scholarly journals Determination of Relative Density and Degree of Saturation in Mineral Soils Based on In Situ Tests

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6963
Author(s):  
Simon Rabarijoely ◽  
Mariusz Lech ◽  
Marek Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Mineral Soils

Based on the results of dynamic probing (DP), time-domain reflectometry (TDR/MUX/MPTS), resistivity cone penetration tests (RCPT), Marchetti dilatometer tests (DMT), and seismic dilatometer tests (SDMT), it is possible to develop a relationship to calculate the relative density (Dr) and degree of saturation (Sr) of selected sandy soils. Compiled databases from documented research points for selected sandy soils were used to construct and develop direct correlations between the measured pressures p0 and p1 from DMT and shear wave velocity (Vs) from SDMT, along with pore water pressures (u0) and atmospheric pressure (Pa). The results allowed us to make a preliminary prediction when evaluating the parameters. Further, they allowed limiting the use of an additional device, especially in the case of multilayer heavy preconsolidated subsoils. Moreover, soil physical and mechanical characteristics (temperature, humidity, pressure, swelling, salinity) measured from TDR/MUX/MPTS (laboratory/field-operated meter for simultaneous measurements of soil moisture, matric potential, temperature, and salinity—bulk electrical conductivity) were assessed. The main achievement of this paper is the original proposal of using a new nomogram chart to determine the relative density and degree of saturation based on DMT and SDMT tests.

Liquefaction performance of soils at the site of a partially completed ground improvement project during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Her Lee ◽  
C Hsein Juang ◽  
Chi-Sheng Ku
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Filling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Penetration Tests

This paper examines the liquefaction performance of soils at the site of a partially completed ground improvement project at the Chang-Hwa Coastal Industrial Park during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. The site is on land reclaimed by hydraulic filling. To meet the need of a planned construction, site characterization was carried out with standard penetration tests (SPTs) and cone penetration tests (CPTs) at 13 locations. Dynamic compaction was later performed to mitigate the potential liquefaction hazards at this site. Before completion of the ground improvement work, the site experienced a major earthquake, the Chi-Chi earthquake (magnitude Mw = 7.6). Evidence of liquefaction was observed in this earthquake in the unimproved area but not in the improved area. After the earthquake, additional site exploration was carried out using SPTs and CPTs. The data from these in situ tests carried out before and after the earthquake and in areas with and without ground improvement are analyzed and the results are reported.Key words: ground improvement, in situ tests, liquefaction, earthquake.

On the evaluation of undrained shear strength and preconsolidation pressure from common field tests in clay

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Larsson ◽  
Helen Åhnberg
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Undrained Shear Strength ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Undrained Shear

The undrained shear strength is a key parameter in the estimation of the stability of natural slopes and man-made constructions in soft clay. It is therefore important to develop relevant methods to evaluate the operative strength. Results from an investigation regarding the effect of excavations at slope crests to increase the stability of clay slopes are presented. This study has provided an opportunity to study the effect of overconsolidation on the evaluated parameters from common in situ tests in homogeneous and truly overconsolidated clays. Certain inconsistencies in the commonly used methods of interpretation of field vane tests, cone penetration tests, and dilatometer tests are highlighted, and modified interpretation methods taking the effects of overconsolidation into account are proposed.Key words: clay, overconsolidation, undrained shear strength, cone penetration test, field vane test, dilatometer test.

Interpretation of in situ test results from the CANLEX sites

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E (Fear) Wride ◽  
P K Robertson ◽  
K W Biggar ◽  
R G Campanella ◽  
B A Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Penetration Tests

One of the primary objectives of the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) project was to evaluate in situ testing techniques and existing interpretation methods as part of the overall goal to focus and coordinate Canadian geotechnical expertise on the topic of soil liquefaction. Six sites were selected by the CANLEX project in an attempt to characterize various deposits of loose sandy soil. The sites consisted of a variety of soil deposits, including hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the oil sands industry, natural sand deposits in the Fraser River Delta, and hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the hard-rock mining industry. At each site, a target zone was selected and various in situ tests were performed. These included standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, seismic downhole cone penetration tests (giving shear wave velocity measurements), geophysical (gamma-gamma) logging, and pressuremeter testing. This paper describes the techniques used in the in situ testing program at each site and presents a summary and interpretation of the results.Key words: CANLEX, in situ testing, shear wave velocity, geophysical logging, pressuremeter.

Guidance on Pressuremeter, Flat Dilatometer and Cone Penetration Testing

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Finn ◽  
R. M. Nisbet ◽  
P. G. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cone Penetrometer Testing ◽  
Penetration Tests

AbstractBS 5930 provides little guidance on the specification, practice and interpretation of pressuremeter, flat dilatometer and cone penetration tests. This paper describes certain key elements in the successful use of such tests which are frequently overlooked in practice. The different types of pressuremeter available in the United Kingdom are reviewed and the importance of care in the installation of pressuremeters of all types is highlighted. The principles of operation of the flat dilatometer are presented and comments made on the interpretation and application of results. Cone penetrometer testing and the types of equipment available are also discussed. The necessity for frequent and thorough calibration of all testing devices is emphasised and requirements for data presentation and reporting of these in situ tests are indicated.

scholarly journals Effect of Gradation and Particle Size on Correlations between DCP Index (ASTM D6951 – 03) and Relative Density for Sand

10.29007/r1lb ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehul Katakiya ◽  
Ami Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Dry Sand ◽  
Relative Density Of Sand ◽  
Penetration Tests ◽  
Dynamic Cone Penetration

This research study was mainly focus on performing dynamic cone penetration tests according to ASTM D691 - 03 with various relative density on different gradation (poorly graded and well graded) of sand. Sand samples were collected from different region of Gujarat viz. Khanpur, Sevaliya, Ahmedabad. Well graded sand samples were prepared by mixing in different proportions of sand samples collected from above locations. Dynamic cone penetration tests were carried out in Plexiglas tank (60 cm × 60 cm × 75 cm) on three different poorly graded and three different well graded sand at different relative density of 30, 50, 65, 75 %. Relative density of sand samples were determined according to IS : 2720 (Part 14) – 1983. Dry sand has been filled in tank up to 70 cm height of tank. Tamping was done with rammer (30 cm × 30 cm × 1 cm) of 9.5 kg weight to achieve desired density. Desired depth of penetration is 60 cm. Dynamic cone penetration tests were performed according to ASTM D6951-03.

scholarly journals Cone penetration tests in dry and saturated Ticino sand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max O. Kluger ◽  
Stefan Kreiter ◽  
Florian T. Stähler ◽  
Majid Goodarzi ◽  
Tim Stanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cone Resistance ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Penetration Tests

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that dry and saturated sands exhibit similar cone resistance–relative density relationships. Some studies pointed out that partial saturation and calcareous sands with considerable fines content are potential factors affecting these relationships. However, there is experimental evidence in Shaqour Bull Eng Geol Environ 66:59-70, (2006) that clean uncemented quartz sand may exhibit lower cone resistance in saturated conditions. The present study aims on contributing towards better understanding the effect of water saturation on cone resistance in sand. For this purpose, Ticino sand samples were prepared dry and saturated in a calibration chamber and cone penetration tests were performed over a wide range of relative densities and at two consolidation stresses. Overall, it was observed that dry and saturated samples exhibited similar cone resistances. Only slightly higher cone resistances were observed for dry samples at the lower consolidation stress. Two anomalous samples, which were tested dry at medium relative density, were found to exhibit way higher cone resistances than expected from published cone resistance–relative density relationships. The Young's modulus was observed to be proportional to cone resistance and independent of whether a sample was tested dry or saturated, being therefore considered as more robust soil property for cone resistance relationships.

Prediction of pile shaft resistance using cone penetration tests (CPTs)

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Baziar ◽  
Armin Kashkooli ◽  
Alireza Saeedi-Azizkandi
Keyword(s):  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Shaft Resistance ◽  
Pile Shaft ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Penetration Tests

Using time domain reflectometry in triaxial testing

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1331
Author(s):  
J LH Grozic ◽  
M E Lefebvre ◽  
P K Robertson ◽  
N R Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Static And Cyclic Loading

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) can be used to determine the volumetric water content of soils. This note describes the utilization of a TDR miniprobe in triaxial testing. The TDR performance was examined with a series of tests that not only proved its reliability but also resulted in two empirical correlations. Using these correlations, the degree of saturation and volumetric water content during triaxial testing could be determined. The TDR was then put to use in a laboratory program designed to investigate the response of loose gassy sand under static and cyclic loading. Because of the TDR measurements it was possible to determine the degree of saturation and void ratio of the gassy specimens. The TDR miniprobe proved to be accurate, simple to use, and inexpensive to build.Key words: time domain reflectometry, TDR, triaxial testing, gassy, unsaturated.

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