scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Study of Five-Layer Non-Symmetrical Paperboard Panel Stiffness

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7453
Author(s):  
Leszek Czechowski ◽  
Gabriela Kmita-Fudalej ◽  
Włodzimierz Szewczyk ◽  
Jacek Gralewski ◽  
Maria Bienkowska
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Orthotropic Material ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Panel Stiffness ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Numerical Estimations

This paper concerns the analysis of five-layer corrugated paperboard subjected to a four-point bending test. The segment of paperboard was tested to determine the bending stiffness. The investigations were conducted experimentally and numerically. The non-damaging tests of bending were carried out in an elastic range of samples. The detailed layers of paperboard were modelled as an orthotropic material. The simulation of flexure was based on a finite element method using Ansys® software. Several material properties and thicknesses of papers in the samples were taken into account to analyse the influence on general stiffness. Two different discrete models based on two geometries of paperboard were considered in this study to validate the experimental stiffness. The present analysis shows the possibility of numerical modelling to achieve a good correlation with experimental results. Moreover, the results of numerical estimations indicate that modelling of the perfect structure gives a lower bending stiffness and some corrections of geometry should be implemented. The discrepancy in stiffness between both methods ranged from 3.04 to 32.88% depending on the analysed variant.

Experimental Verification of the Effective Thickness of Laminated Glass

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 245-248
Author(s):  
Petr Bouška ◽  
Miroslav Špaček ◽  
Drahomír Crhan ◽  
Tomáš Bittner ◽  
Miroslav Vokáč
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Composite Action ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Plastic Foil ◽  
Lamination Process ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Annealed Glass

Properties of laminated glass comprising two or more sheets of glass are greatly affected by the composite action of these panes which is influenced by material properties of used interlayer. Generally plastic foil or cast resin is used as the interlayer in lamination process. Laminated glass has been experimentally investigated in the laboratory condition in a four-point bending test on several kinds of interlayers in combination with variable thickness of the annealed glass. This paper establishes the so-called effective bending thickness according to standard method and presents comparisons with experimentally determined values.

scholarly journals Structural behaviour of PSCC slab panel under four-point bending test

2021 ◽  
Vol 1144 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
M A Iman ◽  
N Mohamad ◽  
A A A Samad ◽  
Steafenie George ◽  
M A Tambichik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Four Point Bending Test

Manufacturing a carbon/epoxy NACA 23018 airfoil skin using a circular braiding machine: experimental and numerical study

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372199377
Author(s):  
Jalil Hajrasouliha ◽  
Mohammad Sheikhzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Meso Scale

In the interest of reducing the weight and also cost of blade skins, various automatic preform manufacturing processes were developed including tape laying, filament winding and braiding. Among them, the circular braiding process was found to be an efficient method in producing seamless preforms on mandrels with various geometries. In this regard, an attempt was made to produce a carbon fiber reinforced composite with the shape of NACA 23018 airfoil using a circular braiding machine. Thus, suitable wooden mandrels were manufactured using NACA 23018 airfoil coordinates, which were obtained by assuming the perimeter of 20 cm. Furthermore, both biaxially and triaxially braided preforms were produced and subsequently impregnated with epoxy resin through an appropriate fabrication method. To assess their performance, four-point bending test was carried out on samples. Ultimately, the elastic response of braided composite airfoils was predicted using a meso-scale finite element modeling and was validated with experimental results.

Research on Damage and Bending Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Xi An Xie ◽  
Gao Feng Quan
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Initial Cracks

Through the four-point bending test of lath-shaped heat treated AZ31 magnesium alloy, the bending properties and damage characteristics were explored. The results show that the optimal bending strength of the magnesium alloy were 355.1MPa and 259.2MPa for extruded and cast samples, respectively, after corresponding heat treatment with 350°C, 90min and 400°C, 30min. The initial cracks both occurred at the loading point after applied load exceeded the yield limit of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Surface bump, cracks and other damage morphology accompanied by a large number of twinning organizations were found on the surface of the samples.

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