scholarly journals Effect of Organizational Evolution on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo Series of Ultra-High Strength Stainless Steel

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Shuai Tian ◽  
Zhenbao Liu ◽  
Renli Fu ◽  
Chaofang Dong ◽  
Xiaohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Organizational Evolution ◽  
Austenite Content

Different microstructures were obtained under various thermal conditions by adjusting the heat treatment parameters of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel. The effect of organizational evolution on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other test methods in combination with slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRTs). The results show that the Mo- and Cr-rich clusters and precipitation of the Laves phase reduce the corrosion resistance, while increasing the austenite content can improve the corrosion resistance. The Cr-Co-Ni-Mo series of ultra-high strength stainless steel has a high SCC resistance after quenching at 1080 °C and undergoing deep cooling (DC) treatment at −73 °C. With increasing holding time, the strength of the underaged and peak-aged specimens increases, but the passivation and SCC resistance decreases. At the overaged temperature, the specimen has good SCC resistance after a short holding time, which is attributed to its higher austenite content and lower dislocation density. As a stable hydrogen trap in steel, austenite effectively improves the SCC resistance of steel. However, under the coupled action of hydrogen and stress, martensitic transformation occurs due to the decrease in the lamination energy of austenite, and the weak martensitic interface becomes the preferred location for crack initiation and propagation.

Probing the stress corrosion cracking resistance of laser beam welded AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096563
Author(s):  
R Rajasekaran ◽  
AK Lakshminarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Time To Failure

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of the laser beam welded (LBW) AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel (SS) was assessed and compared to the base metal (BM). The weld joint was produced using a 2.5 kW laser power source at 1500 mm/min welding speed. Microstructural characterization of the base metal and weld joint were done by the following techniques: (i) Optical Microscopy (OM), (ii) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and (iii) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The primary mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and hardness of the welded joint were evaluated and compared with the base metal. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) assessment was done in boiling 45 wt% MgCl2 solution at constant load condition as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard G36-94. From the SCC experiment data, steady-state elongation rate ([Formula: see text]), transition time ([Formula: see text]) and time to failure ([Formula: see text]) were found and generalized equations to predict the time to failure of the base metal and LBW joint were successfully derived. The passive film rupture mechanism majorly influenced the SCC failure for 316LN and welded joint. The formation of the discontinuous δ-ferrite network, residual stress and nitrogen pore nucleation at the fusion zone of the LBW joint deteriorated the SCC resistance. The metallographic and fractographic studies revealed brittle transgranular SCC failure of the base metal as well as the LBW joint in all the stress conditions.

CARPENTER CUSTOM 465

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract Carpenter Custom 465 stainless steel is an age-hardenable martensitic alloy with less sensitivity to process parameters than other similar alloys. It develops high strength along with fracture toughness and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-716. Producer or source: Carpenter.

scholarly journals Re-Aging Heat Treatment to Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rasdi Deraman ◽  
Mohd Rozaiman Aziz ◽  
Yusli Yaakob
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Cu Alloy

The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is classified as a high strength to weight ratio material and is widely used in the aerospace structures. This alloy is susceptible to severe localized corrosion induced by heat treatment. The objective of this study is to elucidate alternative heat treatment techniques, which reduce the alloys susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). A series of different heat treatments have been performed in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy using cube shaped and C-ring specimens that had been T6- and T7-tempered and undergone Retrogression and Re-aging (RRA) heat treatments. The specimens were exposed to hardness testing, optical testing and immersion testing in a corrosive environment. The effectiveness of the heat treatments was evaluated with respect to improvements in corrosion resistance and the longevity of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. The susceptibility of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy to SCC has been directly related to the precipitation of MgZn2 particles at the grain boundaries. Precipitation hardening of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy increases the hardness of the material, but increases susceptibility to SCC failure. RRA treatment greatly improved the corrosion resistance and longevity of the alloy combined with minimal strength reduction.

Influence of Alloying Elements on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LOGINOW ◽  
J. F. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract In certain applications, stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels has occurred when these steels are subjected to tension stresses (residual and applied) and are exposed to hot chloride solutions. Although stress corrosion cracking can be prevented by treatments to relieve residual stresses and by control of the environment, such procedures are expensive and not always reliable. An extensive study was therefore undertaken to develop a steel that would-be inherently resistant to stress corrosion cracking. The results of the study, conducted on stressed specimens of experimental steels immersed in a boiling 42% magnesium chloride solution, showed that carbon and nickel improved the stress corrosion resistance of annealed steels, and? nickel and silicon increased the resistance of cold-worked steels. It was also found that nitrogen decreased the resistance of annealed steels whereas phosphorus and molybdenum decreased the resistance of cold-worked steels. Manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, and aluminum had little or no effect on stress corrosion resistance. This study resulted in the formulation of a steel composition containing 18% chromium, 18% nickel, 2% silicon, and 0.06% carbon, with low phosphorus and molybdenum contents. This steel was melted in an electric furnace; and1 its, stress corrosion, corrosion, and mechanical properties were determined. Test results show that the new steel (called USS 18-18-2 stainless steel) is much more resistant to stress; corrosion cracking than currently available austenitic stainless steels. Furthermore, the resistance of this steel is better than that of a 20% chromium, 34% nickel alloy that is being marketed; for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

J&L TYPE 2205

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Duplex Microstructure ◽  
Specialty Steel

Abstract J and L 2205 is a ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel. It resists stress-corrosion cracking very well and has good pitting and general corrosion resistance. Its high strength and stress-corrosion resisting characteristics are a reflection of its duplex microstructure. Its uses include pipe, tubing, tanks, and heat exchangers for the chemical industries. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-773. Producer or source: J & L Specialty Steel Inc.

Material Influence on Mitigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Via Laser Shock Peening

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Brandal ◽  
Y. Lawrence Yao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Laser Shock Peening ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Shock Peening

Stress corrosion cracking is a phenomenon that can lead to sudden failure of metallic components. Here, we use laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface treatment for mitigation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and explore how the material differences of 304 stainless steel, 4140 high strength steel, and 260 brass affect their mitigation. Cathodic charging of the samples in 1 M sulfuric acid was performed to accelerate hydrogen uptake. Nontreated stainless steel samples underwent hardness increases of 28%, but LSP treated samples only increased in the range of 0–8%, indicative that LSP keeps hydrogen from permeating into the metal. Similarly for the high strength steel, LSP treating limited the hardness changes from hydrogen to less than 5%. Mechanical U-bends subjected to Mattsson's solution, NaCl, and MgCl2 environments are analyzed, to determine changes in fracture morphology. LSP treating increased the time to failure by 65% for the stainless steel, and by 40% for the high strength steel. LSP treating of the brass showed no improvement in U-bend tests. Surface chemical effects are addressed via Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, and a finite element model comparing induced stresses is developed. Detection of any deformation induced martensite phases, which may be detrimental, is performed using X-ray diffraction. We find LSP to be beneficial for stainless and high strength steels but does not improve brass's SCC resistance. With our analysis methods, we provide a description accounting for differences between the materials, and subsequently highlight important processing considerations for implementation of the process.

scholarly journals Cathodic and Anodic Stress Corrosion Cracking of a New High-Strength CrNiMnMoN Austenitic Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Mathias Truschner ◽  
Jacqueline Deutsch ◽  
Gregor Mori ◽  
Andreas Keplinger
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Slow Strain Rate ◽  
Induced Stress

A new high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with excellent mechanical properties was tested for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The new conventional produced hybrid CrNiMnMoN stainless steel combines the excellent mechanical properties of CrMnN stainless steels with the good corrosion properties of CrNiMo stainless steels. Possible applications of such a high-strength material are wires in maritime environments. In principle, the material can come into direct contact with high chloride solutions as well as low pH containing media. The resistance against chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking was determined by slow strain rate tests and constant load tests in different chloride-containing solutions at elevated temperatures. Resistance to hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking was investigated by precharging and ongoing in-situ hydrogen charging in both slow strain rate test and constant load test. The hydrogen charging was carried out by cathodic charging in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with addition of 1 g/L thiourea as corrosion inhibitor and recombination inhibitor to ensure hydrogen absorption with negligible corrosive attack. Slow strain rate tests only lead to hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking by in-situ charging, which leads to total hydrogen contents of more than 10 wt.-ppm and not by precharging alone. Excellent resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking in 43 wt.% CaCl2 at 120 °C and in 5 wt.% NaCl buffered pH 3.5 solution at 80 °C is obtained for the investigated austenitic stainless steel.

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