scholarly journals Natural Test for Random Numbers Generator Based on Exponential Distribution

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanackov ◽  
Sinani ◽  
Stanković ◽  
Bogdanović ◽  
Stević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Atmospheric Noise ◽  
Constant E ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
Natural Test

We will prove that when uniformly distributed random numbers are sorted by value, their successive differences are a exponentially distributed random variable Ex(λ). For a set of n random numbers, the parameters of mathematical expectation and standard deviation is λ =n−1. The theorem was verified on four series of 200 sets of 101 random numbers each. The first series was obtained on the basis of decimals of the constant e=2.718281…, the second on the decimals of the constant π =3.141592…, the third on a Pseudo Random Number generated from Excel function RAND, and the fourth series of True Random Number generated from atmospheric noise. The obtained results confirm the application of the derived theorem in practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Random Number Generator Functions Using Statistical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rajashree Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
The Third

Most programming languages have in-built functions for the sole purpose of generating pseudo-random numbers. This manuscript is aimed at analyzing the appropriateness of some of these in-built functions for some basic goodness-of-fit statistical tests for random number generators. The document is divided into four sections. The first section gives a broad introduction about randomness and the methods of generation of pseudo-random numbers. Section two discusses the statistical tests that were employed for testing the built-in library functions for random number generation. This section is followed by an analysis of the data collected for the various statistics in the third section, and lastly, the fourth section presents the results of the data analysis.

Using Connectionist Modules for Decision Support

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hripcsak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Connectionist Model ◽  
Test Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA connectionist model for decision support was constructed out of several back-propagation modules. Manifestations serve as input to the model; they may be real-valued, and the confidence in their measurement may be specified. The model produces as its output the posterior probability of disease. The model was trained on 1,000 cases taken from a simulated underlying population with three conditionally independent manifestations. The first manifestation had a linear relationship between value and posterior probability of disease, the second had a stepped relationship, and the third was normally distributed. An independent test set of 30,000 cases showed that the model was better able to estimate the posterior probability of disease (the standard deviation of residuals was 0.046, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.046-0.047) than a model constructed using logistic regression (with a standard deviation of residuals of 0.062, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.062-0.063). The model fitted the normal and stepped manifestations better than the linear one. It accommodated intermediate levels of confidence well.

The Origins of Gritty Realism on British Television: Euston Films and Special Branch

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of

Euston Films was the first film subsidiary of a British television company that sought to film entirely on location. To understand how the ‘televisual imagination’ changed and developed in relationship to the parent institution's (Thames Television) economic and strategic needs after the transatlantic success of its predecessor, ABC Television, it is necessary to consider how the use of film in television drama was regarded by those working at Euston Films. The sources of realism and development of generic verisimilitude found in the British adventure series of the early 1970s were not confined to television, and these very diverse sources both outside and inside television are well worth exploring. Thames Television, which was formed in 1968, did not adopt the slickly produced adventure series style of ABC's The Avengers, for example. Instead, Thames emphasised its other ABC inheritance – naturalistic drama in the form of the studio-based Armchair Theatre – and was to give the adventure series a strong London lowlife flavour. Its film subsidiary, Euston Films, would produce ‘gritty’ programmes such as the third and fourth series of Special Branch. Amid the continuities and tensions between ABC and Thames, it is possible to discern how economic and technological changes were used as a cultural discourse of value that marks the production of Special Branch as a key transformative moment in the history of British television.

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

scholarly journals A Hardware Pseudo-Random Number Generator Using Stochastic Computing and Logistic Map

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Junxiu Liu ◽  
Zhewei Liang ◽  
Yuling Luo ◽  
Lvchen Cao ◽  
Shunsheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Stochastic Computing ◽  
Pseudo Random Number ◽  
Pseudo Random Number Generator

Recent research showed that the chaotic maps are considered as alternative methods for generating pseudo-random numbers, and various approaches have been proposed for the corresponding hardware implementations. In this work, an efficient hardware pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) is proposed, where the one-dimensional logistic map is optimised by using the perturbation operation which effectively reduces the degradation of digital chaos. By employing stochastic computing, a hardware PRNG is designed with relatively low hardware utilisation. The proposed hardware PRNG is implemented by using a Field Programmable Gate Array device. Results show that the chaotic map achieves good security performance by using the perturbation operations and the generated pseudo-random numbers pass the TestU01 test and the NIST SP 800-22 test. Most importantly, it also saves 89% of hardware resources compared to conventional approaches.

scholarly journals Design of True Random Number Circuit with Controllable Frequency

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Xinsheng Wang ◽  
Xiyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
Random Telegraph Noise ◽  
Telegraph Noise ◽  
Novel Method

True random number generators (TRNGs) have been a research hotspot due to secure encryption algorithm requirements. Therefore, such circuits are necessary building blocks in state-of-the-art security controllers. In this paper, a TRNG based on random telegraph noise (RTN) with a controllable rate is proposed. A novel method of noise array circuits is presented, which consists of digital decoder circuits and RTN noise circuits. The frequency of generating random numbers is controlled by the speed of selecting different gating signals. The results of simulation show that the array circuits consist of 64 noise source circuits that can generate random numbers by a frequency from 1 kHz to 16 kHz.

scholarly journals RRAM Random Number Generator Based on Train of Pulses

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Binbin Yang ◽  
Daniel Arumí ◽  
Salvador Manich ◽  
Álvaro Gómez-Pau ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Montañés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Resistive Random Access Memory ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Device Resistance ◽  
New Strategy

In this paper, the modulation of the conductance levels of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices is used for the generation of random numbers by applying a train of RESET pulses. The influence of the pulse amplitude and width on the device resistance is also analyzed. For each pulse characteristic, the number of pulses required to drive the device to a particular resistance threshold is variable, and it is exploited to extract random numbers. Based on this behavior, a random number generator (RNG) circuit is proposed. To assess the performance of the circuit, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness tests are applied to evaluate the randomness of the bitstreams obtained. The experimental results show that four random bits are simultaneously obtained, passing all the applied tests without the need for post-processing. The presented method provides a new strategy to generate random numbers based on RRAMs for hardware security applications.

scholarly journals Introduction to Stochastic Computing using a Remote Lab with Reconfigurable Logic

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jorge Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Reconfigurable Logic ◽  
Linear Feedback Shift Registers ◽  
Stochastic Computing ◽  
Remote Lab

This short paper introduces the basic concepts of Stochastic Computing (SC), and presents additions to a remote lab with reconfigurable logic to allow testing SC circuits. Recently, SC has been revisited and evaluated as a possible way of performing approximate probabilistic computations for artificial perception systems. New modules allow the generation of pseudo-random numbers, given a seed key and using linear feedback shift registers, but also having true random number generation using ring oscillators and embedded PLLs. Stochastic computing allows a tradeoff between resource usage and precision, allowing very simple circuits to perform computations, at the expense of a longer integration time to have reasonable results. We provide the basic stochastic computing modules, so that any user can use them to build a stochastic computing circuit and go beyond software simulations, providing a remote hardware device to test real circuits at high clock speeds.

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