scholarly journals Single-Threshold Model Resource Network and Its Double-Threshold Modifications

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Liudmila Zhilyakova
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Model ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Homogeneous Markov Chain ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Infinitely Divisible ◽  
Resource Network ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Resource Networks

A resource network is a non-classical flow model where the infinitely divisible resource is iteratively distributed among the vertices of a weighted digraph. The model operates in discrete time. The weights of the edges denote their throughputs. The basic model, a standard resource network, has one general characteristic of resource amount—the network threshold value. This value depends on graph topology and weights of edges. This paper briefly outlines the main characteristics of standard resource networks and describes two its modifications. In both non-standard models, the changes concern the rules of receiving the resource by the vertices. The first modification imposes restrictions on the selected vertices’ capacity, preventing them from accumulating resource surpluses. In the second modification, a network with so-called greedy vertices, on the contrary, vertices first accumulate resource themselves and only then begin to give it away. It is noteworthy that completely different changes lead, in general, to the same consequences: the appearance of a second threshold value. At some intervals of resource values in networks, their functioning is described by a homogeneous Markov chain, at others by more complex rules. Transient processes and limit states in networks with different topologies and different operation rules are investigated and described.

scholarly journals Flows in strongly regular periodic dynamic resource networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-470
Author(s):  
V.A. Skorokhodov ◽  
D.O. Sviridkin
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Resource Network ◽  
Strongly Regular ◽  
Dynamic Resource ◽  
Resource Networks ◽  
Time Resource

This paper is devoted to studying the processes of resource allocation in dynamic resource networks. In such networks, the capacities of the arcs depend on time. Resource allocation in the network occurs in discrete time. The resource of each vertex is distributed only between adjacent vertices according to some rules. The study of the processes of resource redistribution in such networks is carried out. The main goal is to develop methods for finding the limit state (distribution) of a resource in a dynamic resource network. It is shown that the approach based on the construction of an auxiliary network is also applicable to reduce the problem of resource allocation in a dynamic network to a similar problem in an auxiliary network. Theorems on the existence of a limit state on an auxiliary graph are proved for strongly regular periodic dynamical networks. To find the limit states, one can use the approaches which are developed for the shortest path problem in dynamic networks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Development on Innovation Activities in Emerging and Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
KamiliaKamilia LoukilLoukil
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries ◽  
The Impact

We investigate in this paper the effect of financial development on innovation in emerging and developing countries. The estimation of panel threshold model for a sample 54 countries during the period 1980-2009 shows the presence of non linear effects in the relationship between financial development and innovation. We find a threshold value of economic development below which the financial development level has no significant impact on innovation and above which financial development has a significant positive impact on innovation. In sum, our findings suggest that the presence of a healthy economic environment is crucial for financial institutions to offer high-quality financial services, promoting more innovation.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Public Service, and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Siming Liu ◽  
Qing Wei ◽  
Pierre Failler ◽  
Hong Lan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Fine Particulate

The impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on health outcomes, especially those of children, have attracted worldwide attention. Based on the PM2.5 concentration data of 94 countries, including the least developed countries estimated by satellite observations in nearly 20 years, this paper investigated the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and analyzed the role of public service in moderating the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Results indicated that PM2.5 pollution had significantly positive influence on U5MR globally. However, the effects of fine particulate pollution on child mortality were heterogeneous in terms of their significance and degrees in countries with different levels of development. A further test based on panel threshold model revealed that public service, measured by public education spending and sanitation service, played a positive moderating role in the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Specifically, when the ratio of public education expenditure in GDP of a country exceeded the first threshold value 3.39% and the second threshold value 5.47%, the magnitude of the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on U5MR significantly decreased accordingly. When the percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities in a country was over 41.3%, the health damaging effects were reduced by more than half. This paper fills the current gap of PM2.5 research in least developed countries and provides key policy recommendations.

The sustainability reporting-firm performance nexus: evidence from a threshold model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Bansal ◽  
Taab Ahmad Samad ◽  
Hajam Abid Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Differential Threshold ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
Institutional Settings

Purpose This study aims to provide a convincing argument behind the mixed findings on the association between sustainability reporting and firm performance by investigating the possibility of a non-linear relationship through a threshold model. Design/methodology/approach This study used (Hansen’s 1999) threshold framework to investigate the relationship between firm performance and sustainability reporting using a sample of 210 Bombay Stock Exchange-listed firms spanning over 10 years from March 2010 to March 2019. This framework helps to test the threshold effect’s presence, estimate the threshold value and check the authenticity of the estimated threshold value. Findings Sustainability reporting has a differential threshold impact on the different indicators of firm performance. On the one hand, the authors’ results illustrate that the firms’ operating performance is positively impacted if and only if the sustainability reporting crosses a certain threshold. On the other hand, sustainability reporting positively impacts firms’ market performance only up to a cut-off point. Practical implications Managers should strive to balance sustainability reporting to reap its desired benefits on firm performance. Originality/value This study explores the possible non-linearity in the association between firm performance and sustainability reporting and explains the relationship’s inconclusive results. Further, this study explores the field in the novel emerging economy with unique institutional settings that mandate spending on sustainability activities.

RESOURCE NETWORKS WITH LIMITATIONS ON VERTEX CAPACITIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила Жилякова ◽  
Liudmila Zhilyakova
Keyword(s):  
Graph Model ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Dynamic Graph ◽  
Resource Network ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Inhomogeneous Markov Chain ◽  
Storage Resource ◽  
Resource Networks ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Vertex Capacities

Work is continuation of studies whose results are published in the monograph "Theory of resource networks" — M.: RIOR: INFRA-M, 2017. The resource network is a dynamic graph model in which vertices at discrete time homogeneous resource exchange through channels with limited bandwidth capabilities. At each step, the vertices give the resource to one of the two rules with the threshold switch, depending on its quantity. In the original model all the vertices have an unlimited capacity. Ie can take and store an arbitrary amount of the resource. In the model proposed in the present work, the vertices, the storage resource (attractors) have limitations on capacity. This creates the possibility of accumulation of the resource in the set of vertices, called secondary attractors. Investigated the inhomogeneous Markov chain generated by the process of redistribution of the resource. The book is intended for specialists in graph theory and operations research, students, masters and post-graduate students studying in various areas of discrete mathematics and computer science.

scholarly journals The heterogeneous energy landscape expression of KWW relaxation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wu ◽  
Q. Jia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Landscape ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Analytic Form ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Characteristic Relaxation Time ◽  
Relaxation Time Distribution ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Closed Analytic Form ◽  
Distribution Equation

Abstract Here we show a heterogeneous energy landscape approach to describing the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relaxation function. For a homogeneous dynamic process, the distribution of free energy landscape is first proposed, revealing the significance of rugged fluctuations. In view of the heterogeneous relaxation given in two dynamic phases and the transmission coefficient in a rate process, we obtain a general characteristic relaxation time distribution equation for the KWW function in a closed, analytic form. Analyses of numerical computation show excellent accuracy, both in time and frequency domains, in the convergent performance of the heterogeneous energy landscape expression and shunning the catastrophic truncations reported in the previous work. The stretched exponential β, closely associated to temperature and apparent correlation with one dynamic phase, reveals a threshold value of 1/2 defining different behavior of the probability density functions. Our work may contribute, for example, to in-depth comprehension of the dynamic mechanism of glass transition, which cannot be provided by existing approaches.

Threshold models with time-varying threshold values and their application in estimating regime-sensitive Taylor rules

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Zhu ◽  
Haiqiang Chen ◽  
Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Taylor Rules ◽  
Homogeneity Assumption ◽  
Proposed Model

Abstract The literature of time series models with threshold effects makes the assumption of a constant threshold value over different periods. However, this time-homogeneity assumption tends to be too restrictive owing to the fact that the threshold value that triggers regime switching could possibly be time-varying. This study herein proposes a threshold model in which the threshold value is assumed to be a latent variable following an autoregressive (AR) process. The newly proposed model was estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm under a Bayesian framework. The Monte Carlo simulations are presented to assess the effectiveness of the Bayesian approaches. An illustration of the model was made through an application to a regime-sensitive Taylor rule employing U.S. data.

scholarly journals Estimation of an Exposure Threshold Value for Compensation of Silica-Induced COPD Based on Longitudinal Changes in Pulmonary Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9040
Author(s):  
Matthias Möhner ◽  
Dennis Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: To estimate the cumulative exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) that reduces lung function to an extent corresponding with airway obstruction equivalent to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (2) Methods: The study is based on a miners’ cohort with longitudinal data on lung function and RCS exposure. Random-effects linear regression models, allowing for a possible threshold concerning the exposure concentration were used to analyze the impact of RCS on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The proposed threshold is the amount of RCS resulting in a decrease in FEV1/FVC from the expected value to the lower limit of normal. (3) Results: The analysis shows that a threshold model fits the data significantly better than the usual linear model. The estimated threshold value for the exposure concentration is 0.089 mg/m3. Using this threshold, the estimate for the corresponding reference dose for RCS is 2.33 mg/m3·y. (4) Conclusions: The analysis confirmed that RCS has a negative impact on lung function. The effect is primarily due to exposure above a concentration threshold of 0.1 mg/m3. It is recommended that COPD should be compensated as an occupational disease if cumulative exposure was at least 2 mg/m3·y above this threshold.

Institutional Quality and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 146499342110167
Author(s):  
Lawrence Adu Asamoah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Negative Effect

This study investigates whether there is an institutional quality threshold effect on income distribution. We employ the dynamic panel threshold model developed by Kremer et al. (2013: Empirical Economics 44(2): 861–878) and a panel of both developing and advanced countries from 1995 to 2017. Our findings suggest the inequality-reducing effect of institutional quality is disproportionate. More specifically, we find two-pronged results: (i) when institutional quality is measured by World Governance Indicators, we find quadratic effect for advanced countries, but a monotonic negative effect for developing countries; (ii) when the International Country Risk Guide-based measure of institutional quality is used as the threshold variable, we find a Kuznets inverted U-shaped relationship between institutions and income inequality for both advanced and developing countries. The results also show a higher threshold value for developing countries compared to advanced economies. These results are robust to both measurement and endogeneity issues. The results have interesting policy implications for income inequality in developing economies.

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