scholarly journals Instruments and Methods for Identifying Indicators of a Digital Entrepreneurial System

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Jelena Raut ◽  
Đorđe Ćelić ◽  
Branislav Dudić ◽  
Jelena Ćulibrk ◽  
Darko Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Member States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are the main driver of the widespread trend of digitalization, and they open opportunities for the advancement of the digital economy. The digital economy makes its progress through innovative enterprises that can ensure global progress. In order to effectively use the opportunities that open up the process of digitalization, information is needed on how much the Republic of Serbia is able to support the process of discovering entrepreneurship, which is stimulated by digitalization, which is the subject of this paper. The aim of this paper is to analyze the digital entrepreneurial system of the Republic of Serbia, as well as to identify indicators that hinder the development of this system, using appropriate instruments and methods that will be presented in detail in the paper. The results have demonstrated that the starting point for improvement of the digital entrepreneurial system is in the field of finance, with a particular focus on companies in the startup and stand-up phases. Furthermore, a comparative analysis will showcase the digital entrepreneurial system of the Republic of Serbia and the member states of the European Union, where it will be seen that the digital entrepreneurial system of the Republic of Serbia is lagging behind the member states of the European Union in its growth and development. The results will serve as the starting point for policymakers to improve the process of digitalization and the digital entrepreneurial system as a whole. The results show the starting point for the improvement of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia, that is, how small, and medium-sized enterprises can be encouraged on the path to their successful management.

Legal conflict between the EU and the republic of Poland regarding polish judicial reform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yakovyuk ◽  
Suzanna Asiryan ◽  
Anastasiya Lazurenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

Problem setting. On October 7, 2021, the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland ruled in favor of Polish law over European Union law, which in the long run may violate the principles according to which the Union operates and the rights enjoyed by citizens of the state. Such a precedent can further serve as a basis for identical decisions of the bodies of constitutional jurisdiction of those states that have problems in fulfilling their obligations in the European community. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The problems of the functioning of the bodies of the European Union, the implementation of their decisions and the general status in EU law are widely studied in national science. In particular, many scholars have studied the legal nature of the EU, including: TM Anakina, VI Muravyov, NM Ushakov, A. Ya. Kapustina, NA Korolyova, Yu. Yumashev, BN Topornin, OYa Tragniuk, SS Seliverstov, IV Yakovyuk and others. Target of research is to establish the foundations of EU law in the functioning of Union bodies, especially the Court, as well as to determine the hierarchy of national law and EU law. Article’s main body. Over the years, the Court has, within its jurisdiction, issued a large number of judgments which have become the source of the Union’s Constituent Treaties and of EU law in general. Over the last two decades, the powers of the Court of Justice have changed significantly. In particular, this is due to the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, which amended the EU’s founding treaties on the powers of the Court, then the reform of the European Court took place in 2015-2016, which concerned a change in the organizational structure of the Court. Despite the generally well-established case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the unification of the observance by the Member States of the basic principles of the European Union, the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland adopted a decision on 7 October. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Following the decision of the Constitutional Court, the Polish authorities found themselves in a situation that significantly complicated its internal and external situation. The way out of which requires answers to fundamental questions about the legal nature of the EU. Undoubtedly, this is an issue not only between Poland and the EU, but also between other member states.

The Google Ireland Case and the Legal Battle over Digital Taxes in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Giulio Allevato ◽  
Fernando Pastor-Merchante
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Battle ◽  
The Way

The preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Google Ireland case turned on the compatibility with the rules on free movement of some of the administrative arrangements put in place by Hungary in order to administer its controversial advertisement tax (namely, the obligation to register and the penalties attached to the failure to comply with that obligation). The preliminary ruling offers some interesting insights on the way in which the Court assesses the compatibility with the freedom to provide services of national administrative arrangements aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes. This is a topical issue in the context of the recent efforts made by Member States to tax the digital economy more effectively.

Termination of Criminal Proceedings in Public Criminal Cases by Courts of First Instance Under Art. 24, Para. 1, Item 5 of the Bulgarian Code of Criminal Procedure and Its Compliance with European Union Law

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Valkova-Terzieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is a specific prerequisite for the termination of criminal proceedings in public criminal cases, regulated in Article 24, Paragraph 1, Item 5 of the Bulgarian Code of Criminal Procedure. This analysis was necessitated by the fact that the European Union had introduced certain obligations for the Member States.

Politics in the European Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Bache ◽  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Treaty Of Lisbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

Politics in the European Union examines the theory, history, institutions, and policies of the European Union. The EU is a unique, complex, and ever-changing political entity which continues to shape both international politics and the politics of its individual member states. The text provides a clear analysis of the organization and presents a well-rounded introduction to the subject. Complete and detailed in its coverage, with a consolidated and updated history section, this text weaves together material on key contemporary concerns including the eurozone crisis and the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon with a thorough consideration of the workings and remit of the EU.

scholarly journals Assessable learning outcomes for the EU Education and Training Framework core and Function A specific modules: Report of an ETPLAS WORKING Group

2020 ◽  
pp. 002367722096858
Author(s):  
Ismene A Dontas ◽  
Kenneth Applebee ◽  
Martje Fentener van Vlissingen ◽  
Viola Galligioni ◽  
Katerina Marinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

Article 23(2) of the European Union Directive 2010/63/EU, which regulates welfare provisions for animals used for scientific purposes, requires that staff involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes be adequately educated and trained before they undertake any such work. However, the nature and extent of such training is not stipulated in the Directive. To facilitate Member States in fulfilling their education and training obligations, the European Commission developed a common Education and Training Framework, which was endorsed by the Member States Competent Authorities. An Education & Training Platform for Laboratory Animal Science (ETPLAS) Working Group was recently established to develop further guidance to the Learning Outcomes in the Framework, with the objective to clarify the levels of knowledge and understanding required by trainees, and to provide the criteria by which these Learning Outcomes should be assessed. Using the Framework document as a starting point, assessment criteria for the Learning Outcomes of the modules required for Function A persons (carrying out procedures on animals) for rats, mice and zebrafish were created with sufficient detail to enable trainees, providers and assessors to appreciate the level of knowledge, understanding and skills required to pass each module. Adoption and utilization of this document by training providers and accrediting or approving bodies will harmonize introductory education and training for those involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes within the European Union, promote mutual recognition of training within and between Member States and therefore free movement of personnel.

scholarly journals The obligation of national Courts against whose decision there is no judicial remedy to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (31) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Valentin Paul Neamt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Reference Procedure ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Judicial Remedy ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The present paper presents the obligation that courts in the member states of the European Union have to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, with a focus on courts against whose decision there is no judicial remedy under national law. The paper starts by presenting the applicable framework regarding the preliminary reference procedure, then focuses on analyzing the exceptions to national court’s duty under article 267 TFEU, with a focus on the direction in which the case law is heading based on the most recent judgments handed down by the Court of Justice of the European Union in 2015, finally presenting the author’s conclusions and observation on the subject.

scholarly journals The cultural constituent of the European Soft Power in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Seitkhamit ◽  
◽  
S.M. Nurdavletova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The European Union dynamically exercises various forms and methods of the Soft Power in its foreign policy. The article reviews its main principles and characteristics as well as conceptual basics. As an example, the article considers the European cultural diplomacy in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a method of soft power. The authors pay an attention specific actions of the European cultural diplomacy in Kazakhstan as well as the mechanisms of its implementation. Apart from that, cultural soft power of two European countries – France and Germany – are considered as separate actions of the EU member states in the sphere of culture. Finally, it assesses importance of Kazakhstan for the EU and effectiveness of such policy in this country.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF BANK ASSURANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Nikola Dacev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Insurance Supervision ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

Banking has gained a new dimension throughout the world in the last few decades due to the integration of global financial markets, the development of new technologies, the universalization of banking operations and diversification into non-banking activities. The merging of various financial services has provided synergies in the banks' operations and development of new concepts. One of these concepts is bank insurance (or banc assurance). Banc assurance, as an emerging distribution channel of insurance, essentially is defined as mediation of banks in the sale of insurance policies issued by insurance companies that are most often used as additional collateral for banks when giving loans to their clients, while the clients with the purchase of credit insurance through banks are secure in case of inability to pay off the loan due to occurrence of the insured risk, whereby the insurer covers the remaining debt of the client towards the bank. Banc assurance is much more developed in Western European countries, but in recent years this type of insurance has noted a trend of growth in the less developed countries also. Banks in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as banks in other countries in the region, try to encourage the development of banc assurance, but it still has a low level of growth in comparison with the European Union member states. This paper presents the level of development of banc assurance as well as its share in the insurance market in the Republic of Macedonia by analyzing the annual reports of the Insurance Supervision Agency of the Republic of Macedonia for the past few years. Consequently, an appropriate comparison was made between the realized values of the gross written premium of the banks as intermediaries in insurance with the realized values of the gross written premium of the other insurance intermediaries (insurance brokerage companies and insurance agencies); and a brief comparison was made with the share of banc assurance in the insurance markets in several countries in the region. The purpose of the paper is to determine the reasons for the situation in which the banc assurance in the Republic of Macedonia is, to analyze the need and the possibility for its development, as well as to determine the manners for banc assurance to reach the level of development in the member states of the European Union as soon as possible. For this purpose, an adequate analysis of the level of implementation of the European Directives for banc assurance (such as the Directive on Insurance Mediation and the Directive on Insurance Distribution) in the legal framework of the Republic of Macedonia has been carried out, as well as analysis of the national legislation regulating banc assurance in the Republic of Macedonia, covered in couple of provisions in the Law on Banks and the Law on Insurance Supervision.

scholarly journals Legal framework for establishing a single maritime transport space without barriers

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Biserka Rukavina ◽  
Loris Rak ◽  
Silvana Buneta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information System ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Republic

This paper provides an overview of activities of the European Commission for establishing a single European maritime transport space and indicates whether and to what extent the adopted strategy documents have established their operations in practice. Directive 2010/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on reporting formalities for ships arriving in and/or departing from ports of the Member States and repealing Directive 2002/6/ EC, as well as Directive 2002/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system, which represent significant legislative achievements of the European Union in the process of reducing administrative burdens to which ships are exposed in the maritime transport, are particularly analyzed. Reasons for amending Directive 2002/59/EC are especially explained. In the last part of the paper, authors review the achievements of the Republic of Croatia regarding the implementation of measures for the establishment of a single European maritime transport space. Based on the results of a comparative overview of solutions contained in the Directives and Croatian bylaws, authors point to the existence of non-compliance and to the need for further action.

The Digital Economy in the Context of Foreign Direct Investment Flows

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Aneta Bobenič Hintošová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Member States

The main objective of the chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of the digital economy in the context of foreign direct investment flows, especially from the European Union member states point of view. First, the term and conceptualization of the digital economy is introduced, followed by an overview of theoretical background and empirical findings related to the role of foreign direct investment in the digital transformation of the economy. In this regard, the nature, position, and international footprint of digital multinational enterprises are also analyzed. The level of the digital economy and society development in the context of foreign direct investment flows is evaluated specifically in the conditions of the European Union member states. The conclusion summarizes the main partial findings, evaluates them in a mutual context, and brings implications for future research.

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