scholarly journals Variant Anatomy and Its Terminology

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
David Kachlík ◽  
Ivan Varga ◽  
Václav Báča ◽  
Vladimír Musil
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Basic Skill ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Variant Anatomy ◽  
Terminologia Anatomica

Variant anatomy, which is an integral part of anatomical science, is related to abnormalities in the human body structure. Our understanding of variant anatomy is based on thousand years of anatomical experience. These abnormalities generally do not interfere with the function of the human body and do not typically manifest as pathological nosological units. However, under certain conditions, these abnormalities can worsen existing pathological states or even evoke new ones. Understanding variant anatomy is a basic skill not only of mere anatomists, but also of clinicians who work in fields involving both diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions. To gain and retain a good knowledge of the most frequent and clinically relevant anatomical variations, a simple, clear, and exactly defined nomenclature of variant structures is needed. A list of items comprising variant anatomy, which have been incorporated into the internationally accepted nomenclatures Terminologia Anatomica (1998) and Terminologia Neuroanatomica (2017), is described and analyzed. Examples of the most common anatomical variations related to terminology are mentioned, and variant anatomy as a whole and its role in understanding current anatomy are discussed.

Opening up a New Field of Modern Medical Research 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Opening Up

Modern medicine tells us that the human body is an organism composed of heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, brain, nerves, muscles, bones, blood vessels, blood and so on, while traditional Chinese medicine believes that besides these tissues and organs, the human body still has another part of the structure, traditional Chinese medicine calls them Jing Luo and Shu Xue. Jing Luo means the longitudinal line of the human body and the accompanying net, translated into English Meridians and Collaterals. Shu Xue means holes distributed on Jing Luo and outside Jing Luo, because stimulating Shu Xue's position by acupuncture, massage and other methods can cure diseases, so Shu Xue is translated into English acupuncture point, abbreviated as acupoint or point. Meridians and acupoints are the special knowledge of human body structure in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine not only draws the distribution map of the meridians and acupoints in the human body, but also has been using them to treat diseases for thousands of years. There are hundreds of these acupoints, stimulating each one by acupuncture, massage or other methods will have a special effect on the human body and can treat various diseases. But what effect does stimulating every acupoint have on the human body so that it can treat various diseases? The discussion of traditional Chinese medicine is vague and incomprehensible, and can not be proved by experiments. According to the author's research for more than 30 years, this paper makes a clear and accurate exposition of the effects on the human body and diseases that can be treated with acupoint massage. These statements can be proved by experiments, so they are believed to be reliable. It is hoped that meridians, acupoints and massage therapy can be incorporated into modern medicine and become a part of modern medicine after being proved by others through experiments. Massaging acupoints can not only treat many diseases that are difficult to be treated with drugs, but also have simple methods and low cost.

The presence of food-derived collagen peptides in human body-structure and biological activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4325-4330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Sato
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Recent Advances

While it was difficult to detect food-derived peptide in blood (A), recent advances enables identify them (B) and examine their biological activities.

scholarly journals From risk charts to guidelines: tools for evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Castello ◽  
Furio Colivicchi ◽  
Mariagrazia Sclavo ◽  
Massimo Uguccioni ◽  
Alberto Genovesi Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Charts

Despite the wide improvement of diagnostic techniques and the introduction of effective pharmacological and instrumental therapeutic strategies aimed to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their incidence and lethality are still elevated, with economic implications increasingly less sustainable by the public medical systems. The modern practice of cardiovascular prevention requires, thus, that diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, both at population level and on the single patient, should be more and more precise, effective, and appropriate. From this point of view, a correct global cardiovascular risk stratification assumes a preponderant relevance, in order to allow an adequate therapeutical response. For this purpose several work instruments, as risk charts and guidelines, namely dedicated to arterial hypertension and dyslipidemias, were developed and offered to clinicians interested in cardiovascular prevention. The aim of this review is to illustrate, in synthesis, those instruments, aiming to facilitate their implementation, thus reducing the actual gap between theoretical indications and the real world.

scholarly journals BRAF in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Inhibition, and Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Sullivan ◽  
Keith T. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Braf Inhibitors ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Braf Mutant ◽  
Mutant Braf

Since the initial discovery that a subset of patients with cutaneous melanoma harbor BRAF mutations, substantial research has been focused on determining the pathologic consequences of BRAF mutations, optimizing diagnostic techniques to identify these mutations, and developing therapeutic interventions to inhibit the function of this target in mutation-bearing tumors. Recently, advances have been made which are revolutionizing the standard of care for patients with BRAF mutant melanoma. This paper provides an overview on the pathogenic ramifications of mutant BRAF signaling, the latest molecular testing methods to detect BRAF mutations, and the most recent clinical data of BRAF pathway inhibitors in patients with melanoma and BRAF mutations. Finally, emerging mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and ways of overcoming this resistance are discussed.

ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF PANCREATIC DUCTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sutia Indra Nath ◽  
Baruah Anuradha ◽  
Borah Ankita
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Pancreatic Duct System

Background: Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the pancreatic ducts are often detected as incidental ndings in asymptomatic patients and are commonly encountered in radiological investigations. Anatomical knowledge of the pancreatic ducts and its variations are important to avoid pancreatic injury during surgical and investigative procedure. The Objectives: aim of the present study is to study anatomical variation of the pancreatic ducts. Methods: The study was done in the department of Anatomy, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam. 50 specimens were collected, (35 nos perinatal and 15 nos adult). A thorough morphological study of the pancreatic duct system was carried out and the results were recorded. Variations of the pancreatic ducts & their diffe Results: rent types correlate with the previous studies to some extent. Conclusion: Knowledge of the pattern and anomaly of the pancreatic ducts will add in the long list of variations of the pancreas. It will be helpful for safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and prevention of inadvertent organ damage or ductal injury.

scholarly journals An Anomalous Configuration of Coronary Artery: A Cadaveric Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rajani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Surgeon ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Anatomical variations in relation to coronary artery and its branches will help cardiac surgeons for refining imaging techniques and coronary artery bypass grafting. A heart was detected with multiple anomalies of coronary arteries in a cadaver. The anomalies of coronary arteries in terms of origin, number of ostia, courses, and presence of myocardial bridges were described, and related clinical implications were highlighted in the present study. The knowledge of variant anatomy may be of paramount importance to anatomists for variant anatomy and to cardiac surgeon for proper diagnosis and treatment of cardiac ailments including radiologists to refine image interpretation.

scholarly journals A plea for extension of the anatomical nomenclature: Vessels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kachlik ◽  
Vladimir Musil ◽  
Alzbeta Blankova ◽  
Zuzana Marvanova ◽  
Jakub Miletin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Anatomical Nomenclature ◽  
Terminologia Anatomica ◽  
Medical Mistakes

This article is the fourth and last part of a series aimed at extending and correcting the anatomical nomenclature. Because of the rapid development of internet and the use of electronic formats in communication in anatomy, embryology, histology, medical education and clinical medicine, an appropriate, precise and concise anatomical nomenclature is required. Such tool enables to avoid any potential confusion and possible scientific/medical mistakes. The up-to-date official anatomical terminology, Terminologia Anatomica, is available longer than 20 years and needs to be refined and extended. The authors have collected and listed 210 terms and completed them with definitions and/or explanations. We aimed to start a discussion about their potential incorporation into the new revised version of the Terminologia Anatomica. This article is primarily focused on the vessels of the human body (arteries, veins and lymphatic system).

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