scholarly journals Using an Electromyography Method While Measuring Oxygen Uptake to Appreciate Physical Exercise Intensity in Adolescent Cyclists: An Analytical Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Ștefan Adrian Martin ◽  
Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Activation Rate

Background and Objectives: During physical exercise, the electrical signal of the muscle fibers decreases due to repeated muscle contractions held at different intensities. The measured signal is strongly related to the motor unit activation rate, which is dependent on the chemical mediators and the available energy. By reducing the energy availability, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production will decrease and therefore the muscle fibers activation rate will be negatively affected. Such aspects become important when taking into account that the training intensity for many young athletes is rather controlled by using the heart rate values. Yet, on many occasions, we have seen differences and lack of relationship between the muscle activation rate, the heart rate values and the lactate accumulation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective analytical study conducted during a 4-month period, on a sample of 30 participants. All study participants underwent an incremental exercise bike test to measure maximum aerobic capacity as well as the muscle activation rate in the vastus lateralis by using an electromyography method (EMG). Results: With age, the EMG signal dropped, as did the electromyography fatigue threshold (EMGFT) point, as seen through p = 0.0057, r = −0.49, CI95% = −0.73 to −0.16, and electromyography maximum reached point (EMGMRP) (p = 0.0001, r = −0.64, CI95% = −0.82 to −0.36), whereas power output increased (p = 0.0186, r = 0.427). The higher the power output, the lower the signal seen by measuring active tissue EMGFT (p = 0.0324, r = −0.39) and EMGMRP (p = 0.0272, r = −0.40). Yet, with changes in median power output, the power developed in aerobic (p = 0.0087, r = 0.47), mixed (p = 0.0288, r = 0.39), anaerobic (p = 0.0052, r = 0.49) and anaerobic power (p = 0.004, r = 0.50) exercise zones increased. Conclusions: There has been reported a relationship between aerobic/anaerobic ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and EMGFT, EMGMRP, respectively. Each change in oxygen uptake increased the power output in EMGFT and EMGMRP, improving performances and therefore overlapping with both ventilatory thresholds.

Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

Training Prescription Guided by Heart-Rate Variability in Cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Jose Manuel Sarabia ◽  
Robert Patrick Lamberts ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Road Cycling

Purpose: Road cycling is a sport with extreme physiological demands. Therefore, there is a need to find new strategies to improve performance. Heart-rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an effective alternative for prescribing training load against predefined training programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training prescription based on HRV in road cycling performance. Methods: Seventeen well-trained cyclists participated in this study. After an initial evaluation week, cyclists performed 4 baseline weeks of standardized training to establish their resting HRV. Then, cyclists were divided into 2 groups, an HRV-guided group and a traditional periodization group, and they carried out 8 training weeks. Cyclists performed 2 evaluation weeks, after and before a training week. During the evaluation weeks, cyclists performed a graded exercise test to assess maximal oxygen uptake, peak power output, and ventilatory thresholds with their corresponding power output (VT1, VT2, WVT1, and WVT2, respectively) and a 40-min simulated time trial. Results: The HRV-guided group improved peak power output (5.1% [4.5%]; P = .024), WVT2 (13.9% [8.8%]; P = .004), and 40-min all-out time trial (7.3% [4.5%]; P = .005). Maximal oxygen uptake and WVT1 remained similar. The traditional periodization group did not improve significantly after the training week. There were no differences between groups. However, magnitude-based inference analysis showed likely beneficial and possibly beneficial effects for the HRV-guided group instead of the traditional periodization group in 40-min all-out time trial and peak power output, respectively. Conclusion: Daily training prescription based on HRV could result in a better performance enhancement than a traditional periodization in well-trained cyclists.

MEDICAL EFFECT OF SPORTS ON IMPROVING THE MAXIMUM OXYGEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-743
Author(s):  
Hua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Arterial Blood

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maximum oxygen uptake is an effective indicator of the level of human cardiopulmonary function and aerobic work capacity. Observing the effects of aerobic training and formulating scientific training plans are of considerable value. Objective: To observe the effect of physical exercise on the human body's maximum oxygen uptake and arterial blood ketone body ratio. Methods: Before and after 4 weeks of physical exercise, the maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid and heart rate changes, and ketone body content in the incremental load exercise experiment was measured in the human body. Results: The subjects’ maximum oxygen uptake, maximum exercise load, heart rate, and blood lactic acid levels increased significantly after physical exercise. Conclusion: The human body's maximum oxygen uptake is enhanced under sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion, Heart Rate, and Power Output in Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake During Submaximal Cycle Ergometry

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack H. Wilmore ◽  
Fred B. Roby ◽  
Philip R. Stanforth ◽  
Michael J. Buono ◽  
Stefan H. Constable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

scholarly journals Warming Up Before a 20-Minute Endurance Effort: Is It Really Worth It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 964-970
Author(s):  
David Barranco-Gil ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Warm Up

Purpose: To analyze the effects of different warm-up protocols on endurance-cycling performance from an integrative perspective (by assessing perceptual, neuromuscular, physiological, and metabolic variables). Methods: Following a randomized crossover design, 15 male cyclists (35 [9] y; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 66.4 [6.8] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 20-minute cycling time trial (TT) preceded by no warm-up, a standard warm-up (10 min at 60% of VO2peak), or a warm-up that was intended to induce potentiation postactivation (PAP warm-up; 5 min at 60% of VO2peak followed by three 10-s all-out sprints). Study outcomes were jumping ability and heart-rate variability (both assessed at baseline and before the TT), TT performance (mean power output), and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) and physiological (oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart-rate variability, blood lactate, and thigh skin temperature) responses during and after the TT. Results: Both standard and PAP warm-up (9.7% [4.7%] and 12.9% [6.5%], respectively, P < .001), but not no warm-up (−0.9% [4.8%], P = .074), increased jumping ability and decreased heart-rate variability (−7.9% [14.2%], P = .027; −20.3% [24.7%], P = .006; and −1.7% [10.5%], P = .366). Participants started the TT (minutes 0–3) at a higher power output and oxygen uptake after PAP warm-up compared with the other 2 protocols (P < .05), but no between-conditions differences were found overall for the remainder of outcomes (P > .05). Conclusions: Compared with no warm-up, warming up enhanced jumping performance and sympathetic modulation before the TT, and the inclusion of brief sprints resulted in a higher initial power output during the TT. However, no warm-up benefits were found for overall TT performance or for perceptual or physiological responses during the TT.

Metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to wheelchair and bicycle ergometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Glaser ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
L. L. Laubach ◽  
A. G. Suryaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Ventilatory Equivalent

To evaluate wheelchair activity in reference to a more familiar mode of locomotion, metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to wheelchair ergometer (WERG) and bicycle ergometer (BERG) exercise were compared. Eighteen able-bodies subjects were tested on a combination wheelchair-bicycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (R), pulmonary ventilation (VE), ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2), percent net mechanical efficiency (ME), and heart rate (HR) were determined at power output (PO) levels of 30, 90, and 150 kpm/min on each ergometer. For WERG and BERG exercise, VO2, VE, and HR increased linearly with PO. Generally, VO2, R, VE, VE/VO2, and HR responses were higher (P less than 0.05) during WERG than BERG exercise at each PO. Blood lactate was determined after 150 kpm/min, and found to be higher (P less than 0.05) during WERG than BERG exercise. ME increased with PO and was lower (P less than 0.05) for WERG than BERG exercise at each PO level. The greater metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses observed during WERG exercise may be due to inefficient biomechanics and the relatively small upper body musculature used for propulsion.

Effect of oral propranolol on the anaerobic threshold and maximum exercise performance in normal man

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hughson ◽  
Barbara J. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Oral Propranolol ◽  
Peak Value

The effect of propranolol on the anaerobic threshold was studied in six healthy male volunteers. The subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer in a progressive exercise test to exhaustion with propranolol or no drug. Power output was increased by 30 W every 2 min. Propranolol caused a significant reduction of heart rate by 20–45 beats per minute at all power outputs. In light and moderate exercise, no differences in oxygen uptake, ventilation, or blood lactate were observed in the propranolol and no-drug tests. The anaerobic threshold was not different between the no-drug (2.32 ± 0.19 L O2/min, mean ± SD) and the propranolol (2.83 ± 0.27 L O2/min) tests; however, the heart rate at the anaerobic threshold was significantly lower in the propranolol (143 ± 13 beats per minute) than the no-drug (187 ± 9 beats per minute) tests. Above the anaerobic threshold, oxygen uptake was similar at a given power output but it reached a lower peak value (p < 0.02) in the propranolol (3.16 ± 0.16 L O2/min) versus the no-drug (3.64 ± 0.39 L O2/min) tests. It was concluded that propranolol caused no change in the anaerobic threshold in this specific progressive exercise protocol. The results suggest that a training intensity for endurance exercise based on the anaerobic threshold does not need to be modified for subjects on propranolol medication.

scholarly journals HEART RATE AND LOWER LIMB MUSCLE ACTIVITY ON CYCLE ERGOMETER

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Paulo Rui de Oliveira ◽  
Robson Dias Scoz ◽  
Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves ◽  
Thiago Rosa de Mesquita ◽  
Rubens Alexandre da Silva Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Behavior

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle activity in the pedal stroke movement on a cycle ergometer can be measured by surface electromyography, as an effective and improved method for studying muscle action and objectively determining the different action potentials of the muscles involved in specific movements. Heart rate behavior is an important factor during exercise with load. Objective: To identify heart rate behavior and pattern of muscle activity of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis in healthy subjects in the pedaling dynamic at different loads, submaximal test, on an instrumented cycle ergometer. Methods: 20 healthy adults were evaluated. Heart rate measurement was performed, together with electromyographic analysis, in the time domain, of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles during incremental exercise of the lower limbs on the cycle ergometer. Results: Heart rate behavior presented significant difference for p≥0.05 in relation to increased loads. The EMG signal intensity from the vastus medialis muscle (normalized RMS value) in each quadrant of the pedaling cycle showed significant difference for p≥0.05 in relation to quadrants I, II and IV and significant difference for p≥0.05 in relation to quadrants III and IV. In the rectus femoris (RF) muscle, there was significant difference for p≥0.05 in relation to quadrants I, II and IV and significant difference for p≥0.05 in relation to quadrants I, II and III. Conclusion: An increase in heart rate proportional to the increase in load was observed, as well as an increase in the amplitude of the electromyographic signal proportional to the increase in load. It was possible to identify the pattern of muscle activation in the studied quadrants during pedal stroke movements, independent of load. Level of evidence III; Study of non-consecutive patients; without uniform application of the “gold” standard reference.

Heart Rate-based Lactate Minimum Test in Running and Cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Kathrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Lactate Minimum

AbstractThe heart rate-based lactate minimum test is a highly reproducible exercise test. However, the relation between lactate minimum determined by this test and maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling is still unclear. Twelve endurance-trained men performed this test in running and cycling. Exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state was determined by performing several constant heart rate endurance tests for both exercise modes. Heart rate, power output, lactate concentration, oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion at lactate minimum, maximal lactate steady state and maximal performance were analysed. All parameters were significantly higher at maximal lactate steady state compared to lactate minimum for running and cycling. Significant correlations (p<0.05) between maximal lactate steady state and lactate minimum data were found. Peak heart rate and peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher for running versus cycling. Nevertheless, the exercise mode had no influence on relative (in percentage of maximal values) heart rate at lactate minimum (p=0.099) in contrast to relative power output (p=0.002). In conclusion, all measured parameters at lactate minimum were significantly lower but highly correlated with values at maximal lactate steady state in running and cycling, which allows to roughly estimate exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state with one single exercise test.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document