scholarly journals Diffusion Dialysis for Separation of Hydrochloric Acid, Iron and Zinc Ions from Highly Concentrated Pickling Solutions

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Gueccia ◽  
Alba Ruiz Aguirre ◽  
Serena Randazzo ◽  
Andrea Cipollina ◽  
Giorgio Micale
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Scale Unit ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Acid recovery from pickling waste solutions is an important step to enhance hot-dip-galvanizing industry process sustainability. Diffusion dialysis (DD) can be used to separate acids and heavy metals (e.g., iron and zinc) from pickling waters, promoting the circular use of such raw materials. In the present study, a laboratory scale unit operating in batch and a continuous large scale unit, both equipped with Fumasep anionic exchange membranes, were tested. Results obtained show that zinc and iron concentration affect the HCl recovery in opposite ways. Iron chlorides enhance acid recovery, while zinc chlorides considerably tend to diffuse through the membrane because of negatively charged chloro-complexes formation and slightly reduce the acid diffusion. A multi-components mathematical model, with a time-dependent and distributed-parameters architecture, was adopted enabling the prediction of operations with hydrochloric acid, zinc, and iron metals both in batch and in continuous dialyzers. As a result, a good comparison between model simulations and experiments was achieved in both configurations.

scholarly journals Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Tulang Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis Niloticus) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Klorida (HCl)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Nurul Diah Lestari ◽  
Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Skin Collagen

Gelatin is a protein from animal bones, white connective tissue, or skin collagen. Every year the number of imports of gelatin from several countries is increasing. With the production of gelatin from tilapia bones on a large scale, it is hoped that it can help improve the economy in Indonesia and reduce the number of gelatin imports. The purpose of this study was to process tilapia bone into gelatin using hydrochloric acid to make it the essential ingredient for making gelatin which is halal and can be consumed to reduce the amount of tilapia bone waste. The concentrations of hydrochloric acid used were 4, 5, and 6% in 500 ml of solution. The concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the yield of gelatin. The quality of gelatin obtained has met the criteria of national gelatin quality standards to be used for food raw materials. The resulting yield ranges from 1.56 - 3.13%, while the water content ranges from 6.7 - 12.17%, ash content from 1.75 - 2.52%, and pH 4.12 - 5.04.ABSTRAKGelatin merupakan protein dari tulang hewan, jaringan ikat putih, atau kolagen kulit. Setiap tahun jumlah impor gelatin dari beberapa negara semakin meningkat. Dengan adanya produksi gelatin dari tulang ikan nila dengan skala yang besar diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan perekonomian di Indonesia dan mengurangi jumlah impor gelatin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengolah tulang ikan nila menjadi gelatin dengan penggunaan asam klorida guna menjadikannya sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan gelatin yang halal dan dapat dikonsumsi sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah limbah tulang ikan nila. Konsentrasi asam klorida yang digunakan yaitu 4, 5, dan 6% dalam 500 ml larutan. Konsentrasi asam klorida mempengaruhi hasil dari gelatin.  Kualitas gelatin yang didapatkan telah memenuhi kriteria standar mutu gelatin nasional sehingga dapat dipakai untuk bahan baku makanan. Rendemen yang dihasilkan berkisar 1,56 – 3,13 % sedangkan kadar air berkisar antara 6,7 – 12,17 %, kadar abu 1,75 – 2,52 %, dan pH 4,12 – 5,04.

A lumped parameter model to predict hydrochloric acid recovery in diffusion dialysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon-Sung Kang ◽  
Kye-Sang Yoo ◽  
Suk-Jung Oh ◽  
Seung-Hyeon Moon
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

scholarly journals Innovative BPPO Anion Exchange Membranes Formulation Using Diffusion Dialysis-Enhanced Acid Regeneration System

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Fares AlMomani
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Aqueous Waste ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Recycling of acid from aqueous waste streams is crucial not only from the environmental point of view but also for maturing the feasible method (diffusion dialysis). Anion exchange membrane (AEM)–based diffusion dialysis process is one of the beneficial ways to recover acid from aqueous waste streams. In this article, the synthesis of a series of brominated poly (2, 6–dimethyl-1, 4–phenylene oxide) (BPPO)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) through quaternization with triphenylphosphine (TPP) were reported for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis process. The successful synthesis of the prepared membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized anion exchange membranes represented water uptake (WR) of 44 to 66%, ion exchange capacity of (IEC) of 1.22 to 1.86 mmol/g, and linear swelling ratio (LSR) of 8 to 20%. They exhibited excellent thermal, mechanical, and acid stability. They showed homogeneous morphology. The acid recovery performance of the synthesized AEMs was investigated in a two compartment stack using simulated mixture of HCl and FeCl2 as feed solution at room temperature. For the synthesized anion exchange membranes TPP–43 to TPP–100, the diffusion dialysis coefficient of acid (UH+) was in the range of 6.7 to 26.3 (10−3 m/h) whereas separation factor (S) was in the range of 27 to 49 at 25 °C. Obtained results revealed that diffusion dialysis performance of the synthesized AEMs was higher than the commercial membrane DF–120B (UH+ = 0.004 m/h, S = 24.3) at room temperature. It showed that the prepared AEMs here could be excellent candidates for the diffusion dialysis process.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Metal Organic Frameworks by Ball-Milling

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Cheng-An Tao ◽  
Jian-Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Made In

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used in adsorption, separation, catalysis, sensing, photo/electro/magnetics, and biomedical fields because of their unique periodic pore structure and excellent properties and have become a hot research topic in recent years. Ball milling is a method of small pollution, short time-consumption, and large-scale synthesis of MOFs. In recent years, many important advances have been made. In this paper, the influencing factors of MOFs synthesized by grinding were reviewed systematically from four aspects: auxiliary additives, metal sources, organic linkers, and reaction specific conditions (such as frequency, reaction time, and mass ratio of ball and raw materials). The prospect for the future development of the synthesis of MOFs by grinding was proposed.

Modeling of Mechanical Systems Using Rigid Bodies and Transmission Line Joints

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Krus
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Transmission Line Modeling ◽  
Integration Algorithms ◽  
Transmission Line Models

Dynamic simulation of systems, where the differential equations of the system are solved numerically, is a very important tool for analysis of the detailed behavior of a system. The main problem when dealing with large complex systems is that most simulation packages rely on centralized integration algorithms. For large scale systems, however, it is an advantage if the system can be partitioned in such a way that the parts can be evaluated with only a minimum of interaction. Using transmission line models, with distributed parameters, physically motivated pure time delays are introduced in the communication between components. These models can be used to represent both lines in a hydraulic system and springs in mechanical systems. As a result, components and subsystems can be simulated more independently of each other. In this paper it is shown how flexible joints based on transmission line modeling (TLM) with distributed parameters can be used to simplify modeling of large mechanical link systems interconnected with other physical domains. Furthermore, it provides a straightforward formulation for parallel processing.

High-performance porous anion exchange membranes for efficient acid recovery from acidic wastewater by diffusion dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 119116
Author(s):  
Jiuyang Lin ◽  
Junming Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Junwei Yu ◽  
Xinqiang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Preparation of Low Chlorine Shellac from Seedlac by Dechlorination Process Using Pd/Fe Binary Metal as Catalyst

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1879-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Long Liao ◽  
Fu Chang Xu ◽  
Dong Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Binary Metal ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer

Pd/Fe bimetallic catalysts were synthesized via chemical deposition and used to eliminate chlorine compacted in shellac while it was being bleached with sodium hypochlorite in alkaline solution for the preparation of low chlorine shellac, a natural and biological product used in large scale in food industry and pharmaceutical fields. Experiments demonstrated that the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles could catalyze dechlorination process effectively, which was affected by several factors such as reaction temperature, Pd/Fe ratio, and the induction of Pd/Fe. The dechlorination efficiency reached 81.9% under the conditions of Pd/Fe loading ratio of 0.10wt%, binary metal usage 10 g/L, H2 flowing rate 50 mL/min, and reaction temperature 90°C for 240 min. Moreover, the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation was elucidated through structure characterization of the final products using elementary analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. It was shown from the result of ultraviolet spectrophotometer that the wavelength of the maximum absorption of seedlac, the raw materials for obtaining shellac, was 235 nm. However, it was blue shifted to the same value 222 nm when the shellac was dechlorinated by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd/Fe binary metal particle as the shellac without catalyzed. The results of elementary analysis showed that chlorine content in the final product was only 0.46%, just 1/5 comparing to that of non-declorination by catalytic hydrogenation under the optimum conditions. It was shown that the chlorine ions compacted in the shellac was substituted by hydrogen ions.

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