scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Efficiency, Operation Costs, Carbon Footprint and Ecological Footprint with Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Seawater Desalination Plants

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Federico Leon ◽  
Alejandro Ramos ◽  
S. Ovidio Perez-Baez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

This article shows the optimization of the reverse osmosis process in seawater desalination plants, taking the example of the Canary Islands, where there are more than 320 units of different sizes, both private and public. The objective is to improve the energy efficiency of the system in order to save on operation costs as well as reduce the carbon and ecological footprints. Reverse osmosis membranes with higher surface area have lower energy consumption, as well as energy recovery systems to recover the brine pressure and introduce it in the system. Accounting for the operation, maintenance and handling of the membranes is also important in energy savings, in order to improve the energy efficiency. The energy consumption depends on the permeate water quality required and the model of the reverse osmosis membrane installed in the seawater desalination plant, as it is shown in this study.

Zwitterionic and hydrophilic polyelectrolyte/metal ion anti-fouling layers via covalent and coordination bonds for reverse osmosis membranes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Jiang ◽  
Li-Ye Chen ◽  
Qian Zou ◽  
Siwei Xiong ◽  
Peigen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
Coordination Bonds ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology, as an effective and eco-friendly method, has been widely used for seawater desalination and sewage treatment. However, RO membranes inevitably suffer serious organic and biological...

scholarly journals A Review of Nanotechnology Application for Seawater Desalination Process. SOIJST Vol. 1 (1):155-179

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Human Population ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Human Population Growth ◽  
Freshwater Resource ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

As freshwater resource decreasing rapidly due to high rate of human population growth, many researchers have done studies to develop methods for producing freshwater supply. Seawater desalination is one of the method that has the credibility to be implemented. However, conventional seawater desalination processes suffer from a number of problems related to energy efficiency and cost. In spite of this, nanotechnology has been applied to the process. In this paper, we give an overview and explanations concerning the roles of nanotechnology in seawater desalination processes which consist of pretreatment, reverse osmosis (RO), and disinfection. In addition, the comparisons between conventional and nanotechnology-applied processes as related to its efficiency and effectiveness are also provided.

scholarly journals Improving the economic performances of the beet-sugar industry

2008 ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Prodanic ◽  
Aleksandar Jokic ◽  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Zoltan Zavargo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement

General trend of free trade at the regional level as well as in the direction of European Union has motivated sugar factories located in Serbia to invest into technologies that are more efficient in order to make their products more competitive in the markets of Europe. Until 2005, the project of energy efficiency improvement in Serbian sugar factories was conducted in Crvenka and Zabalj. Now, they have energy consumption around 1 MJ/kg beet, in contrast to the previous consumption of 1.2 up to 1.5 MJ/kg beet. Further improvements are possible but investments would be high. A result of measurements taken during 2006, after the sugar factory "Donji Srem" - Pecinci was reconstructed showed that a considerable saving has been achieved. The first set of measurements showed that the energy consumption was 1.01 MJ/kg beet, which was 20% higher than intended, but at the same time energy savings were about 30% lower with respect to the values before the reconstruction.

E|Benchmark - Approaches and Methods for Assessing the Energy Efficiency of the Industrial Automated Product Manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kreitlein ◽  
Tobias Rackow ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption ◽  
Related Characteristic ◽  
Industry Comparison ◽  
Successive Calculation

This paper introduces a method for the assessment and evaluation of energy efficiency of the manufacturing processes in the production as well as a corporate and cross-industry comparison. Already today, energy-related characteristic value systems are used, which are related to the energy consumption of large electronic household appliances or are focusing on their production facilities. The energy efficiency value is a newly developed indicator and will provide valuable information about the energy efficiency of the production of various products, production operators, and consumers. In the following, the energy efficiency value, which is based on the approach of minimal value calculation, is presented in detail. The basic idea is the comparison and evaluation of energy efficiency based on the ratio of the theoretically required energy consumption to the actual energy consumption. Depending on the analysis of influencing factors, a model highlighting their dependencies could be established. The developed system hinges on a successive calculation of the minimum value. Each of these minimum types can be put in relation to the measured energy consumption. However, depending on the chosen basis, the conclusion and focus of the calculated key figure may vary. By using the real minimum as a basis, the actually existing energy savings become visible. The method will be put to the test through an exemplary application for processes in the fields of cutting technologies. This course of action allows for the validation of the developed energy efficiency value and reveals the potential of this method.

Influence of Volumetric Capacity on Energy Consumption in Oil-Lubricated Compressed Air Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Olszewski ◽  
Claus Borgnakke
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Volumetric Capacity

The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of compressed air volumetric capacity on the energy consumption in systems equipped with oil-lubricated screw compressors. A mathematical model of oil-lubricated screw compressors has been proposed. The model is verified by comparing with real measurements, and overall uncertainty analysis is estimated. An in-house developed numerical code (c++) is used to calculate the energy consumption in 252,000 combinations. The final result can be used to estimate the energy efficiency of existing air systems and to assess potential energy savings due to changes in the operation of the system and its control strategy.

scholarly journals Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Kaminska ◽  
Andrzej Ożadowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Lighting Control

Energy used for lighting is one of the major components of total energy consumption in buildings. Nowadays, buildings have a great potential to reduce their energy consumption, but to achieve this purpose additional efforts are indispensable. In this study, the need for energy savings evaluation before the implementation of lighting control algorithms for a specified building is highlighted. Therefore, experimental tests have been carried out in a university building with laboratories and other rooms, equipped with KNX building automation system. A dimmable control strategy has been investigated, dependent on daylight illuminance. Moreover, a relationship between external and internal daylight illuminance levels has been evaluated as well. Based on the experimental results, the authors proposed a method for the rough estimation of electrical energy savings. Since, according to the EN 15232 standard, Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) play an important role in buildings’ energy efficiency improvements, the BACS efficiency factors from this standard have been used to verify the experimental results presented in the paper. The potential to reduce energy consumption from lighting in non-residential buildings by 28% for offices and 24% for educational buildings has been confirmed, but its dependence on specific building parameters has been discussed as well.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Energy Consumption, GHG Emission, and Cost of Seawater Desalination in China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexiu Jia ◽  
Jiří Klemeš ◽  
Petar Varbanov ◽  
Sharifah Wan Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Product Cost

Seawater desalination is considered a technique with high water supply potential and has become an emerging alternative for freshwater supply in China. The increase of the capacity also increases energy consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, which has not been well investigated in studies. This study has analyzed the current development of seawater desalination in China, including the capacity, distribution, processes, as well as the desalted water use. Energy consumption and GHG emissions of overall desalination in China, as well as for the provinces, are calculated covering the period of 2006–2016. The unit product cost of seawater desalination plants specifying processes is also estimated. The results showed that 1) The installed capacity maintained increased from 2006 to 2016, and reverse osmosis is the major process used for seawater desalination in China. 2) The energy consumption increased from 81 MWh/y to 1,561 MWh/y during the 11 years. The overall GHG emission increase from 85 Mt CO2eq/y to 1,628 Mt CO2eq/y. Tianjin had the largest GHG emissions, following are Hebei and Shandong, with emissions of 4.1 Mt CO2eq/y, 2.2 Mt CO2eq/y. and 1.0 Mt CO2eq/y. 3) The unit product cost of seawater desalination is higher than other water supply alternatives, and it differentiates the desalination processes. The average unit product cost of the reverse osmosis process is 0.96 USD and 2.5 USD for the multiple-effect distillation process. The potential for future works should specify different energy forms, e.g. heat and power. Alternatives of process integration should be investigated—e.g. efficiency of using the energy, heat integration, and renewables in water desalination, as well as the utilization of total site heat integration.

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