scholarly journals Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Kaminska ◽  
Andrzej Ożadowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Lighting Control

Energy used for lighting is one of the major components of total energy consumption in buildings. Nowadays, buildings have a great potential to reduce their energy consumption, but to achieve this purpose additional efforts are indispensable. In this study, the need for energy savings evaluation before the implementation of lighting control algorithms for a specified building is highlighted. Therefore, experimental tests have been carried out in a university building with laboratories and other rooms, equipped with KNX building automation system. A dimmable control strategy has been investigated, dependent on daylight illuminance. Moreover, a relationship between external and internal daylight illuminance levels has been evaluated as well. Based on the experimental results, the authors proposed a method for the rough estimation of electrical energy savings. Since, according to the EN 15232 standard, Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) play an important role in buildings’ energy efficiency improvements, the BACS efficiency factors from this standard have been used to verify the experimental results presented in the paper. The potential to reduce energy consumption from lighting in non-residential buildings by 28% for offices and 24% for educational buildings has been confirmed, but its dependence on specific building parameters has been discussed as well.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Implementing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Domestic Air Conditioners in Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah M Alabani ◽  
Ibrahim H Tawil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home appliances in Libya. The calculations required to design such programs show the energy savings that can be achieved during cooling loads in the summer period of 4 months July, August, September). A strategic plan has been developed during 10-year (2020-2030) to estimate the expected savings of energy consumed and to identify possible obstacles and difficulties by gradually increasing the energy efficiency ratio for comestic air conditioners in two stages, from EER10 to EER11 in the first stage is then raised to EER12 as the second stage.

scholarly journals An Exhaustive Search Energy Optimization Method for Residential Building Envelope in Different Climatic Zones of Kazakhstan

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Mirzhan Kaderzhanov ◽  
Shazim Ali Memon ◽  
Assemgul Saurbayeva ◽  
Jong R. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Estimation

Nowadays, the residential sector of Kazakhstan accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the energy estimation model for residential buildings in Kazakhstan so as to reduce energy consumption. This research is aimed to develop the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) based Building Energy Simulation Model (BESM) for the reduction of energy consumption through the envelope of residential buildings in seven cities of Kazakhstan. A brute force optimization method was adopted to obtain the optimal envelope configuration varying window-to-wall ratio (WWR), the angle of a pitched roof, the depth of the overhang shading system, the thermal conductivity, and the thicknesses of wall composition materials. In addition, orientation-related analyses of the optimized cases were conducted. Finally, the economic evaluation of the base and optimized cases were presented. The results showed that an average energy reduction for heating was 6156.8 kWh, while for cooling it was almost 1912.17 kWh. The heating and cooling energy savings were 16.59% and 16.69%, respectively. The frontage of the building model directed towards the south in the cold season and north in the hot season demonstrated around 21% and 32% of energy reduction, respectively. The energy cost savings varied between 9657 to 119,221 ₸ for heating, 9622 to 36,088 ₸ for cooling.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Greening the Existing Residential Buildings in the Egyptian Market Base Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Amr Soliman ElGohary ◽  
Shereen Omar Khashaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Sector

Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015). The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase. The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally. This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market. The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners. In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.

scholarly journals Energy Savings from Feedback Systems: A Meta-Studies’ Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zangheri ◽  
Serrenho ◽  
Bertoldi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Consumer Feedback ◽  
Feedback Strategies

In order to achieve the goal of the Paris Agreement and reduce energy consumption there is the need for a behavior change in energy end-users. Many studies have demonstrated that by delivering to energy users customized feedback on their energy consumption it can encourage a change in their behavior and support investments in energy efficiency and sustainable energy use. However, the resulting impact on energy consumption can vary largely depending on how, when, and to whom the feedback is delivered. This paper aims to provide an updated overview of the energy savings for the main energy consumptions in residential buildings associated with different types of feedback and against some key determinants, i.e., geographical area, time period, type of medium. This analysis is based on a comprehensive literature review of over 70 studies. Based on the review the paper draws conclusions relevant for policymakers and stakeholders interested in developing feedback strategies and tools for their wide applications. The paper focuses also on the ongoing process implementing the EU Energy Efficiency Directive articles related to billing and metering, which will enable more proactive consumer feedback.

Analysis on Energy Efficiency and Consumption of Existing Residential Buildings in Shijiazhuang

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Wu Xing Zheng ◽  
De Sheng Ju ◽  
Shi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Indoor Comfort

Through the investigations on a total of 2,079 residential buildings in Shijiazhuang, the author got the distributions, ages, structures, heating and cooling patterns, indoor comfort conditions, state of energy efficiency and actual energy consumptions etc. In addition, non-energy-efficient buildings, energy-saving 30%, energy-saving 50% and energy-saving 65% accounted for 24.8%, 17.8%, 22.4% and 35.0% respectively. The author calculated the total energy consumption of 397 sample existing residential buildings which is equivalent to about 48,600 t Standard Coal, and average energy consumption per unit area was about 28.0 kg/m2. The results may contribute to the future work of energy efficiency renovation of existing residential buildings in Shijiazhuang, even the whole Hebei Province.

scholarly journals An Occupancy Based Cyber-Physical System Design for Intelligent Building Automation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kottarathil Eashy Mary Reena ◽  
Abraham Theckethil Mathew ◽  
Lillykutty Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Nsga Ii

Cyber-physical system (CPS) includes the class of Intelligent Building Automation System (IBAS) which increasingly utilizes advanced technologies for long term stability, economy, longevity, and user comfort. However, there are diverse issues associated with wireless interconnection of the sensors, controllers, and power consuming physical end devices. In this paper, a novel architecture of CPS for wireless networked IBAS with priority-based access mechanism is proposed for zones in a large building with dynamically varying occupancy. Priority status of zones based on occupancy is determined using fuzzy inference engine. Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is used to solve the optimization problem involving conflicting demands of minimizing total energy consumption and maximizing occupant comfort levels in building. An algorithm is proposed for power scheduling in sensor nodes to reduce their energy consumption. Wi-Fi with Elimination-Yield Nonpreemptive Multiple Access (EY-NPMA) scheme is used for assigning priority among nodes for wireless channel access. Controller design techniques are also proposed for ensuring the stability of the closed loop control of IBAS in the presence of packet dropouts due to unreliable network links.

scholarly journals STATE OF SEED PRODUCTION AND AGRO-ENERGY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF RED FESCUE SEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Seed Crops

Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) it is one of the most popular crops for creating lawns of various types and as a component of meadow and pasture poly-species mixtures of long-term use. The volume of domestic production of seeds of this crop is less than 2% of the total sales of seed material on the Russian market. The wide expansion of imported seeds of foreign-selected varieties to the domestic market sharply raises the question of the need to develop seed production of this crop in Russia. To do this, it is necessary to intensify breeding for the development of new varieties of red fescue, the development of zonal technologies for cultivating them for seeds. Analysis and generalization of research results shows that when using a set of optimal agricultural techniques, it is possible to consistently receive seed collections of more than 0.4 t/ha. This level of seed yield ensures high profitability of production and recoupment of energy costs. Assessment of the energy efficiency of technologies for cultivation of red fescue pasture-lawn ecotype shows that the total energy consumption per 1 ha of seed was 17.7 GJ, per 1 kg of seeds – 68.2 MJ. Due to the increase in yield by 44.4% and the use of energy-saving techniques, energy savings per 100 kg of seeds amounted to 25.6%. The energy assessment showed that as a result of harvesting seed crops by direct threshing in the optimal time frame, total energy costs decreased by 19%, and energy consumption for fuel – by 29%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Thermally Improved Residential Buildings, with a Weather Controlled Central Heating System. A Case Study in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Cieśliński ◽  
Sylwester Tabor ◽  
Tomasz Szul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Made In

Optimization of energy consumption and related energy efficiency can be realized in various ways, both through measures to reduce heat losses through building partitions and the introduction of modern systems of regulation and management of heat distribution. In order to achieve the best possible results, these actions should be interlinked, especially in older buildings that have undergone thermomodernization. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate actions aimed at improving energy efficiency of buildings made in prefabricated technology. These buildings were thermomodernized and then the weather-controlled central heating system was installed. The study assessed whether the application of the change of the method of central heating regulation from the traditional one, taking into account only the change of external temperature to the weather-controlled one, will contribute to the increase of energy efficiency of buildings. The research was carried out in the existing residential buildings, for which data on the actual energy consumption was collected and elaborated and includes periods before modernization, after thermomodernization and the period after the introduction of the central heating system with weather control. The collected data cover an eighteen-year period of buildings’ use. The obtained results indicate that in Polish conditions the introduction of weather-controlled regulation system in buildings made in prefabricated technology (made of large slab) allows to achieve energy savings in the range of 16–23%, it may be related to their high thermal capacity resulting from the use of concrete elements in the building envelope.

Energy savings potential of new aeration system: Full scale trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lazić ◽  
V. Larsson ◽  
Å. Nordenborg
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Aeration Control

The objective of this work is to decrease energy consumption of the aeration system at a mid-size conventional wastewater treatment plant in the south of Sweden where aeration consumes 44% of the total energy consumption of the plant. By designing an energy optimised aeration system (with aeration grids, blowers, controlling valves) and then operating it with a new aeration control system (dissolved oxygen cascade control and most open valve logic) one can save energy. The concept has been tested in full scale by comparing two treatment lines: a reference line (consisting of old fine bubble tube diffusers, old lobe blowers, simple DO control) with a test line (consisting of new Sanitaire Silver Series Low Pressure fine bubble diffusers, a new screw blower and the Flygt aeration control system). Energy savings with the new aeration system measured as Aeration Efficiency was 65%. Furthermore, 13% of the total energy consumption of the whole plant, or 21 000 €/year, could be saved when the tested line was operated with the new aeration system.

scholarly journals Ensemble Prediction Approach Based on Learning to Statistical Model for Efficient Building Energy Consumption Management

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Anam Nawaz Khan ◽  
Naeem Iqbal ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Do-Hyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Ensemble Prediction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Prediction Approach

With the development of modern power systems (smart grid), energy consumption prediction becomes an essential aspect of resource planning and operations. In the last few decades, industrial and commercial buildings have thoroughly been investigated for consumption patterns. However, due to the unavailability of data, the residential buildings could not get much attention. During the last few years, many solutions have been devised for predicting electric consumption; however, it remains a challenging task due to the dynamic nature of residential consumption patterns. Therefore, a more robust solution is required to improve the model performance and achieve a better prediction accuracy. This paper presents an ensemble approach based on learning to a statistical model to predict the short-term energy consumption of a multifamily residential building. Our proposed approach utilizes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Kalman Filter (KF) to build an ensemble prediction model to predict short term energy demands of multifamily residential buildings. The proposed approach uses real energy data acquired from the multifamily residential building, South Korea. Different statistical measures are used, such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R2 score, to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach and compare it with existing models. The experimental results reveal that the proposed approach predicts accurately and outperforms the existing models. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is performed to evaluate and compare the proposed model with conventional machine learning models. The experimental results show the effectiveness and significance of the proposed approach compared to existing energy prediction models. The proposed approach will support energy management to effectively plan and manage the energy supply and demands of multifamily residential buildings.

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