scholarly journals Hydrogen Embrittlement of Medium Mn Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Lawrence Cho ◽  
Yuran Kong ◽  
John G. Speer ◽  
Kip O. Findley
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength Steels ◽  
Multiphase Steels

Recent research efforts to develop advanced–/ultrahigh–strength medium-Mn steels have led to the development of a variety of alloying concepts, thermo-mechanical processing routes, and microstructural variants for these steel grades. However, certain grades of advanced–/ultrahigh–strength steels (A/UHSS) are known to be highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, due to their high strength levels. Hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium–Mn steels are less understood compared to other classes of A/UHSS, such as high Mn twinning–induced plasticity steel, because of the relatively short history of the development of this steel class and the complex nature of multiphase, fine-grained microstructures that are present in medium–Mn steels. The motivation of this paper is to review the current understanding of the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of medium or intermediate Mn (4 to 15 wt pct) multiphase steels and to address various alloying and processing strategies that are available to enhance the hydrogen-resistance of these steel grades.

Hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of two tempered martensitic steel alloys for high-strength bolting

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (17) ◽  
pp. 3214-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Brahimi ◽  
KR Sriraman ◽  
S Yue
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Internal Hydrogen ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Steel Grades ◽  
Quenched And Tempered Steel ◽  
Case Condition ◽  
Aisi 4340

Hydrogen embrittlement threshold curves were derived for two quenched and tempered steel grades, AISI 4135 and AISI 4340, at varying hardness ranging from 33 to 54 HRC. For each material, hydrogen was introduced (i) by zinc electroplating as a worst case condition for internal hydrogen embrittlement and (ii) by imposing cathodic potential of −1.2 V as a worst case condition for environmental hydrogen embrittlement. Overall, AISI 4135 exhibited lower thresholds than AISI 4340, making it the more susceptible of the two alloys. The findings demonstrate although hardness and/or strength have a first-order effect on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility, difference in chemistry leading to differences microstructural characteristics must also be considered. Below hardness of 39 HRC, both alloys were not susceptible to internal hydrogen embrittlement, a finding that is consistent with common industry practice and fastener electroplating standards that do not mandate baking of electroplated fasteners with specified hardness below 39 HRC.

Controlling Hydrogen Embrittlement in Precharged Ultrahigh-Strength Steels

CORROSION ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dogan ◽  
D. Li ◽  
J. R. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength Steels

scholarly journals Making ultrastrong steel tough by grain-boundary delamination

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6497) ◽  
pp. 1347-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
Qin Yu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
Jon Ell ◽  
M. X. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength Steels ◽  
Fracture Processes ◽  
Primary Fracture

Developing ultrahigh-strength steels that are ductile, fracture resistant, and cost effective would be attractive for a variety of structural applications. We show that improved fracture resistance in a steel with an ultrahigh yield strength of nearly 2 gigapascals can be achieved by activating delamination toughening coupled with transformation-induced plasticity. Delamination toughening associated with intensive but controlled cracking at manganese-enriched prior-austenite grain boundaries normal to the primary fracture surface dramatically improves the overall fracture resistance. As a result, fracture under plane-strain conditions is automatically transformed into a series of fracture processes in “parallel” plane-stress conditions through the thickness. The present “high-strength induced multidelamination” strategy offers a different pathway to develop engineering materials with ultrahigh strength and superior toughness at economical materials cost.

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ABRASIVE- WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR 400 AND BRINAR 500 STEELS

Tribologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz KONAT ◽  
Jerzy NAPIÓRKOWSKI ◽  
Beata BIAŁOBRZESKA
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Fine Grained Structure ◽  
Steel Grades

In the paper, microstructures and the examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of steel grades Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 are presented. It was found on the grounds of light and electron scanning microscopy that these steels are characterised by subtle differences in microstructures, influencing their mechanical and usable properties. In as-delivered condition, the steels have fine-grained structure with post-martensitic orientation, containing few particles of carbide phases. Such microstructures of Brinar steels and the performed chemical analyses indicate that their properties are formed during specialised operations of thermo-mechanical rolling. Generally, it can be said that the examined steels were designed according to the accepted standards of material engineering, related to low-alloy, high-strength, and abrasive-wear resistant martensitic steels. According to the above, the obtained results of structural examinations of Brinar 400 and Brinar 500 steels were referred to real abrasive-wear indices obtained by the spinning bowl method with use of various abrasive soil masses. The tests carried-out in light soil (loamy sand), medium soil (sandy loam), and in heavy soil (loam), as well as hardness measurements showed strict dependence of abrasive-wear indices on microstructures and the heattreatment condition of the examined steels. Examination results of abrasive-wear resistance of Brinar steels were compared with those of steel 38GSA in normalised conditions.

DILLIMAX 690

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract Dillimax 550 is a high-strength quenched and tempered, fine-grained structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi). Plate is delivered in three qualities: basic, tough, and extra tough. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-652. Producer or source: Dillinger Hütte GTS.

DILLIMAX 500

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract Dillimax 500 is a high-strength quenched and tempered, fine-grained structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 500 MPa (72 ksi). Plate is delivered in three qualities: basic, high toughness, and extra tough. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on surface qualities as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-645. Producer or source: Dillinger Hütte GTS.

TRI-MARK TM-811N2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Steel Weld Metal ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Welding Electrode

Abstract TRI-MARK TM-811N2 is a flux-cored welding electrode for all position semiautomatic arc welding. It is designed to weld 2-3% nickel steels for applications requiring good toughness at subzero temperatures; in addition, it is used to weld various other high-strength low-alloy steels and various fine-grained steels with low-temperature toughness. Tri-Mark TM-811N2 is used to deposit typically 2.35% nickel steel weld metal with good low-temperature impact properties. It is used for shipbuilding, oil rigs and similar structures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-389. Producer or source: Tri-Mark Inc..

scholarly journals Overview of HSS Steel Grades Development and Study of Reheating Condition Effects on Austenite Grain Size Changes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Tibor Kvackaj ◽  
Jana Bidulská ◽  
Róbert Bidulský
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Steel Grades

This review paper concerns the development of the chemical compositions and controlled processes of rolling and cooling steels to increase their mechanical properties and reduce weight and production costs. The paper analyzes the basic differences among high-strength steel (HSS), advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) and ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) depending on differences in their final microstructural components, chemical composition, alloying elements and strengthening contributions to determine strength and mechanical properties. HSS is characterized by a final single-phase structure with reduced perlite content, while AHSS has a final structure of two-phase to multiphase. UHSS is characterized by a single-phase or multiphase structure. The yield strength of the steels have the following value intervals: HSS, 180–550 MPa; AHSS, 260–900 MPa; UHSS, 600–960 MPa. In addition to strength properties, the ductility of these steel grades is also an important parameter. AHSS steel has the best ductility, followed by HSS and UHSS. Within the HSS steel group, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel represents a special subgroup characterized by the use of microalloying elements for special strength and plastic properties. An important parameter determining the strength properties of these steels is the grain-size diameter of the final structure, which depends on the processing conditions of the previous austenitic structure. The influence of reheating temperatures (TReh) and the holding time at the reheating temperature (tReh) of C–Mn–Nb–V HSLA steel was investigated in detail. Mathematical equations describing changes in the diameter of austenite grain size (dγ), depending on reheating temperature and holding time, were derived by the authors. The coordinates of the point where normal grain growth turned abnormal was determined. These coordinates for testing steel are the reheating conditions TReh = 1060 °C, tReh = 1800 s at the diameter of austenite grain size dγ = 100 μm.

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