The role of row crop predecessors in controlling weediness and increasing the productivity of rapeseed and rapeseed seeds

Practice shows that the demand for oilseeds is currently very high. Having the potential of large processing capacities in the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, oilseeds are in high demand, characterizing rapeseed and rape as high-margin crops in agricultural production. The study of the influence of row crop predecessors on the productivity of cruciferous oilseeds in the conditions of this region is interesting and relevant, which served to determine the direction of research. The article presents data on determining the effectiveness of predecessors on weediness, growth and development, productivity of agrocenoses of rapeseed and rape of spring forms. On the dark gray forest soils of the Ryazan region, the maximum yield of oilseeds of rape and rape was obtained on the variants where the predecessor potato was chosen (2.80 t / ha for rape, 2.68 t / ha for rape), the minimum yield of rape and rape was obtained from the predecessor of corn for grain (2.55; 2.44 t / ha, respectively). A direct dependence of the weediness of crops to the yield of oilseeds of the studied crops was revealed. Keywords: RAPESEED, MUGGY, PREDECESSORS, CLOGGING, YIELD, QUALITY

Fit For Service Qualification for Sour Service High Strength Production Casing For High Temperature

In recent years the application of high strength carbon steel with 125ksi specified minimum yield strength as a production casing in deepwater and high-pressure reservoirs has increased. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) can develop when high strength carbon steel is exposed to a sour environment. The H2S partial pressure in these sour reservoirs is above the 0.03 bar limit for this material at room temperature. Materials SSC performance evaluation requires an accurate simulation of field conditions in the laboratory. To evaluate the production casing SSC behavior, some fit for service (FFS) tests were carried out considering the well geothermic temperature profile for the materials selection. This paper presents a fit for service qualification carried out on Casing 125 ksi SMYS (Specified Minimum Yield Strength) materials. Two products with 125ksi SMYS were considered: one that has existed for several years and one developed more recently with a better SSC resistance – above the pH2S limit considered for the standard 125ksi SMYS material. The results obtained in this test program allowed casing 125 ksi SMYS materials selection for temperature above 65°C and environment more severe in terms of pH2S than the domain previously established for this grade. This allowed a new well production design, which saves one casing phase and avoids the necessity to use intermediate liners to prevent collapse.

UPM CP TITANIUM GRADE 4

UPM CP Titanium Grade 4 (UNS R50700) is an unalloyed commercially pure titanium. It is the strongest of the four unalloyed commercially pure (CP) titanium grades, with a minimum yield strength of 480 MPa (70 ksi). This material exhibits good ductility, moderate formability, and excellent resistance to corrosion and corrosion fatigue. It can be used in continuous service at temperatures up to 425 °C (800 °F), and in intermittent service at 540 °C (1000 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-181. Producer or source: United Performance Metals.

Incidence, yield losses and symptomatology of sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) incited by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

SSR hamper successful cultivation and causes significant yield losses globally including India. The SSR disease incidence ranged from 3.59 to 18.50 per cent in mustard growing areas of Rajasthan and Bharatpur district having the highest (18.50%) disease incidence. However, the Udaipur district had the lowest (3.59%) disease outbreak. SSR was responsible to cause 18.80 per cent overall yield losses in two consecutive years (Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18). Highest yield loss (43.82%) was observed from Bharatpur district while minimum yield loss (3.51%) had recorded from Udaipur district. Characteristics symptoms, formation of white mycelium on host stem and development of sclerotia on/inside the stem, of SSR on mustard crop were noted during survey.

REDUCTION IN WEIGHT OF HOUSING OF AXIAL MINE FAN IMPELLER WITH ROTATING BLADES

The study uses topological optimization techniques in design of the housing of an impeller meant for the increased rotational speeds in ANSYS. The objective function of the impeller optimization is the minimum yield, and the optimization parameter is assumed as the change in the interior volume of the structure under certain constraints imposed on the external geometry of the impeller. The optimization of the impeller housing shows that it is possible to reduce the weight of the power belt, and to make one web to be load-bearing and the other web to be thinner, or to switch to the impeller with one web. Moreover, the design can use some elements of a lattice structure.

Development of Low Force Shear Blades for High Strength Coiled Tubing

As coiled tubing grades have evolved over the past 20 years from 70 grade with a minimum yield strength of 483 MPa (70,000 psi) to 140 grade with a minimum yield strength of 965 MPa (140,000 psi) and wall thicknesses have increased, the resulting force required to shear coil has more than doubled. Most coiled tubing units have a maximum pressure of 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) available for the blow out preventers (BOP) hydraulic circuits. There was an industry need to develop a shear blade for BOPs that could cut high strength coiled tubing using legacy pressure control equipment already in use. Additionally, the new shear blades must create a fish that can be easily retrieved from a wellbore. Shear strength is estimated using the maximum distortion criterion (von Mises yield criterion) as follows:Shear strength/Yield strength=1√3=.577 Since the maximum distortion criterion is merely an approximation and unique blade geometries are difficult to take into consideration using the above calculation, a considerable amount of hands on lab testing was required to design and optimize an elegant shear blade for cutting high strength coiled tubing with minimal hydraulic forces. The paper will share the iterative process as novel shear blades were developed that significantly reduced shear forces. Multiple piercing tip geometries were tested, including embodiments with several piercing tips. Success criteria was reduced shear force, acceptable fish profile on the lower piece of coiled tubing, and no damage to the blades after use. The embodiment that showed the most promise, based on lab testing was further optimized to improve its performance over multiple cuts. The result was a novel shear blade that is able to cut high strength coiled tubing with 50% of the normal shear force. As the industry continues to push the limits of coiled tubing with extended reach applications thought impossible only a few years ago, higher strength coiled tubing with increased wall thicknesses will continue to evolve. The new shear blade geometry developed in this project ensures that not only can the latest grades of coiled tubing be sheared in legacy pressure control equipment, but also future grades of coiled tubing that are in development.

EXTENT OF DAMAGE OF RICE BUG (Leptocorisa Acuta) AND ITS CONTROL WITH INSECTICIDES

The rice bug, Leptocorisa acuta is one of the major and destructive pests of rice. The experiments were conducted to study on the extent of damage of rice bug, Leptocorisa acuta and to determine the efficacy of five insecticides. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications of each treatment. From the study it was found that the infestation rate was in linear progress and the hill infestation was 5.42 to 13.75%, panicle infestation was 27.27 to 54.55%, grain infestation was 4.70 to 7.58% and partial grain infestation was 1.82 to 2.58% respectively. After using different treatments, it was found that the maximum percent of infestation was observed in control and minimum was in Malathion 57 EC treated plot. The maximum no. of grain per panicle was observed in case of Malathion 57 EC (206.4), whereas the minimum was observed in Control (172.6) plot. Malathion and Neem oil showed similar effect when yield was compared while the minimum yield was observed in control treatment. The efficacy of insecticides was ranked as Malathion 57 EC > Azadiractin 2% > Chlorpyrifos 20 EC > Voliam flexi 300 SC > Imidacloprid 17.8 SL. The efficacy of all insecticides on the infestation of rice at different time intervals indicate that all the toxicity of all the products decreases with the progress of time after application. It can be recommended that Malathion 57 EC was most effective chemical in controlling rice bug.

Generalized models for unidirectional anisotropic properties of 3D printed polymers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine general models and methods for yield strength and modulus at different print orientations adequate for design purposes associated with typical fused deposition modeled (FDM) components/parts. Emphasis was placed on characterizing the impacts of anisotropy and resulting trends independent of material toward developing a method that matched the level of engineering required for current limited structural capabilities of FDM. Design/methodology/approach Tensile tests were performed with a range of unidirectional filament orientations of three different materials allowing for determination of the generalized models, which are then compared to previous findings of others. Findings Though anisotropic trends were similar to previous findings, minimum yield strength was found to be associated with filaments 75° from the loading direction resulting in a sinusoidal generalization. Modulus was found to be best approximated with an exponential decay. Resulting models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus in any orientation of FDM-printed material based on minimal testing. Originality/value This study is the widest range of angles and materials to be tested and analyzed for unidirectional FDM allowing for new trends to be identified. In line with the level of engineering required for most FDM components/parts, the resulting generalized models allow for determination of yield strength and modulus with less computation and minimal testing.

Mechanical Properties of Joints Made in Steel S1300QL Using Various Welding Methods

The article presents applications of high-strength quenched steels in various industrial sectors and the chronological development of various grades of the aforesaid steels. The research-related tests involved flat butt joints made in 7 mm thick steel grade S1300QL, welded using the following methods: TIG, A-TIG, MAG involving the use of a hard flux-cored surfacing wire, MAG method involving the use of a solid wire, T.I.M.E. method involving the use of a solid wire, laser welding method without the use of the filler metal, hybrid (HLAW) method involving the use of a metallic flux-cored wire, electron beam welding without using the filler metal. The research also involved the performance of the mechanical properties of the welded joints made in quenched steel S1300QL using various welding methods. The joints made using the laser welding method, hybrid welding method and the electron beam welding method were characterised by tensile strength higher than the minimum yield point of steel S1300QL, amounting to 1300 MPa. In turn, the tensile strength of the joints made in steel S1300QL using arc welding methods was lower than the minimum yield point of the steel. All of the test joints were subjected to non-destructive digital radiographic tests. The tests concerning the mechanical properties of the joints with respect to various welding methods were subjected to comparative analysis. The research work finished with the formulation of concluding remarks concerning the mechanical properties of the joints.