scholarly journals Textures of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets Produced by Skew Cold Rolling and Annealing

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Youliang He ◽  
Erik J. Hilinski
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Initial Texture ◽  
Skew Rolling ◽  
Skew Angles ◽  
Rolling Deformation

In order to investigate the effect of cold rolling deformation mode and initial texture on the final textures of non-oriented electrical steels, a special rolling technique, i.e., skew rolling, was utilized to cold reduce steels. This not only altered initial textures but also changed the rolling deformation mode from plane-strain compression (2D) to a more complicated 3D mode consisting of thickness reduction, strip elongation, strip width spread and bending. This 3D deformation induced significantly different cold-rolling textures from those observed with conventional rolling, especially for steels containing low (0.88 wt%) and medium (1.83 wt%) amounts of silicon at high skew angles (30° and 45°). The difference in cold-rolling texture was attributed to the change of initial texture and the high shear strain resulting from skew rolling. After annealing, significantly different recrystallization textures also formed, which did not show continuous <110>//RD (rolling direction) and <111>//ND (normal direction) fibers as commonly observed in conventionally rolled and annealed steels. At some skew angles (e.g., 15–30°), the desired <001>//ND texture was largely enhanced, while at other angles (e.g., 45°), this fiber was essentially unchanged. The formation mechanisms of the cold rolling and recrystallization textures were qualitatively discussed.

Microstructure and Texture Optimization in Fe-Si Ferritic Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 2829-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gobernado ◽  
Roumen H. Petrov ◽  
Daniel Ruiz ◽  
Elke Leunis ◽  
Leo Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Rotating Machines ◽  
Easy Magnetization ◽  
Ferromagnetic Properties ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Magnetic Applications ◽  
Rolling Deformation

The ferromagnetic properties of ferritic steels are known to strongly depend on the direction of magnetization. The <100> are the axes of spontaneous magnetic moments and hence the directions of easy magnetization. Materials displaying a <100>//ND texture are ideal not only for transformer but also for rotating machines due to their isotropic magnetic character. In the present study the potential of severe plastic rolling deformation is investigated. The cold rolling and annealing microstructures and textures are identified with increasing rolling strains to a maximum vM equivalent of 8.0. It is shown that excessive rolling reduction is capable of producing non-conventional texture components with promising potential for magnetic applications.

Effect of Ferritic Hot Rolling Process on Microstructure and Properties of IF Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
Wen Gao Chang ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Huan Yang ◽  
Zeng Qiang Man ◽  
Yun Fei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Continuous Annealing ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Coiling Temperature ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Hot Rolling Process ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

The effect of ferritic hot rolling process on microstructure and properties of Ti microalloyed IF steel was investigated. The hot rolling-coiling, cold rolling and continuous annealing processes of ferritic zone were physically simulated. The influence of thermal deformation (finishing rolling temperature, coiling temperature) on the structure, texture and forming properties of Ti-If steel was studied through tensile test, EBSD, XRD and other analytical methods. The results showed that the recrystallization occurred after hot rolling and coiling in the ferritic region. Weak α-fiber and weak γ-fiber were obtained in the central layer of hot rolling plates, and the strength of γ-fiber was higher when finished rolling at low temperature. α-fiber and weak γ-fiber were strengthened after cold rolling. After annealing, the α-fiber was weakened and the γ-fiber was strengthened, and the γ-fiber became the main texture. The larger and more uniform grain size and better mechanical properties were obtained by IF steel finished rolling and coiling at high temperature and after continuous annealing, reaching yield strength of 106 MPa, tensile strength of 297 MPa, elongation rate of 52%, n value of 0.26 and r value of 2.3. The hot rolling texture is hereditary. If the more γ-fiber is formed after hot rolling, the more γ-fiber recrystallization texture is formed after cold rolling and annealing.

Study of Texture in Ultra Fine Grained Dual Phase Steel Sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 806-809
Author(s):  
Papa Rao Mondi ◽  
R. Madhavan ◽  
V. Subramanya Sarma ◽  
S. Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Dual Phase Steel ◽  
Intercritical Annealing ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Nb Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Cold Rolled

Severe cold rolling and short intercritcal annealing is often used to produce ultra-fine grained ferrite and martensite dual phase steels. In this paper, microstructure and texture of Nb-microalloyed steel following cold rolling and short intercritical annealing is investigated. The results show that cold rolling and annealing resulted in ultra-fine grained dual phase steel consisted of polygonal ferrite in the range of ~1-2 μm in size. In cold rolled material, the texture components are γ fiber (//normal direction) and α fiber (//rolling direction). Partial recrystallization texture was observed following intercritical annealing.

scholarly journals Effect of the Strain Kind on the Texture and Microstructure of Low-Alloyed Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N. M. Shkatulyak ◽  
V. V. Usov ◽  
E. S. Savchuk ◽  
E. A. Dragomeretskaya ◽  
D. V. Bargan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Alloyed Steel ◽  
Steel Rolling ◽  
Direction Transverse ◽  
Twist Extrusion ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Low Alloyed Steel

Crystallographic texture and microstructure of low-alloyed steel after twist extrusion (TE) and subsequent cold rolling along and across the TE axis were studied. The double axial cylindrical texture with axes 110 and 100 parallel to the TE axis and the vortex-like microstructure are formed in the steel during the TE. The subsequent rolling of extruded steel along the TE axis promotes the forming of typical steel rolling texture as well as the microstructure with elongated grains in rolling direction. Typical steel rolling texture as well as the equiaxed microstructure is formed in extruded steel after rolling in the direction transverse to the TE axis. The mechanisms of formation of the texture are discussed.

Effect of Rolling Orientation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Mg Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 174-193
Author(s):  
Sultan Alzoabi ◽  
Sheng Gang Zhou ◽  
Xiao Dong Sun ◽  
Natalie Schaal ◽  
Nathan Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Az31b Alloy

The magnesium AZ31B alloy has been utilized in a variety of applications within the automotive and aviation industries due to its high specific strength, low-cost processing, and low density. However, the AZ31B alloy generally has poor ductility and limited workability at room temperature. The objective of this study was to develop a manufacturing processing technique to increase the potential uses of this alloy. The methodology includes cold rolling and annealing using small pass reductions until the samples reached a final thickness of 1.78 mm (0.07 in). The samples were cut into 10.16 mm (0.4 in), 7.62 mm (0.3 in), and 5.08 mm (0.2 in) thicknesses prior to cold rolling and were rolled in 0-, 45-, and 90-degree rolling directions. The grain shapes and sizes were examined via optical microscopy. Tensile testing was conducted to determine the strength and ductility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to evaluate fractured surfaces. All processes including rolling direction and furnace cooling or air cooling after annealing produced similar results of medium strength (245-250 MPa in ultimate strength, 122-127 MPa in yield) and greater than 22.5% elongations in very thin sheets. Samples rolled along the 45-degree direction produced the highest percent reduction in thickness.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Texture of an ELC-BH Sheet With Very High R−-Value Processed by New Technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Xiaojun ◽  
Wang Xianjin ◽  
Wu Qiulin ◽  
Hu Xiaojun
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Annealing Texture ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolling Texture ◽  
Very High

The texture of an extra low-carbon and high strength bake-hardening sheet steel (i.e. ELC-BH sheet) processed in our laboratory through a new invented technology has been investigated by means of ODF method, so that the cause of the very high r¯-value of this sheet has been discovered. Experimental results are shown as follows: ① The r¯-value of the experimental sheet treated by the new process is as high as 2.67 and this is the highest r¯-value published so far for phosphorus – added high strength and deep drawing sheet steels. At the same time, the contradiction between deep-drawability and strengthening is successfully solved too. ② A nucleus of the new technology is supplying a good cold rolled parent state which benefits to the development of {111} annealing textures through controlling texture, while strong development of {111} annealing textures can cause very high r¯-value. ③ The cold rolling and annealing texture obtained by the new technology are quite different as compared with that of conventional process. New cold rolling texture has stronger {111} components and weaker {100} components than conventiopnal cold rolling texture. The concentrations of {111} components of new annealing texture are not only distinctly general increase but also the crystal orientations corresponding to the peak values of orientation concentrations of the texture have been also changed from conventional (1¯11)[11¯2] orientations to (1¯11)[01¯1] orientations.

Texture Evolution during Cold Rolling and Annealing in Dual Phase Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 778-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Gautam ◽  
Alexis G. Miroux ◽  
Jaap Moerman ◽  
Carla Barbatti ◽  
Leo Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Dual Phase Steels ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

This paper investigates the bulk texture evolution during cold rolling and annealing of Dual Phase steels for different processing conditions, i.e. cold reduction within the reduction range of 45 to 73% and annealing at temperatures between 650 and 850°C, which includes the recovery, recrystallisation and partial phase transformation domains. Textures have been measured by X-ray diffraction. The results reveal that the rolling texture is strengthened during the recovery process or initial stage of recrystallisation while during recrystallisation a weak RD-ND type of texture appears. During subsequent phase transformation the RD-ND type of texture further weakens and later randomises as the second phase fraction increases beyond 75%.

The Studies of Texture in Cold Rolled and Annealed Sheets of Mn-Al Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Hanna J. Krztoń ◽  
Dariusz Kuc ◽  
Zofia Kania
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fcc Metals ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Cold Rolling Texture

The effect of cold rolling and annealing treatments in two temperatures, 800°C and 900°C on texture formation in duplex steel (X60MnAl30-9) was examined. Texture measurements were carried out using X-ray diffraction and Schulz reflection technique. The mechanical properties i. e. 0.2% proof stress, ultimate tensile strength and elongation were measured for each experimental conditions. It was found that ferrite was characterized by the orientations of a fibre which could be found in cold rolling state and also after the annealing in both temperatures. The weak orientations close to g fibre were observed after the annealing. The cold rolling texture of austenite was a typical texture of cold rolled fcc metals. No significant changes in texture of austenite after the annealing treatments were found.

scholarly journals Study on Grinding and Deformation Fracture Control of Cold Rolled Titanium Strip

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaming Zhang ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Entao Dong ◽  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strain ◽  
Rolling Deformation

Surface defects of titanium strip need to be removed by local grinding, but local cracking or band breaking then occurs during subsequent cold rolling. Tensile properties and deformation resistance of 3 mm thick commercially pure titanium strip with grinding pits on the surface were simulated by a finite-element method using a multi-pass cold-rolling deformation process. The stress and strain of grinding pits with depths of 0.25–2 mm were analyzed. During cold-rolling deformation, the stress and strain in the center of a grinding pit were larger than at the edge region. The strip was first subjected to tensile stress in the rolling direction, which then decreased and gradually changed to compressive stress. Partial stress was larger in the rolling direction than in the transverse direction. When the tensile stress and true strain both exceeded the stress and strain limits during second-pass rolling, the strip with a grinding depth of 2 mm cracked, but shallower grinding pits were repaired. The criterion for cracking during rolling after grinding is that the maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the pit must be less than the critical strain of the material: ln ( 1 + h / H ) ≤ ε C r . Results of numerical simulation were verified by the data for cold-rolling tests.

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