Cold Rolling Texture Prediction Using Finite Element Simulation with Zooming Analysis

Cold rolling is widely employed in the manufacturing industry for the production of metal plates. In the cold rolling process, the thickness reduction of the metal plate under the recrystallization temperature generates severe anisotropy; this influences the subsequent forming processes. Therefore, the generation and prediction of metal plate anisotropy during cold rolling is a highly interesting research topic involving upstream studies of sheet metal forming. In this study, using the finite element method with zooming analysis, we established an efficient elastic–plastic analysis method to predict the metal plate texture after cold rolling. This method for cold rolling texture prediction was confirmed by comparing the experimental and simulation results of cold rolling for an S45C plate with a body-centered cubic lattice. Further, the numerical analysis method proposed in this study can contribute to the study of anisotropy as an alternative to experimental approaches.

Prediction of Earing of Cross-Rolled Al Sheets from {h00} Pole Figures

The plastic anisotropy of rolled Al sheets is the result of a crystallographic texture. It leads to the formation of uneven cup heights during deep-drawing, which is called earing. A new, simple and rapid method had been previously developed by the authors to predict earing directly from {h00} pole figures. In the present manuscript, this method is applied to cross-rolling for the first time. 5056 type aluminum sheets were unidirectionally- (conventionally) and cross-rolled from 4 to ~1 mm thickness in 6 or 12 passes. Earing was predicted from recalculated {200} pole figures obtained after X-ray diffraction texture measurements. The results were validated by deep-drawing tests. It is shown that the proposed method predicts the type (locations of ears) and magnitude of earing with satisfactory results. However, a different scaling factor must be used to calculate the magnitude of earing for cross-rolling than for unidirectional rolling even if all other parameters (including cold rolling, texture measurements, and deep-drawing) are the same. This is because the cross-rolled sheets exhibit a similar type but weaker earing compared to the unidirectionally rolled samples.

Effect of Shear Deformation on Texture Evolution in Rolled Pure Titanium

The cold rolling texture evolution under different strain states caused by coupled effects from different combinations of roll gap geometry and friction in pure titanium with initial typical recrystallized texture has been studied using viscoplastic self-consistent simulations. Under plane strain state, the texture is dominated by a typical cold rolling fiber texture RD//<1010> in pure titanium. However, when shear deformation is induced and increased, RD//<1010> fiber texture is decreased, whereas basal texture (0001)[1010] is increased and a strong partial fiber texture RD//<2110> is formed. The variation of cold rolling texture at different strain states can be ascribed to variation of relative contribution from activation of prismatic, basal and pyramidal slip.

The Cube Recrystallization-Texture Related Component in the β-Fiber Rolling-Texture FCC Metals

The cold-rolling texture of fcc sheet metals with medium to high stacking fault energies is known to consist of the brass {011}<211>, Cu {112}<111>, Goss {011}<100>, S {123}<634>, and cube {100}<001> components. The recrystallization (Rex) texture of cold-rolled Al, Cu and their alloy sheets is well known to be the cube texture. The 40°<111> orientation relationship between the S and cube components, which has been taken as a proof of the oriented growth theory, has made one believe that the S orientation is responsible for the cube Rex texture. The oriented growth theory is claimed to be associated with grain boundary mobility anisotropy. However, some data indicate the Cu component is linked with the cube component. There is no 40°<111> orientation relationship between the Cu and cube components. The strain-energy-release-maximization model (SERM), in which the strain energy due to dislocations is importantly taken into account, suggests that the Cu and S components in the rolling texture are linked with the cube and ~{031}<100> components in the Rex texture, respectively.

The Studies of Texture in Cold Rolled and Annealed Sheets of Mn-Al Steel

The effect of cold rolling and annealing treatments in two temperatures, 800°C and 900°C on texture formation in duplex steel (X60MnAl30-9) was examined. Texture measurements were carried out using X-ray diffraction and Schulz reflection technique. The mechanical properties i. e. 0.2% proof stress, ultimate tensile strength and elongation were measured for each experimental conditions. It was found that ferrite was characterized by the orientations of a fibre which could be found in cold rolling state and also after the annealing in both temperatures. The weak orientations close to g fibre were observed after the annealing. The cold rolling texture of austenite was a typical texture of cold rolled fcc metals. No significant changes in texture of austenite after the annealing treatments were found.

Recrystallisation Behaviour of an Fe-Mn-C-Si-Al TWIP

The static recrystallisation behaviour of cold rolled and annealed TWinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels is important for its industrial production. The recrystallisation kinetics have been determined for an Fe-Mn-C-Si-Al TWIP steel using hardness measurements and microstructure analysis: it has been shown that recrystallisation progresses rapidly with increased annealing temperature. Recrystallisation was faster at higher cold reductions, and a smaller final grain size was observed at lower annealing temperatures. This indicates that the mechanism is nucleation dominated at lower temperatures; grain growth at higher temperatures appears similar for all reductions. The recrystallisation results in a crystallographic texture where the main components of the cold rolling texture are preserved in the final texture after annealing, although some randomisation was observed.