On the Use of Functionally Graded Materials to Differentiate the Effects of Surface Severe Plastic Deformation, Roughness and Chemical Composition on Cell Proliferation

Additive manufacturing allows the manufacture of parts made of functionally graded materials (FGM) with a chemical gradient. This research work underlines that the use of FGM makes it possible to study mechanical, microstructural or biological characteristics while minimizing the number of required samples. The application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on FGM brings new insights on a major question in this field: which is the most important parameter between roughness, chemistry and microstructure modification on biocompatibility? Our study demonstrates that roughness has a large impact on adhesion while microstructure refinement plays a key role during the early stage of proliferation. After several days, chemistry is the main parameter that holds sway in the proliferation stage. With this respect, we also show that niobium has a much better biocompatibility than molybdenum when alloyed with titanium.

Download Full-text

Material Design for Stress Relaxation in Artificial Hip Joint Composed of Functionally Graded Materials with Elasto-Plastic Deformation

Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD ◽

10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_561 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 (0) ◽

pp. 561-562

Author(s):

Yoshihiro SUGANO ◽

Kenji YOSHIDA ◽

Mamoru KIKUCHI ◽

Fumihito NISHIMURA

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Stress Relaxation ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Hip Joint ◽

Material Design ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Artificial Hip Joint ◽

Artificial Hip

Download Full-text

Wear behavior of microwave-processed Ni-WC8Co-based functionally graded materials

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications ◽

10.1177/1464420720988119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146442072098811

Author(s):

Sarbjeet Kaushal ◽

Dheeraj Gupta ◽

Hiralal Bhowmick

Keyword(s):

Microwave Heating ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Research Work ◽

Single Layer ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Inhomogeneous Materials ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Interfacial Cracks

Functionally graded materials are inhomogeneous materials with the gradual change in properties with position. In this research work, functionally graded clad layers of Ni-WC8Co-based materials with varying compositions of WC8Co from 0 to 30 wt% were processed using a cost-effective and energy-efficient microwave hybrid heating technique. Single-layer clads of compositions corresponding to different functionally graded clad layers were also developed through microwave heating for comparing different properties. The processed functionally graded clads were characterized through microstructural analysis (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and Vicker’s microhardness quantification. Microstructure results showed the functionally graded clad of approximately 2 mm thickness was free from any visible pores and interfacial cracks. Microwave heating resulted in the formation of hard phases in the functionally graded clad layers, and these layers exhibited significantly higher microhardness values. Further, the tribological performance of developed functionally graded clad was examined under dry sliding conditions using pin-on-disk-type tribometer. The influence of varying sliding velocities and sliding distances on the wear characteristics of microwave-processed functionally graded clads were investigated. It was observed that microwave-processed functionally graded clad exhibited approximately 95%, and 29% higher wear resistance than the SS-304 substrate and Ni + 30%WC8Co-based single-layer clad respectively owing to its better mechanical properties.

Download Full-text