Thermal Poling of Optical Fibers: A Numerical History

This review gives a perspective of the thermal poling technique throughout its chronological evolution, starting in the early 1990s when the first observation of the permanent creation of a second order non-linearity inside a bulk piece of glass was reported. We then discuss a number of significant developments in this field, focusing particular attention on working principles, numerical analysis and theoretical advances in thermal poling of optical fibers, and conclude with the most recent studies and publications by the authors. Our latest works show how in principle, optical fibers of any geometry (conventional step-index, solid core microstructured, etc) and of any length can be poled, thus creating an advanced technological platform for the realization of all-fiber quadratic non-linear photonics.

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Origin and enhancement of the second-order non-linear optical susceptibility induced in bismuth borate glasses by thermal poling

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids ◽

10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.06.004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 351 (27-29) ◽

pp. 2166-2177 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

O. Deparis ◽

F.P. Mezzapesa ◽

C. Corbari ◽

P.G. Kazansky ◽

K. Sakaguchi

Keyword(s):

Second Order ◽

Borate Glasses ◽

Bismuth Borate ◽

Thermal Poling ◽

Optical Susceptibility ◽

Non Linear ◽

Linear Optical

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Creating second-order nonlinearity in pure synthetic silica optical fibers by thermal poling

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.32.000832 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 832 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Honglin An ◽

Simon Fleming

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Second Order ◽

Thermal Poling ◽

Second Order Nonlinearity

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Thermal Poling of New Double-Hole Optical Fibers

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9112176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuilian Wang ◽

Zhenyi Chen ◽

Na Chen ◽

Wenjie Xu ◽

Qiangda Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Second Order ◽

Central Symmetry ◽

Internal Electric Field ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Thermal Poling ◽

Thermally Poled ◽

Second Order Nonlinearity

Fused silica are common fiber materials which have macroscopic central symmetry without second-order nonlinearity. Studies have shown that thermal poling of fused silica fibers can destroy this macroscopic central symmetry, resulting in second-order nonlinearity or linear electro-optical effects. In this paper, a new type of double-hole optical fiber is designed. A two-dimensional (2D) numerical model is used to simulate the movement of ions and the formation of space charge region by finite element analysis. It is found that the single round square hole structure of the new double-hole fiber promotes the thermal poling process. The effective second-order nonlinear coefficient χ eff ( 2 ) of the new double-hole poled fiber is 0.28 pm/V at the core center, which is 0.05 pm/V higher than that of the circular double-hole poled fiber. In the fiber core, the radial distribution of the internal electric field and of χ eff ( 2 ) is calculated and analyzed. The results of this paper are of great significance for the application of thermally poled fibers on nonlinear all-fiber devices.

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Parametrical Study in Non-Linear Numerical Analysis of a Coupling Beam with Steel Truss Configuration in Shear Wall System

International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE) ◽

10.15866/irece.v10i4.16813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Nursiah Chairunnisa ◽

Iman Satyarno ◽

Muslikh Muslikh ◽

Akhmad Aminullah

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Shear Wall ◽

Coupling Beam ◽

Steel Truss ◽

Non Linear ◽

Wall System

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First and Second Order Elastoplastic Analyses of Thin-Walled Metal Members using Generalized Beam Theory

10.31237/osf.io/yxc9v ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Abambres

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Cross Section ◽

Beam Theory ◽

Second Order ◽

Flow Rule ◽

Non Linear ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Shell Finite Element ◽

Generalized Beam Theory

Original Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) formulations for elastoplastic first and second order (postbuckling) analyses of thin-walled members are proposed, based on the J2 theory with associated flow rule, and valid for (i) arbitrary residual stress and geometric imperfection distributions, (ii) non-linear isotropic materials (e.g., carbon/stainless steel), and (iii) arbitrary deformation patterns (e.g., global, local, distortional, shear). The cross-section analysis is based on the formulation by Silva (2013), but adopts five types of nodal degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) – one of them (warping rotation) is an innovation of present work and allows the use of cubic polynomials (instead of linear functions) to approximate the warping profiles in each sub-plate. The formulations are validated by presenting various illustrative examples involving beams and columns characterized by several cross-section types (open, closed, (un) branched), materials (bi-linear or non-linear – e.g., stainless steel) and boundary conditions. The GBT results (equilibrium paths, stress/displacement distributions and collapse mechanisms) are validated by comparison with those obtained from shell finite element analyses. It is observed that the results are globally very similar with only 9% and 21% (1st and 2nd order) of the d.o.f. numbers required by the shell finite element models. Moreover, the GBT unique modal nature is highlighted by means of modal participation diagrams and amplitude functions, as well as analyses based on different deformation mode sets, providing an in-depth insight on the member behavioural mechanics in both elastic and inelastic regimes.

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A second-order exponential time differencing scheme for non-linear reaction-diffusion systems with dimensional splitting

Journal of Computational Physics ◽

10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 415 ◽

pp. 109490 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.O. Asante-Asamani ◽

A. Kleefeld ◽

B.A. Wade

Keyword(s):

Reaction Diffusion ◽

Second Order ◽

Exponential Time ◽

Reaction Diffusion Systems ◽

Exponential Time Differencing ◽

Diffusion Systems ◽

Dimensional Splitting ◽

Linear Reaction ◽

Non Linear

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Application of He’s homotopy perturbation method for non-linear system of second-order boundary value problems

Nonlinear Analysis Real World Applications ◽

10.1016/j.nonrwa.2008.02.032 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1912-1922 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Abbas Saadatmandi ◽

Mehdi Dehghan ◽

Ali Eftekhari

Keyword(s):

Linear System ◽

Perturbation Method ◽

Boundary Value Problems ◽

Homotopy Perturbation Method ◽

Boundary Value ◽

Second Order ◽

Homotopy Perturbation ◽

Non Linear ◽

Non Linear System

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Non-Linear Neutral Differential Equations with Damping: Oscillation of Solutions

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13020285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Saad Althobati ◽

Jehad Alzabut ◽

Omar Bazighifan

Keyword(s):

Differential Equations ◽

Oscillatory Behavior ◽

Order Equation ◽

Second Order ◽

Riccati Technique ◽

Neutral Equations ◽

Neutral Differential Equations ◽

Main Equation ◽

Non Linear ◽

Even Order

The oscillation of non-linear neutral equations contributes to many applications, such as torsional oscillations, which have been observed during earthquakes. These oscillations are generally caused by the asymmetry of the structures. The objective of this work is to establish new oscillation criteria for a class of nonlinear even-order differential equations with damping. We employ different approach based on using Riccati technique to reduce the main equation into a second order equation and then comparing with a second order equation whose oscillatory behavior is known. The new conditions complement several results in the literature. Furthermore, examining the validity of the proposed criteria has been demonstrated via particular examples.

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