scholarly journals Study on the Infection Mechanism of Penicillium Digitatum on Postharvest Citrus (Citrus Reticulata Blanco) Based on Transcriptomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiya Yang ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Solairaj Dhanasekaran ◽  
Nana Adwoa Serwah Boateng ◽  
Xueli Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Transport ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco ◽  
Pathogenic Factors

Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important pathogens known widely to cause postharvest losses of citrus. It is significant to explore its infection mechanism to improve the control technology of postharvest diseases of citrus. This research aimed to study the changes in gene expression of P. digitatum at its early stages of citrus infection by transcriptomics sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in order to explore the molecular mechanism of its infection. The results showed that genes associated with pathogenic factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes, ethylene, organic acids, and effectors, were significantly up-regulated. Concurrently, genes related to anti-oxidation and iron transport were equally up-regulated at varying degrees. From this study, we demonstrated a simple blueprint for the infection mechanism of P. digitatum in Citrus reticulata Blanco, which provided a new direction for subsequent pathological research and paves the way for developing new control strategies.

scholarly journals Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Jianghua Chen ◽  
Zihang Zhu ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Jiasen Cheng ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

Considering the huge economic loss caused by postharvest diseases, the identification and prevention of citrus postharvest diseases is vital to the citrus industry. In 2018, 16 decayed citrus fruit from four citrus varieties—Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan), Nanfeng mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. nanfengmiju), and Sugar orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)—showing soft rot and sogginess on their surfaces and covered with white mycelia were collected from storage rooms in seven provinces. The pathogens were isolated and the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested. The fungal strains were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences. The strains could infect wounded citrus fruit and cause decay within two days post inoculation, but could not infect unwounded fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of citrus fruit decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.

scholarly journals Elucidation of the Initial Growth Process and the Infection Mechanism of Penicillium digitatum on Postharvest Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qian ◽  
Qiya Yang ◽  
Qidi Zhang ◽  
Mandour H. Abdelhai ◽  
Solairaj Dhanasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Infection Mechanism

Green mold disease, a common citrus post-harvest disease caused by Penicillium digitatum, has an unresolved initial infection mechanism. Understanding the infection mechanism leads to the development of potential controls and preventive measures against the disease. The present study aimed to delineate the infection mechanism by investigating spore germination, changes of organic molecules and enzyme activity, and differential expression of genes in the P. digitatum infection. P. digitatum spore germination was observed by a pathology section scanner and it was found that in vivo germination was 3 h behind the in vitro germination. In addition, cell wall degrading enzymes and soluble sugar and titratable acid content during the infection process measured dynamically. The level of pectinase reached its maximum of 6067 U/g before 48 hpi, while cellulase increased rapidly after 48 hpi. The soluble sugar and organic acid content increased considerably with the progression of the infection. The transcriptomic profile of P. digitatum before and after infection was analyzed by RNA-seq. The genes related to cell wall degrading enzymes were significantly up-regulated and annotated to participate in two major carbon source synthesis pathways. The study delineated the initial infection mechanism of P. digitatum which eventually opened the gate way for the development of new control strategies in the future.

Pyrimethanil Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms in Penicillium digitatum

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Zhang ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Pyrimethanil is an anilinopyrimidines (AP) fungicide and highly effective in controlling green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum but has not yet been registered in China to control postharvest diseases of citrus. In the present study, baseline sensitivity of P. digitatum to pyrimethanil was established based on the effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) values of 127 isolates collected from five major citrus-growing regions of China. The distribution of these EC50 values was unimodal but with a long right tail. The mean EC50 value was 0.137 ± 0.046 μg/mL (SD), and the minimum and maximum were 0.073 and 0.436 μg/mL, respectively. Pyrimethanil in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 0.20 μg/mL decreased methionine production in the mycelia by 21.6% and reduced the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and pectinase by 9.1 and 32.8%, respectively. Twelve pyrimethanil-resistant mutants were obtained by consecutive sub-culturing of 12 arbitrarily selected sensitive isolates on pyrimethanil-amended PDA for 4 generations, and the resistance factors ranged from 69 to 3421. There was no cross-resistance between pyrimethanil and prochloraz (r = 0.377, P = 0.123). Compared with their parental isolates, pyrimethanil-resistant mutants had reduced pathogenicity to citrus fruit but higher tolerance to hydrogen peroxide. No differences were detected in tolerance to NaCl, CaCl2, Congo red, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Exogenous addition of methionine into PDA partially alleviated the toxicity of pyrimethanil to the sensitive isolates but had no significant effect on toxicity to the resistant mutants. Sequencing of cystathionine γ-synthase encoding genes CGS1 and CGS2, the potential target genes for pyrimethanil, showed that there was no nucleotide mutation in the coding region of CGS of the pyrimethanil-resistant mutants. However, the relative expression of CGS1 and CGS2 genes of the pyrimethanil-resistant mutants was reduced by 42.5 and 57.4%, respectively. These results have important implications for applications of pyrimethanil to control P. digitatum and for understanding the modes of action and resistance mechanisms of pyrimethanil.

scholarly journals Postharvest heat treatments to inhibit Penicillium digitatum growth and maintain quality of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata blanco)

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e03166
Author(s):  
Diana B. Queb-González ◽  
Aurelio Lopez-Malo ◽  
María E. Sosa-Morales ◽  
Rossana Villa-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

scholarly journals The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA to evaluate the genetic variability of Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) accessions

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helvécio Della Coletta Filho ◽  
Marcos Antonio Machado ◽  
M. Luiza P.N. Targon ◽  
Jorgino Pompeu Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco ◽  
Ponkan Mandarin

RAPD analysis of 19 Ponkan mandarin accessions was performed using 25 random primers. Of 112 amplification products selected, only 32 were polymorphic across five accessions. The absence of genetic variability among the other 14 accessions suggested that they were either clonal propagations with different local names, or that they had undetectable genetic variability, such as point mutations which cannot be detected by RAPD.

scholarly journals Development of sparse-seeded mutant kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) through budwood irradiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (65) ◽  
pp. 14562-14565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Khalil Shahid ◽  
Sattar Abdus ◽  
Zamir Roshan
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

scholarly journals Florescimento de tangerineiras 'Ponkan' (Citrus reticulata Blanco) submetidas a diferentes períodos de temperatura invernal

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Mara Vieira Lelis ◽  
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira ◽  
Dierlei dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do acúmulo de temperaturas abaixo de 20° C, sobre a floração de tangerineiras 'Ponkan' (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram formados por sete datas de transferência das mudas, mantidas a céu aberto, para a câmara de crescimento. Foram utilizadas plantas de tangerineira 'Ponkan' enxertadas sobre limoeiro 'Cravo', cultivadas em recipientes, que inicialmente foram mantidas a céu aberto. O experimento foi iniciado no dia 16-05-2007 (início do período de redução da temperatura na região) e conduzido até 17-08-2005. Quinzenalmente, quatro plantas que estavam a céu aberto foram transferidas para câmara de crescimento, com temperaturas de 27°C/20°C (dia/noite), umidade relativa de 75%, fotoperíodo de 12 horas e radiação fotossinteticamente ativa de 170 µmol m-2 s-1. Foram avaliados a data do florescimento e o número total de flores de todas as plantas. Quanto maior foi o tempo de permanência das plantas a céu aberto em temperaturas inferiores a 20° C, maiores foram a antecipação do florescimento e o número de flores produzidas.

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