scholarly journals Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Weipeng Lin ◽  
Jihui Tian ◽  
Kunzheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Genus Level

The role of biochar amendments in enhancing plant disease resistance has been well documented, but its mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, 2% biochar made from wheat straw was added to the soil of tomato infected by Ralstonia solanacearum to explore the interrelation among biochar, tomato bacterial wilt resistance, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial community and to decipher the disease suppression mechanisms from a soil microbial perspective. Biochar application significantly reduced the disease severity of bacterial wilt, increased soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, organic matter, available P, available K, pH, and electrical conductivity. Biochar treatment also increased soil acid phosphatase activity under the non-R.-solanacearum-inoculated condition. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed substantial differences in rhizosphere bacterial community structures between biochar-amended and nonamended treatments. Biochar did not influence soil microbial richness and diversity but significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in soil at the phylum level under R. solanacearum inoculation. Furthermore, biochar amendment harbored a higher abundance of Chitinophaga, Flavitalea, Adhaeribacter, Pontibacter, Pedobacter, and Ohtaekwangia at the genus level of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas at the genus level of Proteobacteria under R. solanacearum inoculation. Our findings suggest that a biochar-shifted soil bacterial community structure can favorably contribute to the resistance of tomato plants against bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Tree diversity and soil chemical properties drive the linkages between soil microbial community and ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Beugnon ◽  
Jianqing Du ◽  
Simone Cesarz ◽  
Stephanie D. Jurburg ◽  
Zhe Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractMicrobial respiration is critical for soil carbon balance and ecosystem functioning. Previous studies suggest that plant diversity influences soil microbial communities and their respiration. Yet, the linkages between tree diversity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity, and microbial functioning have rarely been explored. In this study, we measured two microbial functions (microbial physiological potential, and microbial respiration), together with microbial biomass, microbial taxonomic and functional profiles, and soil chemical properties in a tree diversity experiment in South China, to disentangle how tree diversity affects microbial respiration through the modifications of the microbial community. Our analyses show a significant positive effect of tree diversity on microbial biomass (+25% from monocultures to 24-species plots), bacterial diversity (+12%), and physiological potential (+12%). In addition, microbial biomass and physiological potential, but not microbial diversity, were identified as the key drivers of microbial respiration. Although soil chemical properties strongly modulated soil microbial community, tree diversity increased soil microbial respiration by increasing microbial biomass rather than changing microbial taxonomic or functional diversity. Overall, our findings suggest a prevalence of microbial biomass over diversity in controlling soil carbon dynamics.

scholarly journals Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Composition as Affected by Tillage Intensity Treatments in Corn-Soybean Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Shankar G. Shanmugam ◽  
Normie W. Buehring ◽  
Jon D. Prevost ◽  
William L. Kingery
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Production System ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Our understanding on the effects of tillage intensity on the soil microbial community structure and composition in crop production systems are limited. This study evaluated the soil microbial community composition and diversity under different tillage management systems in an effort to identify management practices that effectively support sustainable agriculture. We report results from a three-year study to determine the effects on changes in soil microbial diversity and composition from four tillage intensity treatments and two residue management treatments in a corn-soybean production system using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Soil samples were collected from tillage treatments at locations in the Southern Coastal Plain (Verona, Mississippi, USA) and Southern Mississippi River Alluvium (Stoneville, Mississippi, USA) for soil analysis and bacterial community characterization. Our results indicated that different tillage intensity treatments differentially changed the relative abundances of bacterial phyla. The Mantel test of correlations indicated that differences among bacterial community composition were significantly influenced by tillage regime (rM = 0.39, p ≤ 0.0001). Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index indicated greater bacterial diversity with reduction in tillage intensity for each year and study location. For both study sites, differences in tillage intensity had significant influence on the abundance of Proteobacteria. The shift in the soil bacterial community composition under different tillage systems was strongly correlated to changes in labile carbon pool in the system and how it affected the microbial metabolism. This study indicates that soil management through tillage intensity regime had a profound influence on diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in a corn-soybean production system.

scholarly journals Effects of Amendments on Soil Microbial Diversity, Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Accumulation after Assisted Phytostabilization of an Extremely Acidic Metalliferous Mine Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-xiang Yang ◽  
Bin Liao ◽  
Rong-bo Xiao ◽  
Jin-tian Li
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Soil Microbial

Current criteria for successful phytostabilization of metalliferous mine wastelands have paid much attention to soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation characteristics. However, it remains poorly understood as to how the soil microbial community responds to phytostabilization practices. To explore the effects of amendments on the microbial community after assisted phytostabilization of an extremely acidic metalliferous mine soil (pH < 3), a pot experiment was performed in which different amendments and/or combinations including lime, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and river sediment were applied. Our results showed the following: (1) The amendments significantly increased soil microbial activity and biomass C, being 2.6–4.9 and 1.9–4.1 times higher than those in the controls, respectively. (2) The activities of dehydrogenase, cellulase and urease increased by 0.9–7.5, 2.2–6.8 and 6.7–17.9 times while acid phosphatase activity decreased by 58.6%–75.1% after the application of the amendments by comparison with the controls. (3) All the amendments enhanced the nutrient status of the mine soil, with organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased by 5.7–7.8, 3.1–6.8 and 1.1–1.9 times, relative to the mine soil. In addition, there were strong positive correlations between soil microbial community parameters and nutrient factors, suggesting that they were likely to be synergistic. From an economic view, the combination of lime (25 t ha−1) and sediment from the Pearl River (30%) was optimal for functional rehabilitation of the microbial community in the extremely acidic metalliferous mine soil studied.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Cover Grass on Soil Microbial Communities in an Apple Orchard on the Loess Plateau

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Pan Wan ◽  
Ruirui He
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Given

Grass cover may improve soil environmental conditions in apple orchards. However, the mechanisms for how the soil microbial community changes after cover grass treatments are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed soil properties, microbial community diversity and composition in an apple orchard after being covered with native wild grasses for 3 years on the Loess Plateau, China. The ratios of cover grass were 0% (no cover, NC), 20% (low-intensity cover, LIC), 40% (moderate-intensity cover, MIC1), 60% (moderate-intensity cover, MIC2) and 80% (high-intensity cover, HIC). Meanwhile, the relationships between soil nutrients, cover grass properties, and microbial communities was analyzed by redundancy analysis and Pearson correlations. The results showed that cover grass altered the bacterial community composition, and significant changes at the phylum level were mainly caused by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi. Compared with NC, the abundance of Proteobacteria was lower in LIC, and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in LIC, MIC1 and MIC2, while that of Chloroflexi was higher in LIC. LIC and MIC1 were the only cover grass intensities that altered the soil fungal community composition; there were no significant differences at the phylum level. The changes in the soil microbial community at the given phyla may be related to the change in soil available nitrogen content caused by cover grass. Here, we demonstrate that cover grass changed the soil microbial community, and the changes may be attributed to the given phyla in the bacterial community; soil copiotrophic groups (e.g., Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) were found to be at lower abundance in the low-intensity cover grass.

Effects of anthropogenic degradation of an Andean temperate forest on the soil nutrients and on the diversity and function of the soil microbial community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Atenas ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun ◽  
Carolina Merino
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Degraded Grassland

&lt;p&gt;Soil microorganisms are an essential component of forest ecosystems being directly involved in the decomposition of organic matter and the mineralization of nutrients. Anthropogenic disturbances such as logging and livestock modify the structure and composition of forests and also the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities changing critical biogeochemical processes in the soil. In this research we evaluated the effect of anthropic disturbance on the soil in a degradation gradient of Andean temperate forest. This gradient comprises mature forest stands dominated by &lt;em&gt;Nothofagus dombeyii&lt;/em&gt;, secondary forests dominated by &lt;em&gt;Nothofagus alpina&lt;/em&gt; with medium degradation, a highly degraded forests dominated by &lt;em&gt;Nothofagus obliqua&lt;/em&gt; and a highly degraded grassland. We evaluate the reservoir of the main soil nutrients (TC, TN, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and the structure, diversity and functions of the soil microbial community (bacteria and fungi) via NGS-Illumina sequencing and metagenomic an&amp;#225;lisis with DADA2 pipeline in R-project. The results show a higher amount of TC, TN, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and C:N ratio in the most degraded condition (degraded grassland). There are no significant differences in the amount of TC, TN and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; along the forest degradation gradient. This reflects a C:N:P stoichiometry that tends to decrease as forest degradation increases. The soil bacteria community was mainly dominated by Phyla &lt;em&gt;Proteobacteria &lt;/em&gt;(45.35%), &lt;em&gt;Acidobacteria &lt;/em&gt;(20.73%), &lt;em&gt;Actinobacteria &lt;/em&gt;(12.59%) and &lt;em&gt;Bacteroidetes &lt;/em&gt;(7.32%). At genus level there are significant differences, &lt;em&gt;Bradyrhizobium &lt;/em&gt;has a higher relative abundance in the condition of mature forest which tends to decrease along the gradient of degradation forest. The soil fungi community was dominated by the Phyla &lt;em&gt;Ascomycota &lt;/em&gt;(42.11%), &lt;em&gt;Mortierellomycota &lt;/em&gt;(28.74%), &lt;em&gt;Basidiomycota &lt;/em&gt;(24.61%) and &lt;em&gt;Mucoromycota &lt;/em&gt;(2.06%). At genus level the condition of degraded grassland has significantly lower relative abundance of the genera &lt;em&gt;Mortierella &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Cortinarius&lt;/em&gt;. The degraded grassland soil microbial community is significantly less diverse in terms of bacteria (D' = 0.47&amp;#177;0.04) however it is significantly more diverse in terms of fungi (H' = 5.11&amp;#177;0.33).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of Metal-Rich Sludge Amendments on the Soil Microbial Community

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erland Bååth ◽  
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña ◽  
Åsa Frostegård ◽  
Colin D. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biolog System ◽  
Community Tolerance ◽  
Dose Response Effect

ABSTRACT The effects of heavy-metal-containing sewage sludge on the soil microbial community were studied in two agricultural soils of different textures, which had been contaminated separately with three predominantly single metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) at two different levels more than 20 years ago. We compared three community-based microbiological measurements, namely, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to reveal changes in species composition, the Biolog system to indicate metabolic fingerprints of microbial communities, and the thymidine incorporation technique to measure bacterial community tolerance. In the Luddington soil, bacterial community tolerance increased in all metal treatments compared to an unpolluted-sludge-treated control soil. Community tolerance to specific metals increased the most when the same metal was added to the soil; for example, tolerance to Cu increased most in Cu-polluted treatments. A dose-response effect was also evident. There were also indications of cotolerance to metals whose concentration had not been elevated by the sludge treatment. The PLFA pattern changed in all metal treatments, but the interpretation was complicated by the soil moisture content, which also affected the results. The Biolog measurements indicated similar effects of metals and moisture to the PLFA measurements, but due to high variation between replicates, no significant differences compared to the uncontaminated control were found. In the Lee Valley soil, significant increases in community tolerance were found for the high levels of Cu and Zn, while the PLFA pattern was significantly altered for the soils with high levels of Cu, Ni, and Zn. No effects on the Biolog measurements were found in this soil.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Different Forest Management Methods on Soil Microbial Communities of a Natural Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Forest in Xiaolongshan, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Wan ◽  
Gongqiao Zhang ◽  
Zhonghua Zhao ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Wenzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial

One of the aims of sustainable forest management is to preserve the diversity and resilience of ecosystems. Unfortunately, changes in the soil microbial communities after forest management remain unclear. We analyzed and compared the soil microbial community of a natural Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest after four years of four different management methods using high-throughput sequencing technology. The forest management methods were close-to-nature management (CNFM), structure-based forest management (SBFM), secondary forest comprehensive silviculture (SFCS) and unmanaged control (CK). The results showed that: (1) the soil microbial community diversity indices were not significantly different among the different management methods. (2) The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the SBFM treatment was lower than in the CK treatment, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria in the SBFM was significantly higher than that in the CK treatment. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was highest in the CNFM treatment, and that of Basidiomycota was lowest in the CNFM treatment. However, the relative abundance of dominant bacterial and fungal phyla was not significantly different in CK and SFCS. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen (AN) significantly correlated with the bacterial communities, and the available potassium (AK) was the only soil nutrient, which significantly correlated with the composition of the fungal communities. The short-term SBFM treatment altered microbial bacterial community compositions, which may be attributed to the phyla present (e.g., Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria), and the short-term CNFM treatment altered microbial fungal community compositions, which may be attributed to the phyla present (e.g., Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). Furthermore, soil nutrients could affect the dominant soil microbial communities, and its influence was greater on the bacterial community than on the fungal community.

Changes in soil microbial community structure and function following degradation in a temperate grassland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Lang Zheng ◽  
Yijun Zhou ◽  
Weiguo Sang ◽  
Jianing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Grassland Degradation ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Abstract Aims Grassland degradation represents a major challenge in grassland productivity. This process has dramatic impacts on energy flows and soil nutrient dynamics and therefore may directly or indirectly influence soil microbes residing in surface soils. Here we aim to (1) examine changes in soil microbial composition, diversity, and functionality in response to different levels of grassland degradation (i.e., non-degraded, moderately degraded and severely degraded) in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, and (2) elucidate biotic and abiotic factors that are responsible to these changes. Methods The composition structure of soil microbial community was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The functionality of bacterial communities was examined using the tool of FAPROTAX while functional guilds of fungal communities was quantified using the FUNGuild Pipeline. Important Findings Grassland degradation significantly decreased soil bacterial diversity but had no effect on fungal diversity. Belowground biomass, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were positively related to changes in diversity of bacterial community. Grassland degradation significantly increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi (from 2.48% to 8.40%), and decreased Firmicutes (from 3.62% to 1.08%) of bacterial community. Degradation also significantly increased the relative abundance of Glomeromycota (from 0.17% to 1.53%), and decreased Basidiomycota (from 19.30% to 4.83%) of fungal community. The relative abundance of pathogenic fungi (Didymella and Fusarium) decreased significantly in response to degradation. In addition, degradation had a significant impact on putative functionality of soil bacteria related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Our results suggest that soil bacterial community was more sensitive than fungal community in response to degradation in this temperate grassland.

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