scholarly journals Lactobacillus Mucosae Strain Promoted by a High-Fiber Diet in Genetic Obese Child Alleviates Lipid Metabolism and Modifies Gut Microbiota in ApoE-/- Mice on a Western Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Tianyi Jiang ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Obese Child ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Lactobacillus Mucosae ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia ◽  
Selection Of

Supplementation of probiotics is a promising gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic method for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. However, the selection of probiotic candidate strains is still empirical. Here, we obtained a human-derived strain, Lactobacillus mucosae A1, which was shown by metagenomic analysis to be promoted by a high-fiber diet and associated with the amelioration of host hyperlipidemia, and validated its effect on treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis as well as changing structure of gut microbiota in ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet. L. mucosae A1 attenuated the severe lipid accumulation in serum, liver and aortic sinus of ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet, while it also reduced the serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein content of mice, reflecting the improved metabolic endotoxemia. In addition, L. mucosae A1 shifted the gut microbiota structure of ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet, including recovering a few members of gut microbiota enhanced by the Western diet. This study not only suggests the potential of L. mucosae A1 to be a probiotic in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, but also highlights the advantage of such function-based rather than taxonomy-based strategies for the selection of candidate strains for the next generation probiotics.

scholarly journals A Soluble Fiber Diet Increases Bacteroides fragilis Group Abundance and Immunoglobulin A Production in the Gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Nakajima ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Kikuji Itoh ◽  
Takashi Kitahara ◽  
Yoshinori Takema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cytidine Deaminase ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Iga Production

ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Previous studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, the major phylum of gut microbiota together with Firmicutes, impact IgA production. However, the relative abundances of species of Bacteroidetes responsible for IgA production were not well understood. In the present study, we identified some specific Bacteroidetes species that were associated with gut IgA induction by hsp60-based profiling of species distribution among Bacteroidetes. The levels of IgA and the expression of the gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet (sHFD)-fed mice. We found that Bacteroides acidifaciens was the most abundant Bacteroidetes species in both sHFD- and normal diet-fed mice. In addition, the gut IgA levels were associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis group species such as Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens. Conversely, the ratio of B. acidifaciens to other Bacteroidetes species was reduced in insoluble high-fiber diet fed- and no-fiber diet-fed mice. To investigate whether B. acidifaciens increases IgA production, we generated B. acidifaciens monoassociated mice and found increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Collectively, soluble dietary fiber increases the ratio of gut Bacteroides fragilis group, such as B. acidifaciens, and IgA production. This might improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases. IMPORTANCE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Gut microbiota impact IgA production, but the specific species responsible for IgA production remain largely elusive. Previous studies have shown that IgA and Bacteroidetes, the major phyla of gut microbiota, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet-fed mice. We show here that the levels of IgA in the gut and the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were correlated with the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis group species such as Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens. B. acidifaciens monoassociated mice increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Soluble dietary fiber may improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Differences in Gut Microbiota Following a High-Fiber Diet During Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1562-1562
Author(s):  
Amy Herman ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Holly Hull
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Abstract Objectives To assess the effect of a high fiber diet on changes in gut microbiota and gestational weight gain. Methods Women were block randomized to a 12-week high-fiber (HF; ≥30g/day) intervention (n = 12) or usual care (n = 8). The HF group met weekly for phone counseling with a Registered Dietitian to learn ways in increase fiber intake and given HF snacks (10-12g/day) for the first six weeks. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were performed (baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks). Body weight and stool were collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Gestational weight gain was calculated by subtracting the end study body weight from baseline. Microbial composition was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V3-V4 region using MiSeq. Taxa assignment was based on 97% similarity to the Greengenes database and rarefaction were performed with QIIME2. Three measures of alpha diversity were evaluated. T-tests evaluated differences in microbial changes between groups. Pearson's correlations related relative abundance of bacteria to gestational weight gain. Results During the study, the HF group had greater fiber intake (26.1 vs 16.7g; P = 0.02), and gained less weight (5.2 vs 6.6kg; P = 0.11). For alpha diversity, the change in number of observed species and whole tree phylogenetic diversity were different between groups (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004, respectively). No between group differences for change in Shannon Index was found. Taxa from the family Veillonellaceae and genus Dialister were different between groups (P < 0.05). Differences for families Tannerellaceae and Acidaminococcaceae and genera Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium approached significance (P = 0.08-0.09). In the fiber group only, correlations between gestational weight gain and change in Bacteroides (r = -0.586, P = 0.06) and Parabacteroides (r = -0.580, P = 0.10) approached significance. Conclusions After a high-fiber intervention, pregnant women increased fiber intake and gut microbiota alpha diversity, leading to less gestational weight gain. Changes in several taxa at the family and genus level were different between the groups. A larger study is needed to further explore these relationships. Funding Sources This study was supported by a NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award.

scholarly journals High-Fiber Diet and Acetate Supplementation Change the Gut Microbiota and Prevent the Development of Hypertension and Heart Failure in Hypertensive Mice

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Z. Marques ◽  
Erin Nelson ◽  
Po-Yin Chu ◽  
Duncan Horlock ◽  
April Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

scholarly journals Gut Microbial SNPs Induced by High-Fiber Diet Dominate Nutrition Metabolism and Environmental Adaption of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Obese Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Menghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Dietary intervention is effective in human health promotion through modulation of gut microbiota. Diet can cause single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to occur in the gut microbiota, and some of these variations may lead to functional changes in human health. In this study, we performed a systematic SNP analysis based on metagenomic data collected from children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS, n = 17) and simple obese (SO) children (n = 19), who had better healthy conditions after receiving high-fiber diet intervention. We found that the intervention increased the SNP proportions of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium and decreased those of Bacteroides in all children. Besides, the PWS children had Collinsella increased and Ruminococcus decreased, whereas the SO had Blautia and Escherichia decreased. There were much more BiasSNPs in PWS than in SO (4,465 vs 303), and only 81 of them appeared in both groups, of which 78 were from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and 51 were nonsynonymous mutations. These nonsynonymous variations were mainly related to pathways of environmental adaptation and nutrition metabolism, particularly to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, dominant strains carrying BiasSNPs in all children shifted from F. prausnitzii AF32-8AC and F. prausnitzii 942/30-2 to F. prausnitzii SSTS Bg7063 and F. prausnitzii JG BgPS064 after the dietary intervention. Furthermore, although the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly by the intervention and became dominant strains responsible for nutrition metabolism, they had less BiasSNPs between the pre- and post-intervention group in comparison with Faecalibacterium. The finding of F. prausnitzii as important functional strains influenced by the intervention highlights the superiority of applying SNP analysis in studies of gut microbiota. This study provided evidence and support for the effect of dietary intervention on gut microbial SNPs, and gave some enlightenments for disease treatment.

scholarly journals Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Christensen ◽  
Henrik M Roager ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Mads F Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Weight Loss Strategy

Abstract Human gut microbiota has been suggested to play an important role in nutrition and obesity. However, formulating meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advice based on knowledge about gut microbiota remains a key challenge. A number of recent studies have found evidence that stratification of individuals according to 2 microbial enterotypes (dominance of either Prevotella or Bacteroides) may be useful in predicting responses to diets and drugs. Here, we review enterotypes in a nutritional context and discuss how enterotype stratification may be used in personalized nutrition in obesity management. Enterotypes are characterized by distinct digestive functions with preference for specific dietary substrate, resulting in short-chain fatty acids that may influence energy balance in the host. Consequently, the enterotype potentially affects the individual's ability to lose weight when following a specific diet. In short, a high-fiber diet seems to optimize weight loss among Prevotella-enterotype subjects but not among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects. In contrast, increasing bifidobacteria in the gut among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects improves metabolic parameters, suggesting that this approach can be used as an alternative weight loss strategy. Thus, enterotypes, as a pretreatment gut microbiota biomarker, have the potential to become an important tool in personalized nutrition and obesity management, although further interventions assessing their applicability are warranted.

scholarly journals High-fiber diets attenuate emphysema development via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ok Jang ◽  
Ock-Hwa Kim ◽  
Su Jung Kim ◽  
Se Hee Lee ◽  
Sunmi Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

AbstractDietary fiber functions as a prebiotic to determine the gut microbe composition. The gut microbiota influences the metabolic functions and immune responses in human health. The gut microbiota and metabolites produced by various dietary components not only modulate immunity but also impact various organs. Although recent findings have suggested that microbial dysbiosis is associated with several respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and allergy, the role of microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary nutrients with respect to pulmonary disease remains unclear. Therefore, we explored whether the gut microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary fiber components could influence a cigarette smoking (CS)-exposed emphysema model. In this study, it was demonstrated that a high-fiber diet including non-fermentable cellulose and fermentable pectin attenuated the pathological changes associated with emphysema progression and the inflammatory response in CS-exposed emphysema mice. Moreover, we observed that different types of dietary fiber could modulate the diversity of gut microbiota and differentially impacted anabolism including the generation of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and sphingolipids. Overall, the results of this study indicate that high-fiber diets play a beneficial role in the gut microbiota-metabolite modulation and substantially affect CS-exposed emphysema mice. Furthermore, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota and metabolites from a high-fiber diet in emphysema via local and systemic inflammation inhibition, which may be useful in the development of a new COPD treatment plan.

P063 A COMPREHENSIVE, MULTIOMIC DIET INTERVENTION STUDY COMPARING A LOW FAT, HIGH FIBER DIET TO AN IDEALIZED STANDARD AMERICAN DIET IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S8-S9
Author(s):  
Julia Fritsch ◽  
Alejandra Quintero ◽  
Judith Pignac-Kobinger ◽  
Luis Garces ◽  
Ana Santander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
High Fiber Diet

Abstract Background and Aims There is a lack of evidence-based dietary interventions in ulcerative colitis (UC) management. A diet high in fat and animal meat has been linked to an increased risk of UC. The aim of our study was to use a multilayered, multi-omic approach to comprehensively characterize the effect of a low fat, high fiber diet or a high fat diet in UC patients. Methods We enrolled patients with UC who were in remission or had mild disease with a flare within the last 18 months. We used a cross-over design in which patients received two dietary interventions: a low fat diet (LFD), containing 10% total calories from fat with an omega 6 to 3 ratio of below 3:1, and an idealized standard American diet (SAD), containing 35–40% total calories from fat with an omega 6 to 3 ratio of 20–30:1. Each diet was four weeks long with a two-week wash-out in between. The diet was catered and delivered to patients’ homes. Clinical symptoms, quality of life, and biochemical data were collected. Stool was collected for microbiome and metabolomic analyses. The primary endpoint was to determine adherence to a specified diet using catered meals; the secondary endpoint was to determine the clinical and subclinical effects of a low fat, high fiber diet or high fat diet in UC. Results Baseline diets varied widely but were generally lower in fiber as well as fruits and vegetables and higher in saturated fat than either of the study diets. There was a high rate of adherence to catered meals (SAD=86.68%, LFD=84.8%) with a 96.8% and 94.33% adherence to fat for SAD and LFD respectively. Patients that started in remission remained in remission (partial Mayo and sIBDQ). Following a LFD, patients saw a 20% improvement in their quality of life as measured by sIBDQ compared to their baseline. The effect of diet intervention on microbial diversity was reflected in the beta diversity with a significant increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii after LFD. CRP, sIBDQ, IL-6, and IL1β had a significant effect on overall gut microbiota composition as measured by Bray Curtis beta diversity (PERMANOVA)(P<0.007, P<0.001, P<0.021, P<0.048 respectively). The top taxa that contributes the most to this microbial variation from these clinical parameters was Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Patients following a SAD had an increase in lauric acid, myristic acid, and N-oleoyl-L-phenylalanine with an increase in omega-6 metabolism pathways. Patients following a LFD had higher glycine, alanine, and phenyllactic acid with omega 3 metabolism pathways increased after LFD. Conclusions A low fat, high fiber diet is well tolerated and did not increase biochemical markers of inflammation. Catered meals and collection of microbiome, metabolome and biochemical data may allow early stratification of diet responders.

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