scholarly journals High-fiber diets attenuate emphysema development via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ok Jang ◽  
Ock-Hwa Kim ◽  
Su Jung Kim ◽  
Se Hee Lee ◽  
Sunmi Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

AbstractDietary fiber functions as a prebiotic to determine the gut microbe composition. The gut microbiota influences the metabolic functions and immune responses in human health. The gut microbiota and metabolites produced by various dietary components not only modulate immunity but also impact various organs. Although recent findings have suggested that microbial dysbiosis is associated with several respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and allergy, the role of microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary nutrients with respect to pulmonary disease remains unclear. Therefore, we explored whether the gut microbiota and metabolites produced by dietary fiber components could influence a cigarette smoking (CS)-exposed emphysema model. In this study, it was demonstrated that a high-fiber diet including non-fermentable cellulose and fermentable pectin attenuated the pathological changes associated with emphysema progression and the inflammatory response in CS-exposed emphysema mice. Moreover, we observed that different types of dietary fiber could modulate the diversity of gut microbiota and differentially impacted anabolism including the generation of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and sphingolipids. Overall, the results of this study indicate that high-fiber diets play a beneficial role in the gut microbiota-metabolite modulation and substantially affect CS-exposed emphysema mice. Furthermore, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota and metabolites from a high-fiber diet in emphysema via local and systemic inflammation inhibition, which may be useful in the development of a new COPD treatment plan.

scholarly journals Microbial enterotypes in personalized nutrition and obesity management

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Christensen ◽  
Henrik M Roager ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Mads F Hjorth
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Weight Loss Strategy

Abstract Human gut microbiota has been suggested to play an important role in nutrition and obesity. However, formulating meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advice based on knowledge about gut microbiota remains a key challenge. A number of recent studies have found evidence that stratification of individuals according to 2 microbial enterotypes (dominance of either Prevotella or Bacteroides) may be useful in predicting responses to diets and drugs. Here, we review enterotypes in a nutritional context and discuss how enterotype stratification may be used in personalized nutrition in obesity management. Enterotypes are characterized by distinct digestive functions with preference for specific dietary substrate, resulting in short-chain fatty acids that may influence energy balance in the host. Consequently, the enterotype potentially affects the individual's ability to lose weight when following a specific diet. In short, a high-fiber diet seems to optimize weight loss among Prevotella-enterotype subjects but not among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects. In contrast, increasing bifidobacteria in the gut among Bacteroides-enterotype subjects improves metabolic parameters, suggesting that this approach can be used as an alternative weight loss strategy. Thus, enterotypes, as a pretreatment gut microbiota biomarker, have the potential to become an important tool in personalized nutrition and obesity management, although further interventions assessing their applicability are warranted.

Effects of dietary fiber and diet diversity on digestive organs of captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Patrick Kehoe ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Ray T. Alisauskas
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Fiber Plant ◽  
High Fiber Diet

We studied the effects of dietary fiber, of plant versus animal diets, and of diet diversity on the digestive organ morphology of captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Four experimental diets were used: whole corn (low fiber, plant), trout chow (low fiber, primarily animal), rabbit chow (high fiber, plant), and a diverse diet consisting of each of the preceding diets fed daily in random order. Every 5 days for 25 days, we sampled birds from each diet group (N = 6–8) and weighed each bird and its abdominal fat, gizzard, ceca, small intestine, and liver, and then measured its ceca and small intestine length. Other than differences explained by their different body sizes, the sex of the birds had no effect on gut measurements. Changes in body weight and abdominal fat weight suggested that Mallards existed equally well on each of the four diets, presumably because changes in their digestive organs allowed them to have similar digestive efficiencies when eating different diets. Birds on the high fiber diet had the largest digestive organs, but birds on all diets showed changes in digestive organs. The diverse diet produced effects on digestive organ morphology similar to those of the two low-fibre diets. Except for a larger gizzard for macerating corn in birds on that diet, there was no difference in the digestive organs between birds eating animal foods and those eating low fiber plant foods. The maximum weight of gizzard, intestine, and ceca of birds on the high fiber diet was reached in 10 days. However, ceca and intestine lengths of these birds were still increasing after 25 days. This observation suggests that birds can continue to respond to a change in diet after limits to the mass of their digestive organs have been reached.

scholarly journals Effects of Altered Dietary Fiber on the Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cecum of Chickens during Different Growth Periods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baosheng Sun ◽  
Linyue Hou ◽  
Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
And Function

Increasing numbers of researchers are interested in the importance of dietary fiber for the gut microbiota, microbiotal metabolite SCFA, energy metabolism and gut health of the host. However, studies have demonstrated that long-term and longitudinal observation may be needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better, and few such works have been made in chickens. Therefore, we successively fed low-fiber, high--fiber and low-fiber diets to two breeds of chickens during different growth periods (1—8, 9—20 and 21—50 weeks), aiming to longitudinally observe the long-term effect of altered dietary fiber on the gut microbiota, SCFA and development of cecum of chickens with age. The results showed that the composition and function of the gut microbiota, SCFA and the development of the cecum were different during different periods, which was largly affected by dietary fiber. However, the causes of some effects were different during the different periods. For example, compared with that in low-fiber chickens at 8 weeks, dominant fiber-degradation bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Alloprevotella and SCFA-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium increased due to a high-fiber diet at 20 weeks, while due to a high feed intake in 50 weeks. Moreover, the concentration of SCFA in 20 weeks was significantly higher than in 8 weeks and 50 weeks, but the causes of this difference were also distinct. It was proposed that a long-term observation was needed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber better on chickens. The metabolite pathways of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters encoded by Firmicutes were enriched in 8 weeks, while a two-component system and β–glucosidase encoded by Bacteroidetes were enriched in 20 and 50 weeks. The trend was the same in two breeds of chickens except for Alloprevotella. In addition, the total content of SCFA in the contents of cecum was also affected by the size of the cecum. Surprisingly, the length of the cecum shortened from 20—50 weeks, maybe due to reduced dietary fiber.

scholarly journals A Soluble Fiber Diet Increases Bacteroides fragilis Group Abundance and Immunoglobulin A Production in the Gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Nakajima ◽  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
Kikuji Itoh ◽  
Takashi Kitahara ◽  
Yoshinori Takema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cytidine Deaminase ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
Iga Production

ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Previous studies have shown that Bacteroidetes, the major phylum of gut microbiota together with Firmicutes, impact IgA production. However, the relative abundances of species of Bacteroidetes responsible for IgA production were not well understood. In the present study, we identified some specific Bacteroidetes species that were associated with gut IgA induction by hsp60-based profiling of species distribution among Bacteroidetes. The levels of IgA and the expression of the gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet (sHFD)-fed mice. We found that Bacteroides acidifaciens was the most abundant Bacteroidetes species in both sHFD- and normal diet-fed mice. In addition, the gut IgA levels were associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis group species such as Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens. Conversely, the ratio of B. acidifaciens to other Bacteroidetes species was reduced in insoluble high-fiber diet fed- and no-fiber diet-fed mice. To investigate whether B. acidifaciens increases IgA production, we generated B. acidifaciens monoassociated mice and found increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Collectively, soluble dietary fiber increases the ratio of gut Bacteroides fragilis group, such as B. acidifaciens, and IgA production. This might improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases. IMPORTANCE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Gut microbiota impact IgA production, but the specific species responsible for IgA production remain largely elusive. Previous studies have shown that IgA and Bacteroidetes, the major phyla of gut microbiota, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet-fed mice. We show here that the levels of IgA in the gut and the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were correlated with the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis group species such as Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens. B. acidifaciens monoassociated mice increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Soluble dietary fiber may improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Do colonic short-chain fatty acids contribute to the long-term adaptation of blood lipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming a high-fiber diet?

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas MS Wolever ◽  
Katrin B Schrade ◽  
Janet A Vogt ◽  
Elizabeth B Tsihlias ◽  
Michael I McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG. Methods: Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed. A p-value is reported for the primary analysis only. For all other comparisons, Cohen’s d is reported to indicate effect size. Results: The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers (p=0.13). During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (d=1.3). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; d=1.8), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods. Conclusion: The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG.Methods Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed.Results The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers. During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (p<0.05). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight, though non-significant (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; p=0.32), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy through Short-Chain Fatty Acid–Mediated Activation of G Protein–Coupled Receptors GPR43 and GPR109A

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Xiaochen Chen ◽  
Tony K. Kwan ◽  
Yik Wen Loh ◽  
Julian Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
G Protein Coupled

BackgroundStudies have reported “dysbiotic” changes to gut microbiota, such as depletion of gut bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through gut fermentation of fiber, in CKD and diabetes. Dietary fiber is associated with decreased inflammation and mortality in CKD, and SCFAs have been proposed to mediate this effect.MethodsTo explore dietary fiber’s effect on development of experimental diabetic nephropathy, we used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in wild-type C57BL/6 and knockout mice lacking the genes encoding G protein–coupled receptors GPR43 or GPR109A. Diabetic mice were randomized to high-fiber, normal chow, or zero-fiber diets, or SCFAs in drinking water. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic profiling and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to assess the gut microbiome.ResultsDiabetic mice fed a high-fiber diet were significantly less likely to develop diabetic nephropathy, exhibiting less albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte injury, and interstitial fibrosis compared with diabetic controls fed normal chow or a zero-fiber diet. Fiber beneficially reshaped gut microbial ecology and improved dysbiosis, promoting expansion of SCFA-producing bacteria of the genera Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, which increased fecal and systemic SCFA concentrations. Fiber reduced expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and fibrosis-promoting proteins in diabetic kidneys. SCFA-treated diabetic mice were protected from nephropathy, but not in the absence of GPR43 or GPR109A. In vitro, SCFAs modulated inflammation in renal tubular cells and podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions.ConclusionsDietary fiber protects against diabetic nephropathy through modulation of the gut microbiota, enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria, and increased SCFA production. GPR43 and GPR109A are critical to SCFA-mediated protection against this condition. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota warrant further investigation as a novel renoprotective therapy in diabetic nephropathy.

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