scholarly journals The Responses to Long-Term Water Addition of Soil Bacterial, Archaeal, and Fungal Communities in A Desert Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xiaotian Xu ◽  
Junjun Ding ◽  
Fang Bao ◽  
Yashika G. De De Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The response of microbial communities to continual and prolonged water exposure provides useful insight when facing global climate changes that cause increased and uneven precipitation and extreme rainfall events. In this study, we investigated an in situ manipulative experiment with four levels of water exposure (ambient precipitation +0%, +25%, +50%, and +100% of local annual mean precipitation) in a desert ecosystem of China. After 9 years of water addition, Illumina sequencing was used to analyze taxonomic compositions of the soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. The results showed significant increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at higher amended precipitation levels, with the highest values reported at 100% precipitation. Furthermore, an increase in the bacterial species richness was observed along the water addition gradient. In addition, the relative abundance of several bacterial phyla, such as Proteobacteria, significantly increased, whereas that of some drought-tolerant taxa, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, decreased. In addition, the phyla Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae, associated with nitrification, positively responded to increased precipitation. Archaeal diversity significantly reduced under 100% treatment, with changes in the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota being the main contributors to shifts in the archaeal community. The fungal community composition was stable in response to water addition. Results from the Mantel test and structural equation models suggested that bacterial and archaeal communities reacted contrastingly to water addition. Bacterial community composition was directly affected by changing soil moisture and temperature, while archaeal community composition was indirectly affected by changing nitrogen availability. These findings highlight the importance of soil moisture and nitrogen in driving microbial responses to long-term precipitation changes in the desert ecosystem.

scholarly journals Soil bacterial and fungal communities of six bahiagrass cultivars

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Beule ◽  
Ko-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chih-Ming Hsu ◽  
Cheryl Mackowiak ◽  
Jose C.B. Dubeux Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

BackgroundCultivars of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatumFlüggé) are widely used for pasture in the Southeastern USA. Soil microbial communities are unexplored in bahiagrass and they may be cultivar-dependent, as previously proven for other grass species. Understanding the influence of cultivar selection on soil microbial communities is crucial as microbiome taxa have repeatedly been shown to be directly linked to plant performance.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether different bahiagrass cultivars interactively influence soil bacterial and fungal communities.MethodsSix bahiagrass cultivars (‘Argentine’, ‘Pensacola’, ‘Sand Mountain’, ‘Tifton 9’, ‘TifQuik’, and ‘UF-Riata’) were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replicate plots of 4.6 × 1.8 m per cultivar in a Rhodic Kandiudults soil in Northwest Florida, USA. Three soil subsamples per replicate plot were randomly collected. Soil DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and fungal ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 genes were amplified and sequenced with one Illumina Miseq Nano.ResultsThe soil bacterial and fungal community across bahiagrass cultivars showed similarities with communities recovered from other grassland ecosystems. Few differences in community composition and diversity of soil bacteria among cultivars were detected; none were detected for soil fungi. The relative abundance of sequences assigned to nitrite-oxidizingNitrospirawas greater under ‘Sand Mountain’ than ‘UF-Riata’. Indicator species analysis revealed that several bacterial and fungal indicators associated with either a single cultivar or a combination of cultivars are likely to be plant pathogens or antagonists.ConclusionsOur results suggest a low impact of plant cultivar choice on the soil bacterial community composition, whereas the soil fungal community was unaffected. Shifts in the relative abundance ofNitrospiramembers in response to cultivar choice may have implications for soil N dynamics. The cultivars associated with presumptive plant pathogens or antagonists indicates that the ability of bahiagrass to control plant pathogens may be cultivar-dependent, however, physiological studies on plant-microbe interactions are required to confirm this presumption. We therefore suggest that future studies should explore the potential of different bahiagrass cultivars on plant pathogen control, particularly in sod-based crop rotation.

Responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to the long-term monoculture of grapevine

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (18) ◽  
pp. 7035-7050
Author(s):  
Qianwen Liu ◽  
Shixi Wang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Jun Qiao ◽  
Yinshan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial

scholarly journals Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Exhibit Distinct Long-Term Responses to Disturbance in Temperate Forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Osburn ◽  
Steven G. McBride ◽  
Frank O. Aylward ◽  
Brian D. Badgley ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial

scholarly journals Inconsistent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition during short-term incubation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Background Soil aggregate-size classes and microbial communities within the aggregates are important factors regulating the soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. However, the response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition in different aggregate-size classes is poorly understand. Methods Soil samples from un-grazed natural grassland were separated into four dry aggregate classes of different sizes (2–4 mm, 1–2 mm, 0.25–1 mm and <0.25 mm). Two types of plant litter (leaf and stem) of Leymus chinensis were added to each of the four aggregate class samples. The CO2 release rate, SOC storage and soil microbial communities were measured at the end of the 56-day incubation. Results The results showed that the 1–2 mm aggregate had the highest bacterial Shannon and CO2 release in CK and leaf addition treatments, and the SOC in the <0.25 mm aggregate was higher than that in the others across the treatments. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was higher in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates in the treatment without litter addition, and the relative abundance of Aphelidiomycota was lower in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates. Also, litter addition increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Aphelidiomycota increased by more than 10% following leaf litter addition. The bacterial Shannon index had a significantly positive and direct effect on SOC concentration and CO2 release, while the fungal Shannon index was significantly correlated with SOC concentration. Our results indicate that the soil bacterial diversity contributes positively to both carbon emissions and carbon storage, whereas soil fungal diversity can promote carbon storage and decrease carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Long-term nutrient enrichment of an oligotroph-dominated wetland increases bacterial diversity in bulk soils and plant rhizospheres

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina B. Bledsoe ◽  
Carol Goodwillie ◽  
Ariane L. Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Soil Bacterial

ABSTRACTIn nutrient-limited conditions, plants rely on rhizosphere microbial members to facilitate nutrient acquisition, and in return plants provide carbon resources to these root-associated microorganisms. However, atmospheric nutrient deposition can affect plant-microbe relationships by changing soil bacterial composition and by reducing cooperation between microbial taxa and plants. To examine how long-term nutrient addition shapes rhizosphere community composition, we compared traits associated with bacterial (fast growing copiotrophs, slow growing oligotrophs) and plant (C3 forb, C4 grass) communities residing in a nutrient poor wetland ecosystem. Results revealed that oligotrophic taxa dominated soil bacterial communities and that fertilization increased the presence of oligotrophs in bulk and rhizosphere communities. Additionally, bacterial species diversity was greatest in fertilized soils, particularly in bulk soils. Nutrient enrichment (fertilized vs. unfertilized) and plant association (bulk vs. rhizosphere) determined bacterial community composition; bacterial community structure associated with plant functional group (grass vs. forb) was similar within treatments but differed between fertilization treatments. The core forb microbiome consisted of 602 unique taxa, and the core grass microbiome consisted of 372 unique taxa. Forb rhizospheres were enriched in potentially disease suppressive bacterial taxa and grass rhizospheres were enriched in bacterial taxa associated with complex carbon decomposition. Results from this study demonstrate that fertilization serves as a strong environmental filter on the soil microbiome, which leads to distinct rhizosphere communities and can shift plant effects on the rhizosphere microbiome. These taxonomic shifts within plant rhizospheres could have implications for plant health and ecosystem functions associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling.ImportanceOver the last century, humans have substantially altered nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Use of synthetic fertilizer and burning of fossil fuels and biomass have increased nitrogen and phosphorous deposition, which results in unintended fertilization of historically low-nutrient ecosystems. With increased nutrient availability, plant biodiversity is expected to decline and bacterial communities are anticipated to increase in abundance of copiotrophic taxa. Here, we address how bacterial communities associated with different plant functional types (forb, grass) shift due to long-term nutrient enrichment. Unlike other studies, results revealed an increase in bacterial diversity, particularly, of oligotrophic bacteria in fertilized plots. We observed that nutrient addition strongly determines forb and grass rhizosphere composition, which could indicate different metabolic preferences in the bacterial communities. This study highlights how long-term fertilization of oligotroph-dominated wetlands could alter the metabolism of rhizosphere bacterial communities in unexpected ways.

scholarly journals Vegetation responses to 26 years of warming at Latnjajaure Field Station, northern Sweden.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Scharn ◽  
Cole G. Brachmann ◽  
Aurora Patchett ◽  
Heather Reese ◽  
Anne Bjorkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Tussock Tundra ◽  
Evergreen Shrubs

Climate change is rapidly warming high latitude and high elevation regions influencing plant community composition. Changes in vegetation composition have motivated the coordination of ecological monitoring networks across the Arctic, including the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). We have established a long-term passive warming experiment using open-top chambers, which includes five distinct plant communities (Dry Heath; Tussock Tundra; and Dry, Mesic, and Wet Meadow). We have measured changes in plant community composition based on relative abundance differences over 26 years. In addition, relative abundance changes in response to fertilization and warming treatments were analysed based on a 7-year Community-Level Interaction Program (CLIP) experiment. The communities had distinct soil moisture conditions, leading to community specific responses of the plant growth forms (deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, forbs and graminoids). Warming significantly affected growth forms, but the direction of the response was not consistent across the communities. Evidence of shrub expansion was found in nearly all communities, with soil moisture determining whether it was driven by deciduous or evergreen shrubs. Graminoids increased in relative abundance in the Dry Meadow due to warming. Growth form responses to warming are likely mediated by edaphic characteristics of the communities and their interactions with climate.

scholarly journals Tundra Type Drives Distinct Trajectories of Functional and Taxonomic Composition of Arctic Fungal Communities in Response to Climate Change – Results From Long-Term Experimental Summer Warming and Increased Snow Depth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Geml ◽  
Luis N. Morgado ◽  
Tatiana A. Semenova-Nelsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Summer Warming ◽  
Edaphic Variables

The arctic tundra is undergoing climate-driven changes and there are serious concerns related to the future of arctic biodiversity and altered ecological processes under possible climate change scenarios. Arctic land surface temperatures and precipitation are predicted to increase further, likely causing major transformation in terrestrial ecosystems. As a response to increasing temperatures, shifts in vegetation and soil fungal communities have already been observed. Little is known, however, how long-term experimental warming coupled with increased snow depth influence the trajectories of soil fungal communities in different tundra types. We compared edaphic variables and fungal community composition in experimental plots simulating the expected increase in summer warming and winter snow depth, based on DNA metabarcoding data. Fungal communities in the sampled dry and moist acidic tundra communities differed greatly, with tundra type explaining ca. one-third of compositional variation. Furthermore, dry and moist tundra appear to have different trajectories in response to climate change. Specifically, while both warming and increased snow depth had significant effects on fungal community composition and edaphic variables in dry tundra, the effect of increased snow was greater. However, in moist tundra, fungal communities mainly were affected by summer warming, while increased snow depth had a smaller effect and only on some functional groups. In dry tundra, microorganisms generally are limited by moisture in the summer and extremely low temperatures in winter, which is in agreement with the stronger effect of increased snow depth relative to warming. On the contrary, moist tundra soils generally are saturated with water, remain cold year-round and show relatively small seasonal fluctuations in temperature. The greater observed effect of warming on fungi in moist tundra may be explained by the narrower temperature optimum compared to those in dry tundra.

scholarly journals Long-Term Nutrient Enrichment of an Oligotroph-Dominated Wetland Increases Bacterial Diversity in Bulk Soils and Plant Rhizospheres

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina B. Bledsoe ◽  
Carol Goodwillie ◽  
Ariane L. Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Core ◽  
Soil Bacterial

ABSTRACT In nutrient-limited conditions, plants rely on rhizosphere microbial members to facilitate nutrient acquisition, and in return, plants provide carbon resources to these root-associated microorganisms. However, atmospheric nutrient deposition can affect plant-microbe relationships by changing soil bacterial composition and by reducing cooperation between microbial taxa and plants. To examine how long-term nutrient addition shapes rhizosphere community composition, we compared traits associated with bacterial (fast-growing copiotrophs, slow-growing oligotrophs) and plant (C3 forb, C4 grass) communities residing in a nutrient-poor wetland ecosystem. Results revealed that oligotrophic taxa dominated soil bacterial communities and that fertilization increased the presence of oligotrophs in bulk and rhizosphere communities. Additionally, bacterial species diversity was greatest in fertilized soils, particularly in bulk soils. Nutrient enrichment (fertilized versus unfertilized) and plant association (bulk versus rhizosphere) determined bacterial community composition; bacterial community structure associated with plant functional group (grass versus forb) was similar within treatments but differed between fertilization treatments. The core forb microbiome consisted of 602 unique taxa, and the core grass microbiome consisted of 372 unique taxa. Forb rhizospheres were enriched in potentially disease-suppressive bacterial taxa, and grass rhizospheres were enriched in bacterial taxa associated with complex carbon decomposition. Results from this study demonstrate that fertilization serves as a strong environmental filter on the soil microbiome, which leads to distinct rhizosphere communities and can shift plant effects on the rhizosphere microbiome. These taxonomic shifts within plant rhizospheres could have implications for plant health and ecosystem functions associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling. IMPORTANCE Over the last century, humans have substantially altered nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Use of synthetic fertilizer and burning of fossil fuels and biomass have increased nitrogen and phosphorus deposition, which results in unintended fertilization of historically low-nutrient ecosystems. With increased nutrient availability, plant biodiversity is expected to decline, and the abundance of copiotrophic taxa is anticipated to increase in bacterial communities. Here, we address how bacterial communities associated with different plant functional types (forb, grass) shift due to long-term nutrient enrichment. Unlike other studies, results revealed an increase in bacterial diversity, particularly of oligotrophic bacteria in fertilized plots. We observed that nutrient addition strongly determines forb and grass rhizosphere composition, which could indicate different metabolic preferences in the bacterial communities. This study highlights how long-term fertilization of oligotroph-dominated wetlands could alter diversity and metabolism of rhizosphere bacterial communities in unexpected ways.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Microbial Regulation of Methane Fluxes in a Poplar Plantation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Huili Feng ◽  
Jiahuan Guo ◽  
Saadatullah Malghani ◽  
Menghua Han ◽  
Penghe Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Moisture Increase

Improved mechanistic understanding of soil methane (CH4) exchange responses to shifts in soil moisture and temperature in forest ecosystems is pivotal to reducing uncertainty in estimates of the soil-atmospheric CH4 budget under climate change. We investigated the mechanism behind the effects of soil moisture and temperature shifts on soil CH4 fluxes under laboratory conditions. Soils from the Huai River Basin in China, an area that experiences frequent hydrological shifts, were sampled from two consecutive depths (0–20 and 20–50 cm) and incubated for 2 weeks under different combinations of soil moisture and temperature. Soils from both depths showed an increase in soil moisture and temperature-dependent cumulative CH4 fluxes. CH4 production rates incubated in different moisture and temperature in surface soil ranged from 1.27 to 2.18 ng g−1 d−1, and that of subsurface soil ranged from 1.18 to 2.34 ng g−1 d−1. The Q10 range for soil CH4 efflux rates was 1.04–1.37. For surface soils, the relative abundance and diversity of methanotrophs decreased with moisture increase when incubated at 5 °C, while it increased with moisture increase when incubated at 15 and 30 °C. For subsurface soils, the relative abundance and diversity of methanotrophs in all samples decreased with moisture increase. However, there was no significant difference in the diversity of methanogens between the two soil depths, while the relative abundance of methanogens in both depths soils increased with temperature increase when incubated at 150% water-filled pore space (WFPS). Microbial community composition exhibited large variations in post incubation samples except for one treatment based on the surface soils incubated at 15 °C, which showed a decrease in the total and unique species number of methanotrophs with moisture increase. In contrast, the unique species number of methanogens in surface soils increased with moisture increase. The analysis of distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), NO3−-N, and NH4+-N mainly performed a significant effect on methanotrophs community composition when incubated at 60% WFPS, while they performed a significant effect on methanogens community composition when incubated at 150% WFPS. Overall, our findings emphasized the vital function of soil hydrology in triggering CH4 efflux from subtropical plantation forest soils under future climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document