scholarly journals Preservation of Underground Microbial Diversity in Ancient Subsurface Deposits (>6 Ma) of the Rio Tinto Basement

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
David C. Fernández-Remolar ◽  
David Gómez-Ortiz ◽  
Per Malmberg ◽  
Ting Huang ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Activity Product ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Río Tinto

The drilling of the Rio Tinto basement has provided evidence of an underground microbial community primarily sustained by the Fe and S metabolism through the biooxidation of pyrite orebodies. Although the gossan is the microbial activity product, which dates back to the Oligocene (25 Ma), no molecular evidence of such activity in the past has been reported yet. A Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) molecular analysis of a subsurface sample in the Peña de Hierro basement has provided novel data of the ancient underground microbial community. It shows that the microbial remains are preserved in a mineral matrix composed of laminated Fe-oxysulfates and K- and Na-bearing sulfates alternating with secondary silica. In such a mineral substrate, the biomolecule traces are found in five different microstructure associations, (1) <15 micron-sized nodular microstructures composed of POn(2≤n≤4)−, (2) <30 micron-size micronodules containing fatty acids, acylglycerides, and alkanol chains, (3) <20 micro-sized nodules containing NOn−(2≤n≤3) ions, (4) 40-micron size nodules with NH4+ and traces of peptides, and (5) >200-micron thick layer with N-bearing adducts, and sphingolipid and/or peptide traces. It suggests the mineralization of at least five microbial preserved entities with different metabolic capabilities, including: (1) Acidiphilium/Tessaracoccus-like phosphate mineralizers, (2) microbial patches preserving phosphate-free acylglycerides bacteria, (3) nitrogen oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Acidovorax sp.), (4) traces of heterotrophic ammonifying bacteria, and (5) sphingolipid bearing bacteria (e.g., Sphingomonadales, and δ-Proteobacteria) and/or mineralized biofilms. The primary biooxidation process acted as a preservation mechanism to release the inorganic ions that ultimately mineralized the microbial structures.

scholarly journals Contrasting Microbial Community Assembly Hypotheses: A Reconciling Tale from the Río Tinto

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Palacios ◽  
Erik Zettler ◽  
Ricardo Amils ◽  
Linda Amaral-Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly ◽  
Río Tinto

scholarly journals Unveiling microbial preservation under hyperacidic and oxidizing conditions in the Oligocene Rio Tinto deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Fernández-Remolar ◽  
Daniel Carrizo ◽  
Mourad Harir ◽  
Ting Huang ◽  
Ricardo Amils ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Río Tinto ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractThe preservation of biosignatures on Mars is largely associated with extensive deposits of clays formed under mild early Noachian conditions (> 3.9 Ga). They were followed by widespread precipitation of acidic sulfates considered adverse for biomolecule preservation. In this paper, an exhaustive mass spectrometry investigation of ferric subsurface materials in the Rio Tinto gossan deposit (~ 25 Ma) provides evidence of well-preserved molecular biosignatures under oxidative and acidic conditions. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) analysis shows a direct association between physical-templating biological structures and molecular biosignatures. This relation implies that the quality of molecular preservation is exceptional and provides information on microbial life formerly operating in the shallow regions of the Rio Tinto subsurface. Consequently, low-pH oxidative environments on Mars could also record molecular information about ancient life in the same way as the Noachian clay-rich deposits.

scholarly journals Microbial community structure across the tree of life in the extreme Río Tinto

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A Amaral-Zettler ◽  
Erik R Zettler ◽  
Susanna M Theroux ◽  
Carmen Palacios ◽  
Angeles Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Río Tinto

Biogeochemical Niches of Fe-cycling Communities Influencing Heavy Metal Transport Along the Rio Tinto, Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Abramov ◽  
Daniel Straub ◽  
Julian Tejada ◽  
Lars Grimm ◽  
Franziska Schädler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Estuarine Water ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Río Tinto

In the mining-impacted Rio Tinto, Spain, Fe-cycling microorganisms influence the transport of heavy metals (HMs) into the Atlantic Ocean. However, it remains largely unknown how spatial and temporal hydrogeochemical gradients along the Rio Tinto shape the composition of Fe-cycling microbial communities and how this in turn affects HM mobility. Using a combination of DNA- and RNA-based 16S rRNA (gene) amplicon sequencing and hydrogeochemical analyses, we explored the impact of pH, Fe(III), Fe(II) and Cl - on Fe-cycling microorganisms. We showed that the water column at the acidic (pH 2.2) middle course of the river was colonized by Fe(II) oxidizers affiliating with Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum. At the upper estuary, daily fluctuations of pH (2.7-3.7) and Cl - (6.9-16.6 g/L) contributed to the establishment of a unique microbial community, including Fe(II) oxidizers belonging to Acidihalobacter , Marinobacter and Mariprofundus identified at this site. Furthermore, DNA- and RNA-based profiles of the benthic community suggested that acidophilic and neutrophilic Fe(II) oxidizers (e.g., Acidihalobacter , Marinobacter and Mariprofundus ), Fe(III) reducers (e.g., Thermoanaerobaculum ) and sulfate-reducing bacteria drive the Fe cycle in the estuarine sediments. RNA-based relative abundances of Leptospirillum at the middle course as well as abundances of Acidohalobacter and Mariprofundus at the upper estuary were higher, compared to DNA-based results, suggesting potentially higher level of activity of these taxa. Based on our findings, we propose a model of how tidal water affects the composition and activity of the Fe-cycling taxa, playing an important role in the transport of HMs (e.g., As, Cd, Cr and Pb) along the Rio Tinto. Importance The estuary of the Rio Tinto is a unique environment in which extremely acidic, heavy metal- and especially iron-rich river water is mixed with seawater. Due to the mixing events, the estuarine water is characterized by a low pH, almost sea water salinity and high concentrations of bioavailable iron. The unusual hydrogeochemistry maintains unique microbial communities in the estuarine water and in the sediment. These communities include halotolerant iron-oxidizing microorganisms which typically inhabit acidic saline environments and marine iron-oxidizing microorganisms, which, in opposite, are not typically found in acidic environments. Furthermore, highly saline estuarine water favored the prosperity of acidophilic heterotrophs, typically inhabiting brackish and saline environments. The Rio Tinto estuarine sediment harbored a diverse microbial community with both, acidophilic and neutrophilic members that can mediate the iron cycle, and in turn, can directly impact the mobility and transport of heavy metals in the Rio Tinto estuary.

RIO TINTO ALLOY 242.2

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Permanent Mold ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Permanent Mold Castings ◽  
Río Tinto

Abstract Rio Tinto Alloy 242.2 is a heat-treatable, aluminum-copper-magnesium-nickel casting alloy. It is available in the form of ingots to be remelted for the manufacture of sand and permanent mold castings. Alloy 242.0 is used extensively for applications requiring high strength and hardness at elevated temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-463. Producer or source: Rio Tinto Limited.

scholarly journals Tratamento preservativo da madeira juvenil de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh: pelo método de substituição de seiva

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Marcel de Arruda Torres ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
José Augusto de Lira Filho ◽  
José Wallace Barbosa do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Río Tinto

Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, analisar a qualidade do tratamento preservativo da madeira juvenil de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. e verificar a influência da inversão das peças na solução preservativa, na distribuição, na penetração e na retenção do CCB, ao longo das peças tratadas pelo método de substituição de seiva. Árvores de Eucalyptus camaldulensis foram coletadas na Zona Rural do Município de Rio Tinto - PB, de um povoamento com quatro anos. No povoamento foram escolhidas, aleatoriamente, cinco árvores, sendo três de maior diâmetro. Para o tratamento da madeira, empregou-se o método de substituição de seiva por transpiração radial utilizando-se uma solução de 2% de ingredientes ativos de borato de cobre cromatado (CCB) e comparou-se o efeito da inversão das peças na solução preservativa. A distribuição, a penetração e a retenção foram melhores nas peças invertidas, quando comparadas àquelas não-invertidas na solução preservativa.

On the Minerals of the Rio Tinto Mines

1883 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
J. H. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Morena ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Río Tinto

The great pyrites masses of the Sierra Morena, of which those worked at Rio Tinto are by far the most extensive, may be briefly described as contact deposits, which differ from such as are ordinarily met with only in size; and from ordinary fissure veins only in the circumstance that the cavities in which the minerals occur are bounded by dissimilar rocks.

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