scholarly journals Francisella and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Klara Kubelkova ◽  
Ales Macela
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Early Production

Immune responses to intracellular pathogens depend largely upon the activation of T helper type 1-dependent mechanisms. The contribution of B cells to establishing protective immunity has long been underestimated. Francisella tularensis, including a number of subspecies, provides a suitable model for the study of immune responses against intracellular bacterial pathogens. We previously demonstrated that Francisella infects B cells and activates B-cell subtypes to produce a number of cytokines and express the activation markers. Recently, we documented the early production of natural antibodies as a consequence of Francisella infection in mice. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the innate and acquired humoral immune responses initiated by Francisella infection and their relationships with the immune defense systems.

Chondroitin sulfate activates B cells in vitro, expands CD138+cells in vivo, and interferes with established humoral immune responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilke Brühl ◽  
Josef Cihak ◽  
Nicole Goebel ◽  
Yvonne Talke ◽  
Kerstin Renner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

scholarly journals Humoral Immune Responses of Type 1 Diabetes Patients to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Lend Support to the Infectious Trigger Hypothesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo A. Sechi ◽  
Valentina Rosu ◽  
Adolfo Pacifico ◽  
Giovanni Fadda ◽  
Niyaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a zoonotic pathogen whose association with Crohn's disease in humans is under scrutiny. The objective of this work was to investigate its association with other chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where the involvement of a persistent pathogen such as M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could be the trigger. For this purpose, 59 diabetic patients and 59 healthy controls were investigated for the presence of antibodies against two recombinant proteins of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the whole-cell lysate. Extremely significant humoral immune responses to recombinant heparin binding hemagglutinin and glycosyl transferase proteins and the whole-cell lysates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli were observed in T1DM patients and compared to those of healthy controls. Finding evidence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis involvement in T1DM is perhaps a novel finding that might serve as a foundation stone in establishing an infectious etiology for T1DM.

scholarly journals Induction of Humoral Immune Responses following Vaccination with Envelope-Containing, Formaldehyde-Treated, Thermally Inactivated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 4927-4935 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poon ◽  
J. T. Safrit ◽  
H. McClure ◽  
C. Kitchen ◽  
J. F. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The lack of success of subunit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines to date suggests that multiple components or a complex virion structure may be required. We previously demonstrated retention of the major conformational epitopes of HIV-1 envelope following thermal treatment of virions. Moreover, antibody binding to some of these epitopes was significantly enhanced following thermal treatment. These included the neutralizing epitopes identified by monoclonal antibodies 1b12, 2G12, and 17b, some of which have been postulated to be partially occluded or cryptic in native virions. Based upon this finding, we hypothesized that a killed HIV vaccine could be derived to elicit protective humoral immune responses. Shedding of HIV-1 envelope has been described for some strains of HIV-1 and has been cited as one of the major impediments to developing an inactivated HIV-1 vaccine. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of virions with low-dose formaldehyde prior to thermal inactivation retains the association of viral envelope with virions. Moreover, mice and nonhuman primates vaccinated with formaldehyde-treated, thermally inactivated virions produce antibodies capable of neutralizing heterologous strains of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-, MAGI cell-, and U87-based infectivity assays. These data indicate that it is possible to create an immunogen by using formaldehyde-treated, thermally inactivated HIV-1 virions to induce neutralizing antibodies. These findings have broad implications for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Guidance of B Cells by the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor EBI2 Shapes Humoral Immune Responses

Immunity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Gatto ◽  
Didrik Paus ◽  
Antony Basten ◽  
Charles R. Mackay ◽  
Robert Brink
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Ubiquitin fragments: their known biological activities and putative roles

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Pasikowski ◽  
Marzena Cydzik ◽  
Alicja Kluczyk ◽  
Piotr Stefanowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Szewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

AbstractUbiquitin (Ub) is involved in many key processes of cell biology. Identification of compounds that could interfere in the ubiquitination process is of importance. It could be expected that peptides derived from the Ub-binding regions might be able to interact with Ub receptors themselves and modify an ability of the Ub receptors interactions. This review summarizes current knowledge about known Ub-derived peptides and discusses putative activity of unexplored Ub fragments. Among identified biologically active Ub-derived peptides, its decapeptide fragment of the LEDGRTLSDY sequence was found to exhibit strong immunosuppressive effects on the cellular and humoral immune responses, comparable to that of cyclosporine. Some of the Ub fragments possess strong antibacterial and antifungal potency. In the search for new peptides that could interfere in the interaction of Ub with other proteins, we investigated the pentapeptide Ub sequences present in non-ubiquitin proteins. Based on examination of the Swiss-Prot database, we postulated that sequences of some Ub fragments often exist in other protein molecules. However, some of those motives are represented more frequently than others and could be involved in regulation of cellular processes related to Ub.

scholarly journals Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Pietro ◽  
Jack Polmear ◽  
Lucy Cooper ◽  
Timon Damelang ◽  
Tabinda Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Chronic Viral Infection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

scholarly journals Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Li ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Baokui Sui ◽  
Zhaochen Luo ◽  
Yachun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Ox40 Ligand

Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), remains a serious threat to public health in most countries. Development of a single-dose and efficacious rabies vaccine is the most important method to restrict rabies virus transmission. Costimulatory factor OX40-ligand (OX40L) plays a crucial role in the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses through T-B cell interaction. In this work, a recombinant RABV overexpressing mouse OX40L (LBNSE-OX40L) was constructed, and its effects on immunogenicity were evaluated in a mouse model. LBNSE-OX40L-immunized mice generated a larger number of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) than the parent virus LBNSE-immunized mice. Furthermore, LBNSE-OX40L induced significantly higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) as early as seven days post immunization (dpi), which lasted for eight weeks, resulting in better protection for mice than LBNSE (a live-attenuated rabies vaccine strain). Taken together, our data in this study suggest that OX40L can be a novel and potential adjuvant to improve the induction of protective antibody responses post RABV immunization by triggering T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, and that LBNSE-OX40L can be developed as an efficacious and nonpathogenic vaccine for animals.

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