scholarly journals Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with M. tuberculosis Co-Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Marina Nosik ◽  
Konstantin Ryzhov ◽  
Irina Rymanova ◽  
Alexandr Sobkin ◽  
Alexey Kravtchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and M. tuberculosis may ultimately affect the results of the treatment and be important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and TB. This work presents the results of a study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) in drug-naïve patients with dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV-infection, with newly diagnosed HIV and TB, and previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment vs. a cohort of patients with HIV monoinfection and TB monoinfection. The study revealed that during a double HIV/TB infection, both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are suppressed, and a prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and an increased severity of the disease in pulmonary/extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed in HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, it was revealed that a double HIV/TB infection is characterized by delayed and incomplete recovery of immune activity. High levels of IL-6 were detected in patients with HIV/TB co-infection before initiation of dual therapy (2.1-fold increase vs. HIV), which persisted even after 6 months of treatment (8.96-fold increase vs. HIV), unlike other cytokines. The persistent enhanced expression of IL-6 in patients with dual HIV/TB co-infection allows the consideration of it as a potential marker of early detection of M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed a statistical trend towards an increase in the incidence of IRIS in patients with high IL-1Ra levels (in the range of 1550–2500 pg/mL): OR = 4.3 (95%CI 3.7–14.12, p = 0.53), which also allows IL-1Ra to be considered as a potential predictive biomarker of the development of TB-IRIS and treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Immune Dysfunction in HIV: A Possible Role for Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV Staging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iorhen Ephraim Akase ◽  
Bolanle O. P. Musa ◽  
Reginald Onyedumarakwe Obiako ◽  
Abdurrahman Ahmad Elfulatiy ◽  
Abdullahi Asara Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

HIV infection is a chronic infection that almost inevitably progresses to AIDS. The infection is characterized by the deterioration in the immune function leading to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Additionally, there is an associated immune dysfunction characterized by a persistent inflammatory state and unhealthy elaboration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The CD4+ T cell count has been used as a surrogate for the level of immune dysfunction that exists in patients with HIV infection. Eighty-eight (88) patients with HIV infection, forty-four (44) of whom were treatment naïve patients and forty-four (44) who were treatment-experienced patients, were recruited. The serum concentrations of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were carried out using R&D human Quantikine ELISA kits, while patients’ CD4+ T cell counts were evaluated using the Partec easy count kit. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher among the AR-naïve participants compared to the ART-experienced group. Additionally, the IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with lower CD4+ T cell count compared to those with higher cell counts though this was not statistically significant. Also, both IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with higher WHO clinical staging of disease, significantly so for IL-6.

scholarly journals Features of the Immune System Functioning with Persistence of Infectious Agents in Women with Chronic Endometrial Inflammation and Reproductive Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Irina Danusevich ◽  
Eldar Sharifulin ◽  
Uliana Nemchenko ◽  
Lyubov Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The objective of our study was to investigate the specific features of immune status indicators in women of reproductive age with chronic endometritis (CE) and reproductive disorders. Methods and Results: The observational study involved 81 women of reproductive age with reproductive disorders. The main group (MG) included 50 women with CE (mean age of 29.2±5.34 years). The control group (CG) consisted of 31 fertile women also of reproductive age(mean age of 30.7 ± 5.9 years). MG was divided into the following subgroups: Subgroup A (SubA) included 31 patients with verified CE and an isolated infectious agent from endometrial tissue: Subgroup B (SubB) included 19 patients with verified CE and the absence of an infectious agent in the endometrial tissue. Endometrial aspiration pipe biopsy was performed on days 4-9 of the menstrual cycle (middle proliferative phase) using a disposable intrauterine probe (Taizhou Kechuang Medical Apparatus Co., Ltd, China) followed by histological examination of endometrial tissue. Laboratory diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was performed using the bacterial culture method. For the diagnosis of viral infection (HPV, HSV, CMV), cervical samples were studied using PCR. If STIs were detected, the patients were excluded from further research. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs was performed using the Aloka-5500 device with a 7MHz vaginal probe in two-dimensional visualization mode. The concentration of cytokines (IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α, ILs-4,6,8,10) in the endometrium was determined using the Protein Contour test systems (Saint Petersburg) and Multiskan EX ELISA Analyzer (Germany). The percentages and absolute counts of blood lymphocytes (CD3+, CD3+/CD8+/CD45+, CD19+/CD45+, and CD16+/CD56+/CD45+ cells) were determined by the method of indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies using the BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer (USA). We found a significant increase in the blood concentrations of CD3+ cells, CD3+/CD8+/CD45+ cells, and CD19+/CD45+ cells and a decrease in the levels of CD16+/CD56+/CD45+ cells, microbicidal activity of oxygen-dependent function of neutrophils, and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, as well as a significant decrease in the levels of IgA, IgM, and IRI in MG, compared to CG. In SubA, compared to SubB, we found a significant decrease in CD3+ cells and CD19+/C45+ cells and a slight increase in immunoregulatory index. The concentrations of tissue cytokines in women of MG were characterized by a 3-fold increase in the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, ILs - 4, 6, 10, and INF-γ), and a 4-fold increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-8, compared to CG. In SubA, in comparison with SubB, a significant decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (ILs-4,10) and chemokine IL-8 was revealed against the background of a significant increase in the concentrations of INF–γ and TNF–α. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate changes in the reactivity of the immune system in women with reproductive disorders and chronic inflammation in the endometrium. The most pronounced changes in the local immunity indicators are observed when opportunistic pathogens are detected in the endometrial tissue.

Increased viability of cardiomyocytes after exposure of anti-inflammatory cytokines

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Rees ◽  
T Kubin ◽  
J Pöling ◽  
S Hein ◽  
H Warnecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thanh Cao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

AAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afrisham ◽  
Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in the hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in the cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells. Methods: Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (O-Exo) women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The exosomes were used for stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h incubation, the protein levels of TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the ELISA kit. Results: The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly in comparison with control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significance differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively). However, no significant differences were found between three groups in term of IL-1β levels (P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably anti-inflammatory properties independently from body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver. However, further investigations in vitro and in vivo are needed to address the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.

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