scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Experimental Study on Efficient Extraction of Valuable Metals from Polymetallic Nodules

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Su ◽  
Xiaodong Ma ◽  
John Parianos ◽  
Baojun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Manganese Alloys ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Optimal Reduction

Polymetallic nodules are promising resources for the extraction of valuable metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt, as well as manganese alloys. To achieve efficient extraction of useful metals from the emerging resource, high-temperature carbothermic reduction of nodules was investigated by optimizing the reductant addition, slag and alloy systems. Thermochemical software FactSage was used to predict the liquidus temperature of the slag system, which is not sensitive to FeO, CaO and Al2O3, but decreases significantly with decreasing MnO/SiO2 mass ratio. The experiments were designed to reduce the oxides of Cu, Co and Ni completely, and reduce FeOx partially depending on the amount of graphite addition while leaving the residual slag for further processing into ferromanganese and/or silicomanganese alloys. Co, Cu and Ni concentrations in the alloy decreased with increasing graphite addition. The optimal reduction condition was reached by adding 4 wt% graphite at the MnO/SiO2 mass ratio of 1.6 in slag. The most effective metal-slag separation was achieved at 1350 °C, which enables the smelting reduction to be carried out in various furnaces.

scholarly journals The COOL-Process—A Selective Approach for Recycling Lithium Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Sandra Pavón ◽  
Doreen Kaiser ◽  
Robert Mende ◽  
Martin Bertau
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cool Process ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Housing Materials

The global market of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has been growing in recent years, mainly owed to electromobility. The global LIB market is forecasted to amount to $129.3 billion in 2027. Considering the global reserves needed to produce these batteries and their limited lifetime, efficient recycling processes for secondary sources are mandatory. A selective process for Li recycling from LIB black mass is described. Depending on the process parameters Li was recovered almost quantitatively by the COOL-Process making use of the selective leaching properties of supercritical CO2/water. Optimization of this direct carbonization process was carried out by a design of experiments (DOE) using a 33 Box-Behnken design. Optimal reaction conditions were 230 °C, 4 h, and a water:black mass ratio of 90 mL/g, yielding 98.6 ± 0.19 wt.% Li. Almost quantitative yield (99.05 ± 0.64 wt.%), yet at the expense of higher energy consumption, was obtained with 230 °C, 4 h, and a water:black mass ratio of 120 mL/g. Mainly Li and Al were mobilized, which allows for selectively precipitating Li2CO3 in battery grade-quality (>99.8 wt.%) without the need for further refining. Valuable metals, such as Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn, remained in the solid residue (97.7 wt.%), from where they are recovered by established processes. Housing materials were separated mechanically, thus recycling LIB without residues. This holistic zero waste-approach allows for recovering the critical raw material Li from both primary and secondary sources.

Leaching Behavior Analysis of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries Cathode Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Hsing Jung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Valuable Metal ◽  
Valuable Metals

The paper concerns an approach about using environmental technology and hydrometallurgical process to the recovery of valuable metal from waste cathode material produced during the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. It is noteworthy that the content of nickel, manganese and cobalt from cathode material are in the extraordinary large proportion. In the acid leaching step, the essential effects of H2SO4 concentration, H2O2 concentration, leaching time, liquid-solid mass ratio and reaction temperature with the leaching percentage were investigated. The cathode material was leached with 2M H2SO4 and 10 vol.% H2O2 at 70 °C and 300 rpm using a liquid-solid mass ratio of 30 ml/g and the leaching efficiency of cobalt was 98.5%, lithium was 99.8%, nickel was 98.6% and manganese was 98.6% under optimum conditions. Kinetic study demonstrates the activation energies for those analyzed metals with Arrhenius equation and manifests the data with hybrid reaction control mechanism. The process was proved from activation energies ranged from 27.79 to 47.25 kJ/mol. Finally, the valuable metals will be leached in sulfuric acid effectively.

Marine Authigenic Deposits Mineral - New Fields for the Development of Rare Earth Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1748-1751
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chang Shui Liu ◽  
Lian Feng Gao ◽  
Zhen Guo Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
The World ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Rare Earth Mineral

Rare earth metals are an important strategic resource. Due to scarce reserves, and large consumer demand, it is facing the crisis of resource depletion. Marine are the largest deposits sites in the world. In the long growth history, marine autogenic sedimentary mineral, such as polymetallic nodules, crusts with large quantities, not only contain the enrichment of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other valuable metals, but also contain extremely rare earth elements (REE) in the crust. Thus, in the process of developing marine mineral resources, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other metals are used, while it is possible for the development and utilization of the associated rare earth mineral. Marine may become a new field of rare earth resources development.

Use of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-vinyl dimethylphosphonate) copolymers for efficient extraction of valuable metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 4173-4184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wehbi ◽  
Damien Bourgeois ◽  
Bruno Améduri
Keyword(s):  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Efficient Extraction

The radical copolymerisation of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with vinyl dimethyl phosphonate (VDMP) initiated by various kinds of initiators is presented.

scholarly journals The Recovery of Valuable Metals from Ocean Polymetallic Nodules Using Solid-State Metalized Reduction Technology

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Xunxiong Jiang ◽  
Shengdong Wang ◽  
Linyong Feng ◽  
Da Li
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ocean polymetallic nodules are oxide ores rich in Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn, which are valuable metals found in deep-sea mineral resources. Such non-ferrous metals do not exist in isolation, and producing concentrates using conventional mineral separation techniques is challenging without pre-treatment. We propose an effective, environmentally-friendly recovery technology combined with solid-state metalized reduction treatment and magnetic separation to recycle these metals from ocean polymetallic nodules. We conducted single-factor tests to investigate the effects of additives, anthracite dosage, duration, and reduction temperature on metal recovery and to obtain optimal operating parameters. We found that valuable metals in ocean polymetallic nodules may be selectively reduced to a metallic state. Only a fraction of Mn was reduced to metal. The reduced metals were recovered to concentrates using magnetic separation. More than 80% of these metals were concentrated to magnetic concentrates with mass ratios of 10–15%. The recovery rates of Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, and Fe in concentrates were optimum at 86.48%, 86.74%, 83.91%, 5.63%, and 91.46%, respectively, when using CaF2 4%, anthracite 7%, SiO2 dosage 5%, and FeS 6% at 1100 °C for 2.5 h. This approach to non-ferrous metal extraction using conventional hydrometallurgical processes could be a step toward practical industrial-scale techniques for the recovery of metals from polymetallic nodules.

scholarly journals Estimation of TiO2-FeO-Na2O slag viscosity through molecular dynamics simulations for an energy efficient ilmenite smelting process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjae Kim ◽  
Hyunsik Park
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamic ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Slag Viscosity ◽  
Molecular Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

AbstractAlong with the increasing demand for the TiO2 pigment, the ilmenite smelting process has also become significant because it can utilize both rock- and sand-type ilmenite. However, due to the high liquidus temperature of the TiO2 slag system, the smelting process is highly energy consuming. In the present study, the viscosity of molten ilmenite slag was estimated using molecular dynamic simulations at a high temperature to achieve an appropriate and efficient slag design. To verify the validity of the simulation technique, experimental measurements were performed in parallel and their results were compared. The effects of FeO and Na2O addition on viscosity of TiO2 slag were also investigated. The addition of Na2O as a flux enhanced the ilmenite smelting process by not only lowering the liquidus temperature but also slowing the drastic viscosity increase. Statistical information obtained from the molecular dynamic simulations revealed a three-dimensional TiO6 octahedral network structure. The relationship between viscosity and structural change with varying FeO and Na2O concentrations was explored considering the coordination number of Ti and various bonding types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document