scholarly journals Lessons from Tailings Dam Failures—Where to Go from Here?

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
David John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Dam Failures ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Tailings Management ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Different regions worldwide have adopted various approaches to tailings management, as a result of the site settings and local practices as they have evolved. Tailings dam failures have continued to occur in both developing and developed countries, necessitating a range of tailings management approaches. These failures, while rare, continue to occur at a frequency that exceeds both industry and society expectations, and there is much to be learned from well-documented cases. Tailings management continues to be overly reliant on a net present value approach using a high discount factor, rather than a whole-of-life approach that may result in safer and more stable tailings facilities and may also facilitate the eventual mine closure. There is a need for the further development and implementation of new tailings management technologies and innovations, and for the application of whole-of-life costing of tailings facilities. Changes in tailings management will most readily be achieved at new mining projects, making change across the minerals industry a generational process.

Accounting for tailings dam failures in the valuation of mining projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 101461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Armstrong ◽  
Nicolas Langrené ◽  
Renato Petter ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Carlos Petter
Keyword(s):  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Dam Failures ◽  
Mining Projects

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Reasons for Tailings Dam Failures Based on Case History

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjie Lyu ◽  
Junrui Chai ◽  
Zengguang Xu ◽  
Yuan Qin ◽  
Jing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Tailings Dams ◽  
Dam Failures ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
Foundation Failure

On a global scale, the demand for mineral products has increased substantially with economic development. Consequently, the mining of mineral resources results in the production and accumulation of a large number of tailings, causing many problems with respect to mining, the environment, and the economy. In the mining process, tailings must be reasonably treated to prevent them from entering the water cycle through rivers. The storage of tailings under water can effectively hinder the chemical reactions that they undergo. Therefore, it is a critical practice to store these substances in ponds or impoundments behind dams. However, tailings dams frequently fail, resulting in the discharge of significant quantities of tailings into the natural environment, thereby causing grievous casualties and serious economic losses. This paper discusses reasons including seepage, foundation failure, overtopping, and earthquake for tailings dam failures and explores failure mechanisms by referring to the available literature. This research has determined that the failure of tailings dams is closely related to the state of the country’s economy. Most of the tailings dam breakages in developed countries occurred decades ago. In recent years, the proportion of tailings dam failures in developing countries has been relatively high. Considering the serious damages caused by tailings dam breakage, it is important to understand the main reasons and mechanisms for their failure. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the design and construction to the building of the tailing dams and to reduce the occurrences of their failure.

Housing Inflation: Policy Guidelines from Shariah Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza ◽  
Asmaddy Haris ◽  
Ainulashikin Marzuki ◽  
Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam ◽  
Hamdi Hakiem Mudasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The soaring housing prices in Malaysia is not a recent issue. It is a global phenomenon especially in developing and developed countries, driven by factors including land price, location, construction materials cost, demand, and speculation. This issue demands immediate attention as it affects the younger generation, most of whom could not afford to buy their own house. The government has taken many initiatives and introduced regulations to ensure that housing prices are within the affordable range. This article aims to introduce a housing price control element from the Shariah perspective, as an alternative solution for all parties involved in this issue. It adopts content analysis methodology on policy from Shariah approved sources.

scholarly journals Income, wealth and use of personal protection equipment in the Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Migheli
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

AbstractBoth in developing and developed countries, farmers often do not protect themselves adequately, especially when applying agrochemicals that are dangerous for their health. The issue is relevant because insufficient protection is between the causes leading to intoxication of farmers and workers who handle these products. The literature suggests that both lack of training and information and low income may explain why, especially in developing countries, protective equipment is under-used. Using data from the Mekong Delta, this study addresses the issue of whether income and household wealth may help explaining the use of incomplete protections against pesticides. The results suggest that income, more than wealth, is a reason why Vietnamese farmers operating in the Mekong Delta fail in using adequate protections. In particular, the data suggest that they may prefer to divert resources to increasing the production of their fields or to buying goods that may be used both as protection and as everyday garments. This behaviour leads to underinvestment in some important protective goods. Possible public interventions to mitigate the problem are suggested; in particular, the promotion of integrated pest management techniques could be useful.

scholarly journals Strategies for reducing out of pocket payments in the health system: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faride Sadat Jalali ◽  
Parisa Bikineh ◽  
Sajad Delavari
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
System A ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract Background Direct out-of-pocket payments (OOP) are among the most important financing mechanisms in many health systems, especially in developing countries, adversely affecting equality and leading vulnerable groups to poverty. Therefore, this scoping review study was conducted to identify the strategies involving OOP reduction in health systems. Methods Articles published in English on strategies related to out-of-pocket payments were Searched and retrieved in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases between January 2000 and November 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. As a result, 3710 papers were retrieved initially, and 40 were selected for full-text assessment. Results Out of 40 papers included, 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) of the study were conducted in developing and developed countries, respectively. The strategies were divided into four categories based on health system functions: health system stewardship, creating resources, health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services.As well, developing and developed countries applied different types of strategies to reduce OOP. Conclusion The present review identified some strategies that affect the OOP payments According to the health system functions framework. Considering the importance of stewardship, creating resources, the health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services in reducing OOP, this study could help policymakers make better decisions for reducing OOP expenditures.

scholarly journals A review of the ethnomedicinal, antimicrobial, and phytochemical properties of Musa paradisiaca (plantain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamoldeen Abiodun Ajijolakewu ◽  
Abiodun Saheed Ayoola ◽  
Tariq Oluwakunmi Agbabiaka ◽  
Folashade Rahmat Zakariyah ◽  
Nike Risikat Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Abstract Background More people—in both developing and developed countries—now use, and are favourably disposed to, traditional medicine. Musa paradisiaca (plantain) is used extensively in traditional medicine across continents. In this review, we investigated the scientific justification of this extensive usage. Main body Generally, several studies validate usage in infectious diseases, but limited antiviral and in vivo reports exist. The mechanistic elicitation of antimicrobial activity has similarly not been ascertained. Contrarily, data abound from rigorous studies on physiological conditions. Activity across categories is tied to the potent phytosterols duo of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol; and the triterpenes viz. cycloeucalenone, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, and 31-norcyclolaudenone; present in plantain. Toxicity studies, while finite, suggest general safety and tolerance. Conclusions Findings in the studies reviewed projects plantain as a veritable source for drug bioprospecting that will be of benefit to scientific research and pharmaceutical industries.

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