scholarly journals Trace Element Compositions and Defect Structures of High-Purity Quartz from the Southern Ural Region, Russia

Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Götze ◽  
Yuanming Pan ◽  
Axel Müller ◽  
Elena Kotova ◽  
Daniele Cerin
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Southern Ural Region

Quartz samples of different origin from 10 localities in the Southern Ural region, Russia have been investigated to characterize their trace element compositions and defect structures. The analytical combination of cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and trace-element analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that almost all investigated quartz samples showed very low concentrations of trace elements (cumulative concentrations of <50 ppm with <30 ppm Al and <10 ppm Ti) and low abundances of paramagnetic defects, defining them economically as “high-purity” quartz (HPQ) suitable for high-tech applications. EPR and CL data confirmed the low abundances of substitutional Ti and Fe, and showed Al to be the only significant trace element structurally bound in the investigated quartz samples. CL microscopy revealed a heterogeneous distribution of luminescence centres (i.e., luminescence active trace elements such as Al) as well as features of deformation and recrystallization. It is suggested that healing of defects due to deformation-related recrystallization and reorganization processes of the quartz lattice during retrograde metamorphism resulted in low concentrations of CL activator and other trace elements or vacancies, and thus are the main driving processes for the formation of HPQ deposits in the investigated area.

scholarly journals Parental magma composition of the Main Zone of the Bushveld Complex: Evidence from in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of silicate minerals in the cumulate rocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Yang ◽  
Wolfgang D. Maier ◽  
Belinda Godel ◽  
Sarah-Jane Barnes ◽  
Eero Hanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bushveld Complex ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Incompatible Elements

&lt;p&gt;In-situ trace element analysis of cumulus minerals may provide a clue to the parental magma from which the minerals crystallized. However, this is hampered by effects of the trapped liquid shift (TLS). In the Main Zone (MZ) of the Bushveld Complex, the Ti content in plagioclase grains shows a clear increase from core to rim, whereas most other elements (e.g., rare earth elements (REEs), Zr, Hf, Pb) do not. This is different from the prominent intra-grain variation of all trace elements in silicate minerals in mafic dikes and smaller intrusion, which have a faster cooling rate. We suggest that crystal fractionation of trapped liquid occurred in the MZ of Bushveld and the TLS may have modified the original composition of the cumulus minerals for most trace elements except Ti during slow cooling. Quantitative model calculations suggest that the influence of the TLS depends on the bulk partition coefficient of the element. The effect on highly incompatible elements is clearly more prominent &amp;#173;&amp;#173;than on moderately incompatible and compatible elements because of different concentration gradients between cores and rims of cumulate minerals. This is supported by the following observations in the MZ of Bushveld: 1) positive correlation between Cr, Ni and Mg# of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, 2) negative correlation between moderately incompatible elements (e.g., Mn and Sc in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, Sr, Ba, Eu in plagioclase), but 3) poor correlation between highly incompatible elements and Mg# of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene or An# of plagioclase. Modeling suggests that the extent of the TLS for a trace element is also dependent on the initial fraction of the primary trapped liquid, with strong TLS occurring if the primary trapped liquid fraction is high. This is supported by the positive correlation between highly incompatible trace element abundances in cumulus minerals and whole-rock Zr contents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have calculated the composition of the parental magma of the MZ of the Bushveld Complex. The compatible and moderately incompatible element contents of the calculated parental liquid are generally similar to those of the B3 marginal rocks, but different from the B1 and B2 marginal rocks. For the highly incompatible elements, we suggest that the use of the sample with the lowest whole-rock Zr content and the least degree of TLS is the best approach to obtain the parental magma composition. Based on calculation, we propose that a B3 type liquid is the most likely parental magma to the MZ of the Bushveld Complex.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Preface

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. viii
Author(s):  
Michael Bickel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Animal Metabolism

Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor

Trace-Element Analysis in Clinical Chemistry

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A Schroeder ◽  
Alexis P Nason
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Present knowledge of human bodily contents and concentrations in blood, urine, and hair of 11 essential trace elements and 17-22 nonessential inert or toxic trace elements is reviewed and summarized. Analyses of trace elements are applicable as diagnostic aids and indices for therapy in a number of clinical conditions. Techniques are not difficult, and analyses will probably become more or less routine for many diseases in which primary or secondary abnormalities are manifest. Trace elements play fundamental roles in human metabolism.

Multipoint Background Analysis: Gaining Precision and Accuracy in Microprobe Trace Element Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien M. Allaz ◽  
Michael L. Williams ◽  
Michael J. Jercinovic ◽  
Karsten Goemann ◽  
John Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Background Measurement ◽  
Background Curvature

AbstractElectron microprobe trace element analysis is a significant challenge. Due to the low net intensity of peak measurements, the accuracy and precision of such analyses relies critically on background measurements, and on the accuracy of any pertinent peak interference corrections. A linear regression between two points selected at appropriate background positions is a classical approach for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). However, this approach neglects the accurate assessment of background curvature (exponential or polynomial), and the presence of background interferences, a hole in the background, or an absorption edge can dramatically affect the results if underestimated or ignored. The acquisition of a quantitative wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) scan over the spectral region of interest remains a reasonable option to determine the background intensity and curvature from a fitted regression of background portions of the scan, but this technique can be time consuming and retains an element of subjectivity, as the analyst has to select areas in the scan which appear to represent background. This paper presents a new multi-point background (MPB) method whereby the background intensity is determined from up to 24 background measurements from wavelength positions on either side of analytical lines. This method improves the accuracy and precision of trace element analysis in a complex matrix through careful regression of the background shape, and can be used to characterize the background over a large spectral region covering several elements to be analyzed. The overall efficiency improves as systematic WDS scanning is not required to assess background interferences. The method is less subjective compared to methods that rely on WDS scanning, including selection of two interpolation points based on WDS scans, because “true” backgrounds are selected through an exclusion method of possible erroneous backgrounds. The first validation of the MPB method involves blank testing to ensure the method can accurately measure the absence of an element. The second validation involves the analysis of U-Th-Pb in several monazite reference materials of known isotopic age. The impetus for the MPB method came from efforts to refine EPMA monazite U-Th-Pb dating, where it was recognized that background errors resulting from interference or strong background curvature could result in errors of several tens of millions of years on the calculated date. Results obtained on monazite reference materials using two different microprobes, a Cameca SX-100 Ultrachron and a JEOL JXA-8230, yield excellent agreement with ages obtained by isotopic methods (Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry [TIMS], Sensitive High-Resolution Ion MicroProbe [SHRIMP], or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry [SIMS]). Finally, the MPB method can be used to model the background over a large spectrometer range to improve the accuracy of background measurement of minor and trace elements acquired on a same spectrometer, a method called the shared background measurement. This latter significantly improves the accuracy of minor and trace element analysis in complex matrices, as demonstrated by the analysis of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in REE-silicates and phosphates and of trace elements in scheelite.

Identification of Natal Locales of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) by Trace-Element Analysis of Feathers

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmie R. Parrish ◽  
David T. Rogers ◽  
F. Prescott Ward
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Peregrine Falcons ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Abstract Samples of secondary remiges collected from nestling Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Alaska and western Greenland were analyzed for trace-element content using instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Concentrations of 14 trace elements were subjected to a series of multivariate discriminant function analyses to ascertain whether or not these concentrations could be used to identify the geographic origins of the birds sampled. Individual falcons from the three areas studied can be placed in their proper natal locale with 100% predictability. Mercury (Hg) was the best individual discriminator for separating sample groupings. Aluminum (A1) and Vanadium (V), in conjunction with Hg, provided the most discriminant trio of elements when various groupings of element concentrations were considered as predictors.

Trace Element Analysis of Bone from Past Populations in the Peninsula of Yucatan

2012 ◽  
Vol 1374 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Saul Chay ◽  
Mónica Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Quintana ◽  
Vera Tiesler
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dietary Study ◽  
Maya Site ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTThis dietary study compares concentrations of trace elements in human skeletal series from the municipal cemetery of Xoclán, in Mérida, Yucatan, and a skeletal collection that was donated by the Yucatecan State Justice Department (PGH). The results from these modern samples are to be compared to those obtained from human collections from a colonial cemetery from Campeche and the pre-Hispanic Maya site of Xcambó. Our results indicate that the archaeological series show higher concentrations of Sr compared to the modern populations, both of which showed very similar values. Zn concentrations were similar when the modern values were compared to those derived from the colonial series from Campeche. Xcambó´s population, in turn, shows a high degree of variability in Zn values, which may be due to diagenetic contamination.

scholarly journals Prostatic Tissue Levels of 43 Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Adenocarcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Sofia Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Levels

Adenocarcinoma of prostate gland is an internationally important health problem in men, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the prostatic tissue levels of trace elements exist in the malignantly transformed prostate. Prostatic tissue levels of 43 trace elements were prospectively evaluated in 36 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 37 healthy males. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for trace element analysis. The reliability of difference in the results between normal and cancerous prostate tissues was evaluated by Student’s t-test. It was found that the contents of Ag, Al, Au, B, Be, Br, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Fe, Gd, Hg, Li, Mn, Nd, Ni, Pr, Sb, Sn, Th, Tl, Y, and Zr were significantly higher while those of Cd, Co, Rb, Sc, Se, and Zn were significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. Moreover, it was shown that malignant transformation significantly changed the relationships of trace elements in prostate. Thus, in adenocarcinoma transformed prostate tissue the trace element metabolism is significantly disturbed.

scholarly journals TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL WOODS USING PARTICLE INDUCED X–RAY EMISSION (PIXE) METHODS FROM WESTERN NIGERIA

Wood Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-605
Author(s):  
ONUMEJOR CHARITY ADAEZE ◽  
BALOGUN FATAI AKINTUNDE ◽  
SEJLO TEMIDAYO GBENU ◽  
MOJISOLA RACHAEL USIKALU ◽  
THEOPHILUS AANUOLUWA ADAGUNODO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tropical Woods

Trace element investigation and its corresponding concentration level in selected tropical woods from western Nigeria was done using PIXE-particle induced X-ray emission methods. Fifteen selected tropical woods were analyzed and twenty-seventrace elements were identified and quantified. The identified trace elements are Na,Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Pb and Bi. Calcium concentration were2835, 3195, 4923, 5608, 7770, 5110, 2743, 5092 and 3451ppm in samples 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, respectively. Potassium recorded2838, 4811, 3184, and 2021ppm in samples 1, 3, 8 and 9, respectively. Silicon recorded5206ppm for sample 4 and 5253ppm for sample 7. Calcium and potassium were observed to have concentration level that is greater than 1000ppm in all the studied samples, hence it can be said that calcium and potassium are major trace element of wood. The concentrations of the elements identified have no immediate health concern on environment and human, therefore the studied tropical woodssafe for use as fuel and other purposes.

scholarly journals Trace Elements and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jamaica

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Adwalia Fevrier-Paul ◽  
Adedamola Soyibo ◽  
Nimal De Silva ◽  
Sylvia Mitchell ◽  
Donovan McGrowder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Several environmental studies have reported that low-level exposure to nephrotoxic elements increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In developing countries, finite resources can limit epidemiological studies and environmental risk assessment; however, the unique soil profile in Jamaica has raised some concerns for the potential exposure to populations who are of high risk. Method: This study investigated the potential for using trace element profiling in CKD, by analysing blood concentration levels of vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium (Sr), arsenic, barium, cadmium, mercury, and lead. Trace element analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: One hundred and fifty-eight individuals were included and were predominantly of African descent (98%) and their ages ranged from 21 to 90 years old. Three main correlation clusters were evident: firstly, vanadium, chromium, copper, silicon, and selenium, with mercury and barium more distantly related; secondly, lead, arsenic, nickel, and Sr; and thirdly, iron and zinc. Cadmium was an outlier. Blood Sr was strongly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.83; p<0.001) and strong linear progression models (r2=0.96; p<0.001). Algorithmic models placed Sr as the highest-ranking trace element biomarker (area under the curve: 95.6%; p<0.001). Discussion: The decline in kidney function may result in the retention of non-essential trace elements. Strong corresponding trends between kidney function and blood Sr concentration indicate biomarker potential for a trace element with a unique profile in patients with CKD. Other significant relationships may also be unveiled as CKD biomarkers as trace element profiling is explored in the region.

Trace-Element Contamination in Biopsies of the Liver

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Versieck ◽  
A Speecke ◽  
J Hoste ◽  
F Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Liver Biopsies

Abstract Contamination by trace elements during collection of liver biopsies has been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Menghini needles for percutaneous liver biopsy and disposable surgical blades were irradiated in a nuclear reactor until their constituents had a high specific activity. Sampling of liver biopsies was simulated in vitro with use of the irradiated instruments. Under these experimental conditions, radioactivity found in the samples corresponds to contaminations as may be expected in clinical practice. The results demonstrate that needle biopsies are heavily contaminated by numerous trace elements and unsuitable for trace-element analysis. Liver biopsies taken during laparotomy, with a steel surgical blade, are markedly less contaminated but still not acceptable for determinations of some trace elements, especially chromium and nickel.

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