scholarly journals Neutral Lipid Content in Lipid Droplets: Potential Biomarker of Cordycepin Accumulation in Cordycepin-Producing Fungi

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qin ◽  
ZhiYe Wang ◽  
DengXue Lu ◽  
HongMei Kang ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

To clarify the relationship between neutral lipid content and cordycepin accumulation in Cordyceps militaris, mutants were generated from mixed spores of two C. militaris strains with varying cordycepin-producing capacities. Fifteen stable mutants producing from 0.001 to 2.363 mg/mL cordycepin were finally selected. The relative fluorescence intensities of the 15 mutants, two C. militaris strains and an Aspergillus nidulans strain at different concentrations of lyophilized mycelium powder were then investigated using the Nile red method. The mutant CM1-1-1 with the highest relative fluorescence intensity among the eighteen strains was selected for optimizing the Nile red method. Relative fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with cordycepin concentration in liquid broth (R2 = 0.9514) and in lyophilized mycelium powder (R2 = 0.9378) for the 18 cordycepin-producing strains under identical culture conditions and with cordycepin concentration in liquid broth (R2 = 0.9727) and in lyophilized mycelium powder (R2 = 0.9613) for CM1-1-1 under eight different sets of conditions. In addition, the cordycepin content in lyophilized mycelium powder measured by the Nile red method was linearly correlated with that determined by an HPLC method (R2 = 0.9627). In conclusion, neutral lipids in lipid droplets are required during cordycepin accumulation; these neutral lipids are potential biomarkers of cordycepin biosynthesis.

Starvation-induced lipid reserve depletion in Pratylenchus brachyurus leads to decreased infectivity in maize roots

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Paula S. Alves ◽  
Willian C. Terra ◽  
Giselle B. Pinto ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
Bárbhara J.R. Fatobene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Oil Red O

Summary Nematode body neutral lipid (triacylglycerol) content has been related to infectivity and has direct implications in control strategies. In this study, Pratylenchus brachyurus populations were split into two groups: i) freshly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) containing lipids stored during embryogenesis; ii) third- and fourth-stage juveniles (J3/J4) plus females that replenished their lipid reserves by feeding on maize (Zea mays) roots. These groups were subjected to starvation to study their lipid consumption dynamics by staining with Oil Red O, which binds specifically to neutral lipids. Before starvation, freshly hatched J2 had 27% of their body area stained, whereas J3/J4 and females had 75%. Freshly hatched J2 starved for 28 days at 25°C in water lost 63.8% of the original neutral lipid content, which caused a reduction of 91% of infectivity in maize roots. By contrast, J3/J4 and females exposed to the same conditions lost 56.7% of the original neutral lipid content, which resulted in less than 50% reduction in infectivity. During the period of food deprivation, J2 had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 0.63% and the other infectious stages (J3/J4 and females) had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 1.46% per day. This study adds information on the dynamics of lipid utilisation that supports the use of longer waiting periods for planting crops after fallow in soils infested with P. brachyurus as compared to Meloidogyne spp.-infested soils.

Fluorometric determination of the neutral lipid content of microalgal cells using Nile Red

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Cooksey ◽  
James B. Guckert ◽  
Scott A. Williams ◽  
Patrik R. Callis
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

scholarly journals Cell type-specific lipid storage changes in Parkinson’s disease patient brains are recapitulated by experimental glycolipid disturbance

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (44) ◽  
pp. 27646-27654
Author(s):  
Oeystein Roed Brekk ◽  
Jonathan R. Honey ◽  
Seungil Lee ◽  
Penelope J. Hallett ◽  
Ole Isacson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

Neurons are dependent on proper trafficking of lipids to neighboring glia for lipid exchange and disposal of potentially lipotoxic metabolites, producing distinct lipid distribution profiles among various cell types of the central nervous system. Little is known of the cellular distribution of neutral lipids in the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and its relationship to inflammatory signaling. This study aimed to determine human PD SN neutral lipid content and distribution in dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, and microglia relative to age-matched healthy subject controls. The results show that while total neutral lipid content was unchanged relative to age-matched controls, the levels of whole SN triglycerides were correlated with inflammation-attenuating glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) signaling in human PD SN. Histological localization of neutral lipids using a fluorescent probe (BODIPY) revealed that dopaminergic neurons and midbrain microglia significantly accumulated intracellular lipids in PD SN, while adjacent astrocytes had a reduced lipid load overall. This pattern was recapitulated by experimental in vivo inhibition of glucocerebrosidase activity in mice. Agents or therapies that restore lipid homeostasis among neurons, astrocytes, and microglia could potentially correct PD pathogenesis and disease progression.

Neutral lipids and the assessment of infectivity in entomopathogenic nematodes: observations on four Steinernema species

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. PATEL ◽  
M. STOLINSKI ◽  
D. J. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Lipid Utilization ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Visual Index ◽  
Oil Red O Staining ◽  
Oil Red O

An 8-point visual index was developed for Oil Red O staining of neutral lipids in infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema carpocapsae (All), S. riobravis (Biosys 355), S. feltiae (UK76) and S. glaseri (NC). The visual index was found to be a reliable and rapid method for determining the relative neutral lipid content of individual IJs and was validated quantitatively by gas chromatography. The relationship between neutral lipid utilization and infectivity of IJs stored in distilled water at 25°C was also investigated and the first quantitative results on neutral lipid utilization in entomopathogenic nematodes are reported. Neutral lipid contents of freshly harvested IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. riobravis, S. feltiae and S. glaseri were 31, 31, 24 and 26% dry wt, respectively. Steinernema carpocapsae showed a sigmoidal pattern for neutral lipid utilization while S. riobravis used neutral lipids at an almost constant rate. Survivorship of these two species ranged between 120 and 135 days, whereas S. feltiae and S. glaseri lived >450 days and had a slower rate of lipid utilization during a 260 day storage period. Oil Red O staining showed that individual IJs in each population utilized lipids at different rates, even though they had the same initial lipid index. The infectivity of S. riobravis, S. feltiae and S. glaseri declined with lipid utilization. In contrast, S. carpocapsae maintained a high level of infectivity even at relatively low lipid levels. Therefore, neutral lipid content was found to be a suitable indicator of infectivity for S. riobravis, S. feltiae and S. glaseri but not for S. carpocapsae.

NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE MALE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marshall Clark ◽  
J.R. Marion ◽  
L.J. Scarano ◽  
T.L. Potter ◽  
P.F. Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

AbstractQualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.

scholarly journals The yeast lipin orthologue Pah1p is important for biogenesis of lipid droplets

2011 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludotun Adeyo ◽  
Patrick J. Horn ◽  
SungKyung Lee ◽  
Derk D. Binns ◽  
Anita Chandrahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Total Neutral Lipid ◽  
A Site

Lipins are phosphatidate phosphatases that generate diacylglycerol (DAG). In this study, we report that yeast lipin, Pah1p, controls the formation of cytosolic lipid droplets. Disruption of PAH1 resulted in a 63% decrease in droplet number, although total neutral lipid levels did not change. This was accompanied by an accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The droplet biogenesis defect was not a result of alterations in neutral lipid ratios. No droplets were visible in the absence of both PAH1 and steryl acyltransferases when grown in glucose medium, even though the strain produces as much triacylglycerol as wild type. The requirement of PAH1 for normal droplet formation can be bypassed by a knockout of DGK1. Nem1p, the activator of Pah1p, localizes to a single punctum per cell on the ER that is usually next to a droplet, suggesting that it is a site of droplet assembly. Overall, this study provides strong evidence that DAG generated by Pah1p is important for droplet biogenesis.

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