scholarly journals Hypolipidemic effects of herbal extracts by reduction of adipocyte differentiation, intracellular neutral lipid content, lipolysis, fatty acid exchange and lipid droplet motility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Haselgrübler ◽  
Peter Lanzerstorfer ◽  
Clemens Röhrl ◽  
Flora Stübl ◽  
Jonas Schurr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Acid Exchange

NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE MALE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marshall Clark ◽  
J.R. Marion ◽  
L.J. Scarano ◽  
T.L. Potter ◽  
P.F. Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

AbstractQualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.

Enhancing neutral lipid content in Skeletonema marinoi through multiple phase growth in a bench photobioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bertozzini ◽  
Luca Galluzzi ◽  
Antonella Penna ◽  
Mauro Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Skeletonema Marinoi

Starvation-induced lipid reserve depletion in Pratylenchus brachyurus leads to decreased infectivity in maize roots

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Paula S. Alves ◽  
Willian C. Terra ◽  
Giselle B. Pinto ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
Bárbhara J.R. Fatobene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Oil Red O

Summary Nematode body neutral lipid (triacylglycerol) content has been related to infectivity and has direct implications in control strategies. In this study, Pratylenchus brachyurus populations were split into two groups: i) freshly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) containing lipids stored during embryogenesis; ii) third- and fourth-stage juveniles (J3/J4) plus females that replenished their lipid reserves by feeding on maize (Zea mays) roots. These groups were subjected to starvation to study their lipid consumption dynamics by staining with Oil Red O, which binds specifically to neutral lipids. Before starvation, freshly hatched J2 had 27% of their body area stained, whereas J3/J4 and females had 75%. Freshly hatched J2 starved for 28 days at 25°C in water lost 63.8% of the original neutral lipid content, which caused a reduction of 91% of infectivity in maize roots. By contrast, J3/J4 and females exposed to the same conditions lost 56.7% of the original neutral lipid content, which resulted in less than 50% reduction in infectivity. During the period of food deprivation, J2 had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 0.63% and the other infectious stages (J3/J4 and females) had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 1.46% per day. This study adds information on the dynamics of lipid utilisation that supports the use of longer waiting periods for planting crops after fallow in soils infested with P. brachyurus as compared to Meloidogyne spp.-infested soils.

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

Age-related changes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda): neutral lipid content in developing oocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2791-2796
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon ◽  
D. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

Changes in neutral lipid content of developing female gametes in Heligmosomoides polygyrus at 8, 12, 20, 40, 80, and 140 days postinfection (p.i.) were investigated and correlated with egg production by the worms over the same period. Egg production increased to day 20 p.i. when the average egg output for one female reached approximately 700 eggs/day. A decline in egg production occurred from 80 days p.i. until the end of the experiment (140 days p.i.). Neutral lipid content was low in oogonia from worms of all ages. Developing oocytes contained the highest levels of neutral lipid. There was a significant loss of lipid just before fertilization of the oocytes. An increase in lipid occurred in all developmental stages of gametes from day 8 to day 40 p.i., and a significant decline occurred thereafter to day 140 p.i. Although egg production and lipid content of the female reproductive tract showed similar trends, there was not a precise correlation. It is felt that nuclear and cytoplasmic processes other than lipid anabolism or catabolism within the developing gametes play a more important role in influencing egg output.

Fluorometric determination of the neutral lipid content of microalgal cells using Nile Red

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Cooksey ◽  
James B. Guckert ◽  
Scott A. Williams ◽  
Patrik R. Callis
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content

scholarly journals Effects of oxygen tension on the lipid composition of Azotobacter chroococcum

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Reczek ◽  
David N. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Intense Aeration

Lipid content and composition were determined in Azotobacter chroococcum grown, under nitrogen-fixing conditions, in continuous culture with intense aeration under atmospheres containing between 5 and 40% O2. Total lipid content remained almost constant at approximately 9% of dry weight.Phospholipid content was maximal at 20% O2 where it accounted for 92% of total lipid, and was minimal at 40% O2. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the only species of phosphatide detected in this fraction. Neutral lipid content was minimal at 20% O2 and maximal at 40% O2 where it represented approximately 30% of the total lipid. Glycolipid remained between 2 and 13% of total lipid throughout. The principal fatty acids of A. chroococcum were hexadecanoic (C16:0), hexadecenoic (C16:1), and octadecenoic acid (C18:1) at all O2 tensions, but C18:1 increased at the expense of C16:1 at higher O2 tensions, particularly in free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions. [U-14C]acetate was readily incorporated into lipid at both 20 and 40% O2 but total incorporation was much greater at 20% O2.

The neutral lipid composition and size of recombinant high density lipoproteins regulates lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Sparks ◽  
P. H. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Surface Lipid ◽  
Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Catalytic Potential ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content

Recombinant high density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles were prepared from purified lipids and human apoproteins, and the ability of these complexes to act as substrates for purified lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was determined. Increasing the triacylglycerol content relative to cholesteryl ester in rHDL markedly decreased the maximum catalytic potential of LCAT. Kinetic analysis showed that the Vmax of the LCAT reaction was significantly and negatively correlated to the triacylglycerol content. The apparent Km was not directly affected by relative neutral lipid content, but was significantly related to protein and surface lipid content as well as to particle size. These results suggest that while particulate size may regulate the interaction between LCAT and HDL, the relative neutral lipid content of the particle may play a major role in regulating the catalytic potential of the enzyme, particularly with HDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients.Key words: high density lipoproteins, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, model lipoproteins, triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester.

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