scholarly journals Review of Chromatographic Methods Coupled with Modern Detection Techniques Applied in the Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring (TDM)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 4026
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tuzimski ◽  
Anna Petruczynik
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Packed Sorbent

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool used to integrate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics knowledge to optimize and personalize various drug therapies. The optimization of drug dosing may improve treatment outcomes, reduce toxicity, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance. To adequately implement TDM, accurate and precise analytical procedures are required. In clinical practice, blood is the most commonly used matrix for TDM; however, less invasive samples, such as dried blood spots or non-invasive saliva samples, are increasingly being used. The choice of sample preparation method, type of column packing, mobile phase composition, and detection method is important to ensure accurate drug measurement and to avoid interference from matrix effects and drug metabolites. Most of the reported procedures used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. High-performance chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods are also used when a simpler and more cost-effective methodology is desired for clinical monitoring. The application of high-performance chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) with and without derivatization processes and high-performance chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) techniques for the analysis of various drugs in biological samples for TDM have been described less often. Before chromatographic analysis, samples were pretreated by various procedures—most often by protein precipitation, liquid–liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction, rarely by microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature (2010–2020) regarding the use of liquid chromatography with various detection techniques for TDM.

Quantification of piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and linezolid in serum using an isotope dilution UHPLC-MS/MS method with semi-automated sample preparation

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zander ◽  
Barbara Maier ◽  
Anna Suhr ◽  
Michael Zoller ◽  
Lorenz Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Carry Over

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated highly variable blood concentrations of piperacillin, tazobactam, cefepime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and linezolid in critically ill patients with a high incidence of sub-therapeutic levels. Consequently, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these antibiotics has to be considered, requiring robust and reliable routine analytical methods. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a multi-analyte ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of the above mentioned antibiotics.Sample preparation included a manual protein precipitation step followed by two-dimensional ultra high performance liquid chromatography (2D-UHPLC). Corresponding stable isotope-labeled substances were used as internal standards for all of the analytes, with the exception of tazobactam. The injected sample volume was 7 μL. The run time was 5.0 min.Inaccuracy was ≤8% and imprecision coefficient of variation (CV) was <9% for all analytes. Only minor matrix effects and negligible carry-over was observed. The method was found to be robust during the validation period.We were able to develop a reliable 2D-UHPLC-MS/MS method addressing analytes with highly heterogeneous physico-chemical properties. The novel assay may be an efficient tool for an optimized process workflow in clinical laboratories for important antibiotics in regards to TDM.

Technical considerations in the use of "high-performance" liquid chromatography in therapeutic drug monitoring.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Giese
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract I review the methodology of "high-performance" liquid chromatography as applied to therapeutic drug monitoring. Aside from direct injection of sample, sample cleanup involves miscible and immiscible organic solvent extractions, solid-phase extraction, and size separations. Column considerations are bonded phases, column dimensions, particle size, guard columns, stability, pH range, and reproducibility. In a section on mobile phase, the reversed-phase mode is discussed along with temperature and degassing. Absorbance and fluorescence detectors are used most commonly. The parameters "capacity factor," "efficiency," and "asymmetry value" are helpful for interpreting chromatograms, as are the aspects of peak tailing, peak quantitation, "complex solutes," and "crowded chromatograms." Finally, automation, competing methodology, and prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohoro ◽  
Adeniji ◽  
Okoh ◽  
Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Assisted Extraction

PPCPs are found almost everywhere in the environment especially at an alarming rate and at very low concentration in the aquatic systems. Many methods—including pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and micro-assisted extraction (MAE)—have been employed for their extraction from both surface waters and biota. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water. However, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples. PPCPs are in groups of—acidic (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen), neutral (e.g., caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine), and basic pharmaceuticals, as well as antibiotics and estrogens amongst others. PPCPs which are present in trace levels (ng/L) are more often determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent (HPLC-UV). Of these, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are mostly employed for the analysis of this class of compounds, though not without a draw-back of matrix effect. GC-MS and GC-MS-MS are considered as alternative cost-effective methods that can also give better results after derivatization.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTITATIVE PROTOCOL FOR IMATINIB IN HUMAN SERUM BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh SR ◽  
Ashwini Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Spe Method

Estimation of therapeutic levels of Imatinib and its correlation with clinical response has become important to monitor response of this drug in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Various attempts have been made to develop quantitative protocols for imatinib in human serum using different analytical tools. A simple, sensitive and specific quantitative method was developed in the present study for monitoring of imatinib levels in human serum by applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and QQQ tandem mass spectrometry. An efficient simple sample extraction method was developed using solid phase extraction (SPE) method for extraction of imatinib in human serum with a recovery of around 80-85%. The developed method was successfully tested on 30 human serum samples who have been receiving imatinib for CML. Keywords: Imatinib, LCMS, MRM, methanol, serum

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document