scholarly journals Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals and Related Stable Paramagnetic Species in Different Parts of Dragon Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Chalermpong Saenjum ◽  
Thanawat Pattananandecha ◽  
Kouichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and paramagnetic species in dragon fruit using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). HPLC analysis demonstrated that dragon fruit is enriched with bioactive phytochemicals, with significant variations between each part of the fruit. Anthocyanins namely, cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside were detected in the dragon fruit peel and fresh red pulp. Epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, caffeine, and gallic acid were found in the dragon fruit seed. Additionally, 25–100 mg × L−1 of dragon fruit pulp and peel extracts containing enrichment of cyanidin 3-glucoside were found to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cell-based studies without exerted cytotoxicity. EPR primarily detected two paramagnetic species in the red samples. These two different radical species were assigned as stable radicals and Mn2+ (paramagnetic species) based on the g-values and hyperfine components. In addition, the broad EPR line width of the white peel can be correlated to a unique moiety in dragon fruit. Our EPR and HPLC results provide new insight regarding the phytochemicals and related stable intermediates found in various parts of dragon fruit. Thus, we suggest here that there is the potential to use dragon fruit peel, which contains anthocyanins, as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient.

scholarly journals Detection of Antioxidant Phytochemicals Isolated from Camellia japonica Seeds Using HPLC and EPR Imaging

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalermpong Saenjum ◽  
Thanawat Pattananandecha ◽  
Kouichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Lipophilic Antioxidant ◽  
Stable Radicals ◽  
Seed Coats

In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in Camellia japonica seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The C. japonica seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds—namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate—were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds—including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol—were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and g-values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a g-value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in C. japonica seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance as a Probe for Metal Ions and Radicals in Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zoleo ◽  
Laura Speri ◽  
Maddalena Bronzato
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Historic Paper ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractElectron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) is a technique devoted to the identification and characterization of paramagnetic species, i.e. chemical species with unpaired electrons. Very common paramagnetic species which can be detected through EPR in historic paper are Fe(III), Mn(II), Cu(II) ions and radicals, where Fe(III), Cu(II) and radicals play a relevant role in paper degradation. Specifically, Fe(III) is almost ubiquitous in historic paper. Here we propose an overview of the EPR signals in historic and artificially aged paper, and in particular, we would like to show how a deep analysis of EPR signals from paper could provide useful information about the paper’s origin and unique indications of the degradation and oxidation level of the paper.

Free radical metabolites in myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. L81-L86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno K. Ruuge ◽  
Alexander N. Ledenev ◽  
Vladimir L. Lakomkin ◽  
Alexander A. Konstantinov ◽  
Marina Yu. Ksenzenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Paramagnetic Species ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxygen Paradox ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and spin traps were used to measure paramagnetic species generation in rat hearts and isolated mitochondria. The hearts were freeze-clamped at 77 K during control perfusion by the Langendorff procedure, after 20–30 min of normothermic ischemia or 10–30 s of reperfusion with oxygenated perfusate. All EPR spectra measured at 4.5–50 K exhibited signals of both mitochondrial free radical centers and FeS proteins. The analysis of spectral parameters measured at 243 K showed that free radicals in heart tissue were semiquinones of coenzyme Q10 and flavins. The appearance of a typical “doublet” signal at g = 1.99 in low-temperature spectra indicated that a part of ubisemiquinones formed a complex with a high potential FeS protein of succinate dehydrogenase. Ischemia decreased the free radical species in myocardium ≈50%; the initiation of reflow of perfusate resulted in quick increase of the EPR signal. Mitochondria isolated from hearts during control perfusion and after 20–30 min of ischemia were able to produce superoxide radicals in both the NADH-coenzyme Q10 reductase and the bc1 segments of the respiratory chain. The rate of oxyradical generation was significantly higher in mitochondria isolated from ischemic heart. electron paramagnetic resonance; oxygen paradox; oxyradicals; rat heart; semiquinones

Corrigendum to: Determination of Selective Quinones and Quinoid Radicals in Airborne Particulate Matter and Vehicular Exhaust Particles

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Valavanidis ◽  
Konstantinos Fiotakis ◽  
Thomais Vlahogianni ◽  
Vasilios Papadimitriou ◽  
Vayia Pantikaki
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Semiquinone Radicals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Exhaust Particles ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Environmental Context.�Fine and coarse airborne particulate matter (PM) has been linked to increases in respiratory diseases and lung cancer. PM contains a variety of compounds, such as metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, and quinones adsorbed in a carbonaceous polymeric matrix. Although quinones are found in small amounts in PM, they are capable of redox cycling and in the presence of oxygen catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. ROS are responsible for the induction of oxidative stress, especially oxidative damage to cellular proteins and DNA. This paper investigated quantitatively selected quinones and hydroquinones by high performance liquid chromatography in various airborne PM samples. Also, we investigated the presence of persistent semiquinone radicals in solid samples and quinoid radicals in aqueous extracts of alkaline solution by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Abstract.�In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of the health effects of respirable particulate matter (PM) because of its deposition in the human lungs and adverse health effects. Analysis of PM content focused on substances of toxicological importance, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes, transition metals and various quinones. Recent studies shifted their attention to quinones and their toxicological role in PM. Quinones can be transformed into their semiquinones, which undergo redox cycling and reduce oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems, resulting in the induction of oxidative stress, especially oxidative damage to cellular components and DNA. In the present study, the presence of five quinones, 1,2-benzenediol (catechol) and 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone) in various PM samples was identified and measured quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography. Mean concentrations of individual target quinones ranged from 15-140 ng mg-1 in diesel and gasoline exhaust particles to 1.5-60 ng mg-1 (or 150-1100 pg m-3) in airborne PM (total suspended particulates, PM aerodynamic diameter 10 μm, PM aerodynamic diameter 2.1 μm) samples. Precision (repeatability and reproducibility) varied from 5 to 15%. Also, examples of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra for the single broad unstructured signal are presented, corresponding to the persistent stable semiquinone radicals of solid samples of PM, and the formation of quinoid radicals in aqueous extracts of PM samples in air-saturated carbonate-buffered solution, pH 9.5-10.

scholarly journals Remarkable rutin-rich Hypericum capitatum extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca D. Farcas ◽  
Augustin C. Mot ◽  
Cezara Zagrean-Tuza ◽  
Madalina Ticolea ◽  
Bogdan Sevastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Total Oxidative Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Abstract Background Natural extracts with beneficial biological activities are nowadays of high interest, in various treatment or prophylaxis. Hypericum capitatum has been known for its curative effects for centuries and its extracts have become of interest due to their distinct activity among other Hypericaceae members. In this study, further light is aimed to be shed on the secondary-metabolites composition of H. capitatum extracts, using chromatographic techniques and Electron paramagnetic resonance profiles in alkaline medium. Considering that no previous works explored the anti-inflammatory activity of H. capitatum, here, an in vivo study is also designed in order to evaluate this property by assessing the impact of one of H. capitatum extracts in ameliorating turpentine oil-induced inflammation on rats and to quantify their blood antioxidants level. Methods Chromatographic techniques and Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were used in order to describe the chemical profile in different parts of the plant. The in vivo study on turpentine-oil induced inflammation in rats included three doses of H. capitatum extract expressed in rutin concentration. Oxidative stress was measured using total oxidative status, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index, 3-nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and the inflammatory response was evaluated by performing a complete blood cells count and C reactive protein. Results The extract was remarkably rich in rutin; however, other polyphenolic-like minor components appeared important in explaining the observed biological properties. The tested extract prevents the increase of inflammation-induced white blood cell count, number of neutrophils, and serum nitric oxide, and did so in a dose-dependent manner, similarly to the positive control—diclofenac. In addition, the same extract appeared to be a good alternative to diclofenac to restore total oxidative status, thiobarbituric active reactive species, total proteins and C reactive proteins. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and total serum thiol concentration were significantly increased by the tested extract. Conclusions Due to its powerful reservoir rich in rutin, H. capitatum extract depicted its in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects indicating it to be a good alternative to conventional drugs for oxidative stress protection.

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