scholarly journals The Properties of Cu Ions in Zeolites CuY Studied by IR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4686
Author(s):  
Jerzy Podobiński ◽  
Mariusz Gackowski ◽  
Grzegorz Mordarski ◽  
Katarzyna Samson ◽  
Michał Śliwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Co Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
No And Co Adsorption ◽  
Cu Ions

The properties of both Cu2+ and Cu+ ions in zeolite CuY were followed with NO and CO as probe molecules. Cu2+ was found to be located in SII, SII*, and SIII sites, whereas Cu+ was found in SII and SII* sites. The fine analysis of the spectra of Cu2+-NO and Cu+-CO adducts suggests that both in SII and in SII* sites two kinds of Cu cations exist. They differ in the positive charge, which may be related to the varying numbers of AlO4− in close proximity. The experiments of NO and CO adsorption and desorption evidenced that both Cu2+ and Cu+ sites of highest positive charge bind probe molecules most strongly but activate them to a lesser extent than the Cu sites of lowest positive charge. The experiments of reduction with hydrogen evidenced that the Cu ions of higher positive charge are first reduced by hydrogen. On the other hand, Cu sites of the lowest positive charge are first oxidized by oxygen. The experiments with CuNaY zeolites of various Cu contents suggest that the first introduced Cu (at low Cu contents) created Cu+, which was the most neutralized by framework oxygens. Such Cu cations are the most stabilized by framework oxygens.

scholarly journals IR Studies of the Cu Ions in Cu-Faujasites

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽  
Jerzy Podobiński ◽  
Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik ◽  
Jerzy Datka
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Co Adsorption ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Adsorbed Molecules ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Cu Ions

The properties of Cu ions in dealuminated faujasite-type zeolites (Si/Al = 31) containing 1, 2, and 5 wt.% of Cu were investigated by IR spectroscopy with CO and NO as probe molecules. Cu was introduced by impregnation into zeolites in both protonic (HFAU) and sodium (NaFAU) forms of zeolite. Four kinds of Cu species were found: Cu+exch., Cu+oxide, Cu2+exch. (square, planar, and square pyramidal), and Cu2+oxide (CuO). The proportions between these four kinds of Cu depended on the amount of Cu and on the form of zeolite to which Cu was introduced (HFAU or NaFAU). Zeolites with 1 wt.% of Cu introduced to HFAU (denoted as Cu(1)HFAU) contained only Cu+exch., whereas other forms of Cu were present in zeolites of higher Cu contents. The concentration of Cu+exch. was determined by quantitative IR studies of CO adsorption. According to the IR results, some Cu ions were situated inside hexagonal prisms and/or cuboctahedra, and were inaccessible to adsorbed molecules. IR studies also evidenced that Cu ions in oxide forms—Cu+oxide and Cu2+oxide (CuO)—were better electron donors than Cu in exchange positions (Cu+exch. and Cu2+exch).

Intercalation Processes in Cobalt Substituted Nickel Oxyhydroxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cobalt Ions

AbstractChimie douce reactions (hydrolysis and reduction) from layered oxides : NaNiO2, NaxCoO2 and NaNil-xCoxO2 lead to numerous oxyhydroxides and hydroxides which differ by the composition of the intersheet space.According to the experimental conditions of the hydrolysis reaction, the oxyhydroxides can be unhydrated or intercalated with one or two layers of water molecules. From the most hydrated phases, the other ones can be obtained by chemical, thermal and even mechanical treatment.The reduction of Co-substituted nickel oxyhydroxides leads to hydroxides in which nickel and cobalt ions are respectively divalent and trivalent. In order to compensate the excess of positive charge in the (Ni, Co)O2 sheet, anions (OH-, CO32-, SO42-, NO3-) are inserted in the Van der Waals gap.For the highest anion amounts, well ordered α*-type materials are obtained. Water molecules are simultaneously inserted in the interslab space. Their structure is strongly related to the hydrotalcite one. When the amouit of anions in the intersheet space is not sufficient, interstratified materials are obtained. In this case the (Ni,Co)(OH)2 slabs are separated by a layer of CO32- anions and water molecules (α*-type) or by an empty Van der Waals gap (β(II)-type). The amount of α*-type planes in the structure increases with the cobalt amount. All these materials have been characterized by IR spectroscopy which allows to detect the existence of two types of O-H bonds (free in α*-type plane or hydrogen bonded in ²(II)-type plane).

On the Nature of Weak Spots in High-k Layers Submitted to Anneals

2004 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pétry ◽  
W. Vandervorst ◽  
O. Richard ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
P. DeWolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High K ◽  
High K Dielectric

ABSTRACTIn the path to the introduction of high-k dielectric into IC components, a large number of challenges have still to be solved. Some of the major issues concern the low mobility of carriers and the reliability of the devices. Trapped charges in the stack have been identified as being the cause of these issues. With this in mind, we used Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy, combined with physical analysis to understand the nature of these charges. In this contribution, we have studied the uniformity of thin HfO2 layers, with and without anneal. The Conducting Atomic Force microscopy measurements show spots of higher conductivity. Recording local IV's in those ‘weak’ spots suggests that they consist of positive charge. On the other hand, XPS and ToFSIMS analysis show a diffusion of the interfacial SiO2 upwards into the high-k layer. Finally, the comparison of samples with differing high-k material and crystallinity indicates a strong correlation between the weak spots and the presence of silicon in the film.

scholarly journals Costume Characteristics of Children Creation Dance in Kindergarten at Buleleng Bali

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Langen Bronto Sutrisno ◽  
Luh Suartini ◽  
I Gusti Made Budiarta
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
General View ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Aesthetic Aspect ◽  
The Aesthetic

Study related to characteristics of costumes worn in Children Creation Dance in kindergarten at Buleleng, Bali is aiming at (1) understanding the characteristics of children creation dance costume in kindergarten at Buleleng, Bali, (2) understanding the aesthetic characteristic of costume of children creation dance in kindergarten at Buleleng, Bali. The research employed qualitative method while the discussion part was presented in descriptive. Data was collected through observation, interview, literature, as well as documentation study. In a general view, characteristic of the costume was still in close proximity to the tradition but some others characteristics have quiet different to the tradition. Aesthetic aspect in dance costume that has adjacency to the tradition is shown in patterned costume, especially the use of kamen prada. The use of colour tends to be bright and cold which may show the atmosphere of happiness and assurance. On the other hand, the characteristics of costume is not traditional tends to emphasize dots and stripes. The impression of dots is shown in the use of sequin while the stripe impession is shown in fabric colour boundaries. In addition, the colours chosen for this type of costume are considerably similar to the colour chosen in traditional costume of creation dance which are bright and cold and give the impression of happiness and assurance.

Killer whale harrassment of Adélie penguins at Ross Island

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRANT BALLARD ◽  
DAVID G. AINLEY
Keyword(s):  
Killer Whale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Emperor Penguins ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Aptenodytes Forsteri ◽  
Adélie Penguins

On innumerable occasions, Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) have been observed in close proximity to killer whales (Orcinus orca), with no whale-penguin interactions reported. On the other hand, killer whales reportedly harass and eat seabirds on occasion (Walker 1968: p. 1122, Stacey et al. 1990, Williams et al. 1990). Killer whales are known to prey on young king penguins (A. patagonica) as they are fledging (Guinet 1992, Guinet & Bouvier 1995) and occasionally take emperor penguins (Mikhalev et al. 1981). Thomas et al. (1981) report killer whales chasing Adélies. Here we report the only observations of Adélie-killer whale interactions observed in nine field seasons on Ross Island.

scholarly journals Aqua(μ-cone-26,28-dibutoxy-25,27-bis{N-[5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl]carbamoylmethoxy}-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)calix[4]arene(2−))disodium acetonitrile tetrasolvate

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. m460-m461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pogisego Dinake ◽  
Polina E. Prokhorova ◽  
Vladimir S. Talanov ◽  
Ray J. Butcher ◽  
Galina G. Talanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecule ◽  
Title Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Solvent Molecules

The structure of the title complex, [Na2(C80H98N4O10S2)(H2O)]·4CH3CN, obtained after crystallization from acetonitrile, contains two formula units in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2) and an estimated four molecules of acetonitrile per calixarene moiety. It is unusual for two Na+ions to occupy the lower rims of the cone calix[4]arene, as in this case, with one Na+ion forming two O→ Na+coordinate bonds with the two butoxy groups and four such bonds with the two N-dansyl carboxamide groups, forming six dative bonds between Na+and O. On the other hand, the other Na+ion forms only five O→Na+coordinate bonds on the far end of the calix[4]arene lower rim, bringing the two dansyl groups in close proximity with each other. There also appears to be an O→Na+coordination coming from a dangling water molecule. The structure contained both resolved and poorly resolved solvent molecules. The latter were treated using the SQUEEZE routine inPLATON[Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155].

scholarly journals II.—Note on the Pyrites Deposits in the Province of Huelva in Spain

1872 ◽  
Vol 9 (92) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
S. R. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Boat Form

The method now adopted of working the lenticular deposits of pyrites occurring in the province of Huelva by open cutting and quarrying, is favourable to the examination of these singular masses of mineral. The latter run parallel with the strike of the beds; they are generally, but not always, in close proximity to greenstone, the greenstone often forming one wall or sahlband; they usually, but not always, decrease in width as they go down, and sometimes end in a boat form; they are generally, but not always, marked by oxidation on the surface, and generally, but not always, by a depression between the two walls. The latter phenomena, have been supposed to have been occasioned by the ancient mining for copper having worked away the upper surfaces and exposed fragments of mineral to oxidation; but the facts appear to be at variance with the causes thus assigned, inasmuch as there is extensive colouration where there have been no workings; and on the other hand, no subsidence in many cases where ancient workings exist.

Gettering Mechanism of Cu in Silicon Calculated from First Principles

2005 ◽  
Vol 108-109 ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhito Matsukawa ◽  
Nobusuke Hattori ◽  
Shigeto Maegawa ◽  
Koun Shirai ◽  
Hiroshi Katayama-Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dynamics Method

The binding energy between 3d transition metals (TM) such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu), and boron (B) in Si are studied using first-principles molecular dynamics method. The binding energies of between each TM for Fe, Ni, Cu and B are 0.64,0.57,and 0.44eV respectively, and the binding energy of Fe and B is the largest, on the other hand, binding energy of Ni and B is the smallest. This result is well in agreement with the experiment fact that Fe and Cu exist as a positive charge in P+ silicon, so it is easy to combine with the B, which has a negative charge, on the other hand, Ni exists in the state of neutrality electrically in P+ silicon, so it can not combine with B atom.

scholarly journals Leksyka na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim jako świadectwo wielojęzycznej przeszłości

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska ◽  
Janusz Siatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Spatial Understanding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The One

Lexis of the Polish-East Slavic Borderland as a Testimony to a Multilingual Past The importance of borderlands has been considered in many studies in various fields, both theoretical and empirical. In this study, the borderland is approached as a geographical term, an area in Poland which is located in close proximity to the eastern border. At the same time, this spatial understanding of the border area determines cultural, linguistic and ethnic borders, which are difficult to define precisely.This article deals with the issue of difficulties in unambiguously defining the origin of certain lexemes, a fact stemming from the complicated cultural, ethnic and linguistic past of the borderlands between the West and the East Slavic regions. This has been demonstrated drawing on the example of two words: czugun ‘cast iron’, ‘cast-iron pot’ and opołonik ‘large spoon, ladle’. On the one hand, they show the complexity of the multilingual past of the areas where they can be found; on the other hand, they are a testimony to old rural realities. Leksyka na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim jako świadectwo wielojęzycznej przeszłości W wielu publikacjach badaczy z różnych dziedzin rozpatrywano znaczenie pogranicza zarówno w studiach teoretycznych, jak i w pracach empirycznych. W tekście pogranicze jest traktowane jako określenie geograficzne, obszar na terenie Polski znajdujący się w bezpośredniej bliskości granicy państwowej na wschodzie. Jednocześnie to przestrzenne rozumienie pogranicza wyznacza trudne do precyzyjnego wytyczenia granice kultur, języków i etnosów.W artykule zajęto się problemem trudności w jednoznacznym rozstrzygnięciu pochodzenia wyrazu, które wynikają ze skomplikowanej, wspólnej przeszłości kulturowej, etnicznej oraz językowej ziem położonych na styku zachodniej i wschodniej Słowiańszczyzny. Wykazano to na przykładzie dwóch wyrazów – czugun ‘żeliwo’, ‘garnek żeliwny’ i opołonik ‘warząchew, łyżka wazowa’ – które z jednej strony pokazują uwikłanie wynikające z wielojęzycznej przeszłości terenów, gdzie występują, a z drugiej strony stanowią świadectwo dawnych realiów wiejskich.

scholarly journals Reinvestigations of the Li2O–Al2O3 system. Part I: LiAlO2 and Li3AlO3

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Piotr Tabero ◽  
Artur Frąckowiak ◽  
Grażyna Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
System A ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
System Part

Abstract Reinvestigations of the Li2O–Al2O3 system focused on the synthesis and properties of LiAlO2 and Li3AlO3 phases have been performed with the help of XRD and IR measuring techniques and Li2CO3, LiOH·H2O, Al2O3-sl., α-Al2O3, Al(NO3)3·9H2O and boehmite as reactants. Results of investigations have shown the formation of α-, β-, and γ- polymorphs of LiAlO2. It was found that only the use of LiOH·H2O as a reactant yields to β-LiAlO2 as a reaction product. On the other hand, it was proved that Li3AlO3 does not form in the Li2O–Al2O3 system. A new method for the synthesis of α-LiAlO2 was developed, consisting in grinding the mixture of Li2CO3 and Al(NO3)3·9H2O and heating the obtained paste at the temperature range of 400–600 °C. The IR spectroscopy was used to characterize obtained phases.

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