scholarly journals Effects of Duodenal 5-Hydroxytryptophan Perfusion on Melatonin Synthesis in GI Tract of Sheep

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5275
Author(s):  
Jun Pan ◽  
Fengming Li ◽  
Caidie Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Li ◽  
Shiqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Melatonin Production

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) duodenal perfusion on melatonin (MT) synthesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of sheep. 5-hydroxytryptophan is a precursor in the melatonin synthetic pathway. The results showed that this method significantly increased melatonin production in the mucosa of all segments in GI tract including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. The highest melatonin level was identified in the colon and this indicates that the microbiota located in the colon may also participate in the melatonin production. In addition, portion of the melatonin generated by the GI tract can pass the liver metabolism and enters the circulation via portal vein. The current study provides further evidence to support that GI tract is the major site for melatonin synthesis and the GI melatonin also contributes to the circulatory melatonin level since plasma melatonin concentrations in 5-HTP treated groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, the results show that 10–50 mg of 5-HTP flowing into the duodenum within 6 h effectively improve the production of melatonin in the GI tract and melatonin concentration in sheep blood circulation during the day.

Genetic variability in melatonin concentrations in ewes originates in its synthesis, not in its catabolism

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E1086-E1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Zarazaga ◽  
Benoît Malpaux ◽  
Daniel Guillaume ◽  
Loys Bodin ◽  
Philippe Chemineau
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Mean Residence Times ◽  
Melatonin Production

We investigated whether the genetic difference in plasma melatonin concentration in ewes was due to differences in the synthesis pathway from the pineal gland or in the catabolism of the hormone. Two groups of ewes [9 low (L) and 10 high (H)] were selected according to the breeding value of their mean nighttime plasma melatonin concentrations estimated at winter and summer solstices. In response to an identical dose of melatonin administered intravenously at 9:00 AM, no differences between groups were observed for any of the kinetic parameters: clearance rate, steady-state volume of distribution, terminal half-lives, and mean residence times. In the second experiment, two series of frequent blood samples were performed, one in the middle of the dark phase with samples taken every 5 min, and the other over 24 h with hourly samples. Highly significant differences between groups in nocturnal melatonin production rate were observed (L: 25.7 ± 2.8 vs. H: 63.1 ± 8.9 μg ⋅ kg−1⋅ h−1, P < 0.01). Thus the genetic differences in plasma melatonin concentrations in ewes originate in the synthesis pathway of the melatonin from the pineal gland rather than from differences in the catabolism of the hormone.

scholarly journals Kinetic studies and production rate of melatonin in pony mares

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. R1236-R1241
Author(s):  
D. Guillaume ◽  
N. Rio ◽  
P. L. Toutain
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Systemic Availability ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Melatonin Production

The aims of the present study were to determine basic kinetic parameters and the nycthemeral production rate of melatonin in the horse. Seven pony mares were used for the kinetic studies. Five other pony mares were used under long and short days for the production rate studies. Melatonin was administered by intravenous, oral, and intragastric routes at different dose levels. The plasma melatonin clearance was 1.02 +/- 0.31 l.kg-1.h-1, and the volume of distribution was 0.89 +/- 0.53 l/kg for the 0.4 microgram/kg melatonin dose. The systemic availability after oral and intragastric administration was consistently low (< or = 10%). The hourly melatonin production rates during short (36 +/- 33.6 ng.kg-1.h-1) and long nights (42 +/- 24.0 ng.kg-1.h-1) were not significantly different. It is concluded that the oral dose of exogenous melatonin required to control reproductive pattern in horses would need to be 10 times higher than the nocturnal melatonin production (0.5 microgram/kg) to obtain a physiological plasma melatonin concentration.

scholarly journals Changes in Salivary Melatonin Levels by Scaling and Root Planning in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Purrahmani ◽  
Negin Soghli ◽  
Durdi Qujeq ◽  
Amir Kiakojori ◽  
Hemmat Gholinia
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Salivary Melatonin ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes tissue destruction due to the imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory properties and is considered to be a biomarker and diagnostic/therapeutic agent in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the salivary melatonin level and its changes following non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. Methods: In total, 90 salivary samples were collected from 60 patients, including 30 from patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (before periodontal treatment), and 30 from the same patients one month after the non-surgical periodontal therapy, and 30 from periodontally healthy subjects (control). Salivary melatonin levels were measured using the competitive immunoassay of the human melatonin ELISA kit. Results: The highest melatonin concentration was observed in the control group (79.55 ± 59.22; P < 0.05), while the lowest concentration was observed in the pre-treatment group (P < 0.05). In addition, salivary melatonin concentration in the post-treatment group (56.58 ± 46.48) was significantly higher compared to the pre-treatment group (17.25 ± 5.79; P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, salivary melatonin levels improved after non-surgical periodontal therapy, which suggests the involvement of melatonin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the exact role of melatonin requires further investigation.

Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Janaína B Garcia ◽  
Fernanda G Do Amaral ◽  
Daniela C Buonfiglio ◽  
Rafaela FA Vendrame ◽  
Patrícia L Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pineal Melatonin ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Melatonin Production

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes.  Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.

The Effect of Moderate Weight Loss on Overnight Melatonin Secretion

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Anderson ◽  
S. E. Gartside ◽  
P. J. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Before And After

Overnight plasma melatonin level was measured in ten healthy women before and after a 4300 kJ (1000 kcaI) diet in which they lost an average 3.1 kg. This weight loss did not significantly alter melatonin levels.

Physical exercise accelerates reentrainment of human sleep-wake cycle but not of plasma melatonin rhythm to 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. R681-R691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujiro Yamanaka ◽  
Satoko Hashimoto ◽  
Yusuke Tanahashi ◽  
Shin-ya Nishide ◽  
Sato Honma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporal Isolation ◽  
Melatonin Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Shift Schedule ◽  
Sleep Schedule

Effects of timed physical exercise were examined on the reentrainment of sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. Seventeen male adults spent 12 days in a temporal isolation facility with dim light conditions (<10 lux). The sleep schedule was phase-advanced by 8 h from their habitual sleep times for 4 days, which was followed by a free-run session for 6 days, during which the subjects were deprived of time cues. During the shift schedule, the exercise group ( n = 9) performed physical exercise with a bicycle ergometer in the early and middle waking period for 2 h each. The control group ( n = 8) sat on a chair at those times. Their sleep-wake cycles were monitored every day by polysomnography and/or weight sensor equipped with a bed. The circadian rhythm in plasma melatonin was measured on the baseline day before phase shift: on the 4th day of shift schedule and the 5th day of free-run. As a result, the sleep-onset on the first day of free-run in the exercise group was significantly phase-advanced from that in the control and from the baseline. On the other hand, the circadian melatonin rhythm was significantly phase-delayed in the both groups, showing internal desynchronization of the circadian rhythms. The sleep-wake cycle resynchronized to the melatonin rhythm by either phase-advance or phase-delay shifts in the free-run session. These findings indicate that the reentrainment of the sleep-wake cycle to a phase-advanced schedule occurs independent of the circadian pacemaker and is accelerated by timed physical exercise.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the localization of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms in albino mice anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, ether or chlorophorm

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Machado e Silva ◽  
Maria Adriana Dias de Lima ◽  
Rosângela Rodrigues e Silva ◽  
Arnaldo Maldonado Jr. ◽  
Octávio Augusto França Presgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Mesenteric Veins ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Difference

The effect of anesthetic drugs on the localization of adult worms in albino mice was compared. The animals with 56 days of infection were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, ether or chlorophorm. Perfusion was carried out immediately after, recovering the worms and classifying them in relation to their localization on the liver or portal vein and the mesenteric veins. Our results showed that pentobarbital sodium produced a greater displacement of the worms to the liver (89%) than ether (76%) and chlorophorm (34%) did, when compared to the control group (22%). The difference between pentobarbital sodium and ether was significant (p < 0.05). We suggest that anesthetic drugs may not be used in studies on the distribution of adult worms in several hosts.

scholarly journals URINARY RETENTION EFFECT IN THE INCREASED OF PSA EXPRESSION WITHIN PROSTATIC TISSUE

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi ◽  
I Ketut Sudiana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Blood ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Prostatic Gland

Objective: To determine whether the increased of PSA expression within prostatic tissue and subsequent systemic blood circulation in acute urinary retention cases of nonmalignant origin were caused by acute inflammation on the prostatic gland. Following this inflammation, PSA willincrease, producing byacinar epitelial cells in the gland and continue to capillary vessels before entering the blood circulation. Material & method: Thirty male Rattus Norvegicus were randomly allocated into 3 groups. A control group underwent urethral manipulation, treatment-1 group and -2 group underwent proximal urethral ligation. Prostatectomy was performed after 24 hours in the control and treatment-1 group. Ligation was removed after 24 hours in treatment-2 group, and prostatectomy performed after 4x24 hours. Each prostate specimen was examined for PSA expression by immunohistochemistry methods in the prostatic gland. Statistical analysis of study data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and performed ANOVA with level of significance α = 0.01.Results: Study results showed an increase PSA expression significantly after urinary retention and returned to normal values four days later after relief of retention.Conclusion: Urinary retention caused acute inflammation on the prostatic gland and increased PSA expression within prostatic tissue. Entry of PSA into stroma and subsequent systemic blood circulation occur through significant increase in PSA production by acinar epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Changes in Indicators of Microcirculation in the Early Postoperative Period in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Fractures of the Shin Bones Using a Plate with Limited Contact

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
A. I. Plakhov ◽  
L. I. Kolesnikova ◽  
L. I. Korytov ◽  
V. G. Vinogradov ◽  
M. A. Darenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures

Background. Unsatisfactory results of treatment, such as delayed consolidation and non-fusion of fractures, the formation of false joints and limb bone defects, have no tendency to decrease. We can assume that one of the leading factors of complications in traumatology is a violation of microcirculation in the affected segment of the limb.Aims. To identify patterns of changes in the parameters of the microcirculatory bed of the damaged segment of the lower limb when fixing bone fragments with a plate with limited contact in the early period after surgery.Materials and methods. In 25 patients, we studied four parameters of microcirculation of the lower limb segment with application of laser Doppler flowmetry. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers, comparable in age and sex with the study group.Results. We found that in the early postoperative period (from the first to the 10th day after the surgery) in patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia operated with metal plate with limited contact there was an increase in microcirculation by 75.69 %, an increase in the proportion of the nutritive component of microcirculation compared to the shunt fraction by 24.64 %, as well as an increase in more than one ratio of the amplitude of the heart and respiratory range. All of that indicates a local circulatory disorder in the nutritive arterial hyperemia. We note that the increase in the amplitude of the respiratory component by 17.22 % and the equality of the amplitude of the cardiac range compared with the control group indicate violations of local blood circulation by the type of venous stagnation.Conclusion. On the basis of the results obtained, we note that patients with diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones treated with metal osteosynthesis with a plate with limited contact in the early postoperative period develop a violation of local blood circulation in the stagnant-hyperemic type.

scholarly journals Improvement of sleep patterns and serum melatonin levels in children with autism spectrum disorders after consumption of beta-1,3/1,6-glucan in a pilot clinical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadalraja Raghavan ◽  
Vidyasagar Devaprasad Dedeepiya ◽  
Ramesh Shankar Kandaswamy ◽  
Mangaleswaran Balamurugan ◽  
Nobunao Ikewaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Study objectives: Poor sleep quality is a major problem that patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face, which is attributed to their low melatonin levels. Melatonin supplementation is recommended, but its effectiveness is varied. Beta-glucans have previously been reported to improve melatonin levels in animal studies. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of Aureobasidium pullulans (Nichi Glucan), a species of black yeast that contains beta-1,3/1,6-glucan, in a pilot study of children with ASD. Methods Thirteen children (age = 2.5 to 13 years) with ASD were recruited into the study. The control group consisted of four patients (Gr. 1), while nine patients were in the treatment group (Gr. 2). Gr. 2 received 1 g of Nichi Glucan along with conventional therapy, whereas Gr. 1 underwent conventional therapy alone for 90 days. The serum melatonin levels and sleep patterns, assessed using a subjective questionnaire, were evaluated before and after treatment. Results In Gr. 2, the average serum melatonin level increased from 238.85 ng/dl pre-intervention to 394.72 ng/dl post-intervention. Eight out of nine subjects (88%) in Gr. 2 group showed and improvement in their sleep pattern and quality, while this improvement was not observed in the control group. Conclusions Our study is the first in the literature to report that consumption of Nichi Glucan for 90 days showed visible improvement in sleep quality, sleep pattern, and serum melatonin levels. A larger multicentre study is warranted to validate our findings.

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