scholarly journals A Review on Conventional and Advanced Methods for Nanotoxicology Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Anny Leudjo Taka ◽  
Charlotte Mungho Tata ◽  
Michael John Klink ◽  
Xavier Yangkou Mbianda ◽  
Fanyana Moses Mtunzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Nanostructure ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Excellent Chemical

Nanotechnology can be defined as the field of science and technology that studies material at nanoscale (1–100 nm). These nanomaterials, especially carbon nanostructure-based composites and biopolymer-based nanocomposites, exhibit excellent chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, and many other properties beneficial for their application in many consumer products (e.g., industrial, food, pharmaceutical, and medical). The current literature reports that the increased exposure of humans to nanomaterials could toxicologically affect their environment. Hence, this paper aims to present a review on the possible nanotoxicology assays that can be used to evaluate the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. The different ways humans are exposed to nanomaterials are discussed, and the recent toxicity evaluation approaches of these nanomaterials are critically assessed.

Toxicity Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials: Risk Evaluation Tools (Phase 3 Studies)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Hussain ◽  
Christin Grabinski ◽  
Nicole Schaeublin ◽  
Elizabeth Maurer ◽  
Mohan Sankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
Phase 3

Capitalising on ageing anxieties: Promissory discourse and the creation of an ‘anti-ageing treatment’ market

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Economic Sociology ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Health It ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Ageing Treatment ◽  
Societal Impacts

Long portrayed as a potential economic burden, population ageing is increasingly viewed as offering new marketing opportunities. This is perhaps nowhere more evident than in the market of ‘anti-ageing treatments’ (AATs). Over the last two decades, this market has rapidly expanded to encompass a vast variety of products that are advertised for their promise to prevent, delay, reverse or mask the effects of ageing. Drawing on ideas from economic sociology and science and technology studies, this article explores the character, foundations and operations of the promissory discourse that underpins the AAT market. It is argued that this discourse rests upon assumptions about the operations of markets and about how consumer products are ascribed value that are problematic and exploit the anxieties that surround ageing and self-responsibility for health. It is a discourse that serves to reinforce the commodification of ageing and ageism. The article concludes by suggesting that, while the promissory discourse of AATs will be difficult to sustain over the longer term, since what is promised mostly cannot be delivered, its personal and societal impacts over the short to medium term are likely to be profound.

scholarly journals Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 1. Preparation, functionalization and characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gubala ◽  
Linda J. Johnston ◽  
Ziwei Liu ◽  
Harald Krug ◽  
Colin J. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
To Come ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, as evidenced by the large number of publications on the synthesis, characterization, and biological/environmental effects of new nano-sized materials. The unique, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have been exploited in a diverse range of applications and in many examples of nano-enabled consumer products. In this account we focus on Engineered Nanomaterials (ENM), a class of deliberately designed and constructed nano-sized materials. Due to the large volume of publications, we separated the preparation and characterisation of ENM from applications and toxicity into two interconnected documents. Part 1 summarizes nanomaterial terminology and provides an overview of the best practices for their preparation, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization. Part 2 (this issue, Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(8): 1325–1356) focuses on ENM that are used in products that are expected to come in close contact with consumers. It reviews nanomaterials used in therapeutics, diagnostics, and consumer goods and summarizes current nanotoxicology challenges and the current state of nanomaterial regulation, providing insight on the growing public debate on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its potential benefits.

scholarly journals Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 2. Applications and nanotoxicology (IUPAC Technical Report)

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1325-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gubala ◽  
Linda J. Johnston ◽  
Harald F. Krug ◽  
Colin J. Moore ◽  
Christopher K. Ober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Nanosized Materials ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Technical Report

AbstractResearch on engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has progressed rapidly from the very early stages of studying their unique, size-dependent physicochemical properties and commercial exploration to the development of products that influence our everyday lives. We have previously reviewed various methods for synthesis, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization of ENM in a publication titled ‘Engineered Nanomaterials: Preparation, Functionalization and Characterization’. In this second, inter-linked document, we first provide an overview of important applications of ENM in products relevant to human healthcare and consumer goods, such as food, textiles, and cosmetics. We then highlight the challenges for the design and development of new ENM for bio-applications, particularly in the rapidly developing nanomedicine sector. The second part of this document is dedicated to nanotoxicology studies of ENM in consumer products. We describe the various biological targets where toxicity may occur, summarize the four nanotoxicology principles, and discuss the need for careful consideration of the biodistribution, degradation, and elimination routes of nanosized materials before they can be safely used. Finally, we review expert opinions on the risk, regulation, and ethical aspects of using engineered nanomaterials in applications that may have direct or indirect impact on human health or our environment.

In Defense of Engineering Sciences

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Boon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents an overview of discussions in the philosophy of technology on epistemological relations between science and technology, illustrating that often several mutually entangled issues are at stake. The focus is on conceptual and ideological issues concerning the relationship between scientific and technological knowledge. It argues that a widely accepted hierarchy between science and technology, which echoes classic conceptions of epistêmê and technê, engendered the need of emancipating technology from science, thus shifting focus to epistemic aspects of engineering design and design methodology at the cost of in-depth philosophical analysis of the role of scientific research in the engineering sciences. Consequently, the majority of current literature on this topic in the philosophy of technology presents technology as almost completely divided from and independent of science, thereby losing sight of the epistemic relations between contemporary scientific practices and technology.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of New Engineered Nanomaterials in Zebrafish

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Brundo ◽  
Roberta Pecoraro ◽  
Fabio Marino ◽  
Antonio Salvaggio ◽  
Daniele Tibullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation

scholarly journals The Gender Gap in STEM Fields: Theories, Movements, and Ideas to Engage Girls in STEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Reinking ◽  
Barbara Martin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Early Atmosphere ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Positive Learning Environments

The 2010 President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology indicated that there was a need to provide individuals with strong STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) backgrounds in order to be a competitive country internationally. Additionally, it has been found that there is a gender gap in STEM related fields. Therefore, this article describes theories related to the gender gap in the STEM field and ways to engage girls in STEM related fields in order to close the gender gap. The researchers of this study did extensive research to review the current literature, condense and summarize the findings from various studies, and provide steps for educators to engage in that will create an early atmosphere of positive learning environments for girls to be curious about STEM concepts.  

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