scholarly journals Spectral Properties of Foams and Emulsions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7704
Author(s):  
Andra Dinache ◽  
Mihail-Lucian Pascu ◽  
Adriana Smarandache
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies

The optical and spectral properties of foams and emulsions provide information about their micro-/nanostructures, chemical and time stability and molecular data of their components. Foams and emulsions are collections of different kinds of bubbles or drops with particular properties. A summary of various surfactant and emulsifier types is performed here, as well as an overview of methods for producing foams and emulsions. Absorption, reflectance, and vibrational spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy) studies are detailed in connection with the spectral characterization techniques of colloidal systems. Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) data for foams and emulsions are likewise introduced. The utility of spectroscopic approaches has grown as processing power and analysis capabilities have improved. In addition, lasers offer advantages due to the specific properties of the emitted beams which allow focusing on very small volumes and enable accurate, fast, and high spatial resolution sample characterization. Emulsions and foams provide exceptional sensitive bases for measuring low concentrations of molecules down to the level of traces using spectroscopy techniques, thus opening new horizons in microfluidics.

scholarly journals Plasmonic Resonant Nanoantennas Induce Changes in the Shape and the Intensity of Infrared Spectra of Phospholipids

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Fatima Omeis ◽  
Zahia Boubegtiten-Fezoua ◽  
Ana Filipa Santos Seica ◽  
Romain Bernard ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Electric Field Enhancement ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Different Temperatures

Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopic studies (SEIRAS) as a technique to study biological molecules in extremely low concentrations is greatly evolving. In order to use the technique for identification of the structure and interactions of such biological molecules, it is necessary to identify the effects of the plasmonic electric-field enhancement on the spectral signature. In this study the spectral properties of 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphothioethanol (DPPTE) phospholipid immobilized on gold nanoantennas, specifically designed to enhance the vibrational fingerprints of lipid molecules were studied. An AFM study demonstrates an organization of the DPPTE phospholipid in bilayers on the nanoantenna structure. The spectral data were compared to SEIRAS active gold surfaces based on nanoparticles, plain gold and plain substrate (Si) for different temperatures. The shape of the infrared signals, the peak positions and their relative intensities were found to be sensitive to the type of surface and the presence of an enhancement. The strongest shifts in position and intensity were seen for the nanoantennas, and a smaller effect was seen for the DPPTE immobilized on gold nanoparticles. This information is crucial for interpretation of data obtained for biological molecules measured on such structures, for future application in nanodevices for biologically or medically relevant samples.

scholarly journals New Horizons in the use of routine data for ageing research

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver M Todd ◽  
Jennifer K Burton ◽  
Richard M Dodds ◽  
Joe Hollinghurst ◽  
Ronan A Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Health And Social Care

Abstract The past three decades have seen a steady increase in the availability of routinely collected health and social care data and the processing power to analyse it. These developments represent a major opportunity for ageing research, especially with the integration of different datasets across traditional boundaries of health and social care, for prognostic research and novel evaluations of interventions with representative populations of older people. However, there are considerable challenges in using routine data at the level of coding, data analysis and in the application of findings to everyday care. New Horizons in applying routine data to investigate novel questions in ageing research require a collaborative approach between clinicians, data scientists, biostatisticians, epidemiologists and trial methodologists. This requires building capacity for the next generation of research leaders in this important area. There is a need to develop consensus code lists and standardised, validated algorithms for common conditions and outcomes that are relevant for older people to maximise the potential of routine data research in this group. Lastly, we must help drive the application of routine data to improve the care of older people, through the development of novel methods for evaluation of interventions using routine data infrastructure. We believe that harnessing routine data can help address knowledge gaps for older people living with multiple conditions and frailty, and design interventions and pathways of care to address the complex health issues we face in caring for older people.

scholarly journals A Spatial Study of X-ray Properties in Superbubble 30 Dor C with XMM-Newton

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 737-737
Author(s):  
Y. Babazaki ◽  
I. Mitsuishi ◽  
H. Sano ◽  
S. Yoshiike ◽  
T. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The West ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Index ◽  
Circumstellar Environment

AbstractThe superbubble (SB) 30 Dor C with the strong non-thermal X-ray emission is one of the best targets for study of the cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration. We investigated X-ray spectral properties of the SB with a high spatial resolution of ~10 pc. Consequently, the spectra in the east regions can be described with a combination of absorbed thermal and non-thermal models while the spectra in the west regions can be fitted with an absorbed non-thermal model. We found that the observed photon index and intensity in 2-10 keV show variations of 2.0-3.5 and (0.6-8.0) × 10−7 erg s−1 cm−2 str−1, respectively. The results are possibly caused by the spatial variation of the CR acceleration efficiency and/or the circumstellar environment.

scholarly journals Modelling extrasolar planetary atmospheres

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 695-696
Author(s):  
France Allard
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Properties ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Dust Cloud ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Tidal Effects ◽  
Hydrodynamic Simulations ◽  
Stellar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Escape

AbstractThe atmospheres of close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets (EGPs) experience important stellar radiation, raising the question of the heat redistribution around the planetary surface and of the importance of photochemistry effects for their spectral properties. They experience mass loss via quasi-thermal escape of their lightest elements. They rotate and experience tidal effects. Model atmospheres struggle to include even part of this complexity. Some address the dynamics of the atmospheres as a whole (3D) as subjected to rotation, or as patches of the surface (wind studies), compromising on the details of the composition and radiative/convective properties. Others solve the composition and radiative/convective properties, compromising on dynamical effects such as rotation. In this paper, we review existing model atmospheres for EGPs, and present the first high spatial resolution local (as opposed to global) 2/3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations of EGP atmospheres including dust cloud formation.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy Studies of TRISO-Particle Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
Zuzanna M Krajewska ◽  
W Gudowski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Triso Fuel ◽  
Fuel Fabrication ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Development of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors opens new horizons for nuclear power in Poland. Good understanding of the failure-free performance of Tri-structural ISOtropic (TRISO)-particle fuel is a key for the safe and efficient operation of those reactors. It is also essential to avoid potential errors in TRISO fuel production for the HTR program in Poland. In a longer perspective to ensure the highest possible quality of the TRISO fuel fabrication and storage before loading into the reactor core, it is necessary to control the quality of the TRISO-particle fuel in order to understand the aging of fresh fuel. Nevertheless, such a solution requires to determine whether the passage of time affects the occurrence of changes in TRISO fuel layer’s structure and at the same time whether it contributes to increasing the probability of damage to the examined fuel material. For this purpose, it is planned to perform an experiment on different types of TRISO fuel, produced in different periods of time. The comparative analysis will be based mainly on the experimental method of Raman spectroscopy.

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