Ochratoxin A and 2′R-Ochratoxin A in Selected Foodstuffs and Dietary Risk Assessment

The aim of this study was to estimate the contamination of grain coffee, roasted coffee, instant coffee, and cocoa purchased in local markets with ochratoxin A (OTA) and its isomerization product 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA), and to assess risk of dietary exposure to the mycotoxins. OTA and 2′R-OTA content was determined using the HPLC chromatography with immunoaffinity columns dedicated to OTA. OTA levels found in all the tested samples were below the maximum limits specified in the European Commission Regulation EC 1881/2006. Average OTA concentrations calculated for positive samples of grain coffee/roasted coffee/instant coffee/cocoa were 0.94/0.79/3.00/0.95 µg/kg, with the concentration ranges: 0.57–1.97/0.44–2.29/0.40–5.15/0.48–1.97 µg/kg, respectively. Average 2′R-OTA concentrations calculated for positive samples of roasted coffee/instant coffee were 0.90/1.48 µg/kg, with concentration ranges: 0.40–1.26/1.00–2.12 µg/kg, respectively. In turn, diastereomer was not found in any of the tested cocoa samples. Daily intake of both mycotoxins with coffee/cocoa would be below the TDI value even if the consumed coffee/cocoa were contaminated with OTA/2′R-OTA at the highest levels found in this study. Up to now only a few papers on both OTA and 2′R-OTA in roasted food products are available in the literature, and this is the first study in Poland.

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Measuring Ochratoxin A Concentrations in Coffee Beverages with Immunoaffinity Columns and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.15-0233 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 469-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen-Ling Chen ◽

Chiung-Wen Chang ◽

Chia-Yang Chen

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Instant Coffee ◽

Chain Stores ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Coffee Beans ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Core Column ◽

Immunoaffinity Columns

Abstract This study developed and validated a method for measuring concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee beverages, not coffee beans. The new method involved extraction using immunoaffinity columns and ultra-performance LC (UPLC)-MS/MS using isotope-dilution techniques. The combination of a fused-core column and UPLC significantly shortened chromatographic time to 3 min compared to reported UPLC methods. The method was sensitive, with an LOD and LOQ of 0.52 and 1.73 pg/mL, respectively. Quantitative intraday (n = 4) and interday (n = 4) biases and RSD were both below 15%. The OTA levels in 40 samples of freshly brewed coffee from chain stores, 24 samples of canned ready-to-drink coffee, and 6 beverages made from instant coffee granules ranged from 1.60 to 93.2 pg/mL (90% positive), 6.00 to 131 pg/mL (100% positive), and 21.8 to 59.0 pg/mL (100% positive), respectively. Based on published tolerable daily intake, men and women in Taiwan should consume no more than 6.3 and 5.1 fifteen gram packages of instant coffee per day, respectively. Specific suggestions were not made for brewed coffee and canned coffee because of their large variation in OTA concentrations. This study should be more relevant to actual human exposure than those studying OTA in green, roasted, and ground coffee beans alone.

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Comprehensive estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of pesticide residues for chronic dietary risk assessment in Argentina

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B ◽

10.1080/03601234.2016.1272997 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Darío A. Maggioni ◽

Marcelo L. Signorini ◽

Nicolás Michlig ◽

María R. Repetti ◽

Mirna E. Sigrist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Theoretical Maximum ◽

Dietary Risk ◽

Dietary Risk Assessment

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Dissipation Dynamics and Dietary Risk Assessment of Kresoxim-Methyl Residue in Rice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

MingNa Sun ◽

Lu Yu ◽

Zhou Tong ◽

Xu Dong ◽

Yue Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Dynamic Testing ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Dietary Risk ◽

Dietary Risk Assessment

Kresoxim-methyl is a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum fungicide used for the control of rice fungal diseases; however, its residues after application potentially threaten human health. Investigations on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl residue in rice field systems and dietary risk assessment of kresoxim-methyl in humans are limited. The present study employed the QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS method for residue analysis of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants, brown rice, and rice husks. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by PSA, C18 column, and GCB. The average recovery of the spiked target compounds in the three matrices was between 80.5% and 99.3%, and the RSD was between 2.1% and 7.1%. The accuracy and precision of the method is in accordance with the requirements of residue analysis methods. Dissipation dynamic testing of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants indicated a half-life within the range of 1.8–6.0 days, and a rapid dissipation rate was detected. Dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of kresoxim-methyl in various Chinese subpopulations was 0.022–0.054 μg/(kg bw·days), and the risk quotient (RQ) was 0.0000055–0.00014%. These findings indicate that the risk for chronic dietary intake of kresoxim-methyl in brown rice is relatively low. The present study provides information and theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of kresoxim-methyl in rice fields and evaluating its dietary risk in brown rice.

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Analysis of Multi-Pesticide Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment in Fresh Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) from Local Supermarkets of the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9100249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Sebastian Elgueta ◽

Marcela Valenzuela ◽

Marcela Fuentes ◽

Pilar Ulloa ◽

Cecilia Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Potential Health ◽

Dietary Risk ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Maximum Residue Levels ◽

Residue Levels ◽

Dietary Risk Assessment

In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.

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