scholarly journals Triptycene Derivatives: From Their Synthesis to Their Unique Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Mateusz Woźny ◽  
Adam Mames ◽  
Tomasz Ratajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Regioselective Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Scaffolds ◽  
Synthetic Methodology ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Solid States ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Sterically Demanding ◽  
Great Progress

Since the first preparation of triptycene, great progress has been made with respect to its synthesis and the understanding of its properties. Interest in triptycene-based systems is intense; in recent years, advances in the synthetic methodology and properties of new triptycenes have been reported by researchers from various fields of science. Here, an account of these new developments is given and placed in reference to earlier pivotal works that underpin the field. First, we discuss new approaches to the synthesis of new triptycenes. Progress in the regioselective synthesis of sterically demanding systems is discussed. The application of triptycenes in catalysis is also presented. Next, progress in the understanding of the relations between triptycene structures and their properties is discussed. The unique properties of triptycenes in the liquid and solid states are elaborated. Unique interactions, which involve triptycene molecular scaffolds, are presented. Molecular interactions within a triptycene unit, as well as between triptycenes or triptycenes and other molecules, are also evaluated. In particular, the summary of the synthesis and useful features will be helpful to researchers who are using triptycenes as building blocks in the chemical and materials sciences.

Battlefields from Event to Heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carman ◽  
Patricia Carman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Modern War

What is—or makes a place—a ‘historic battlefield’? From one perspective the answer is a simple one—it is a place where large numbers of people came together in an organized manner to fight one another at some point in the past. But from another perspective it is far more difficult to identify. Quite why any such location is a place of battle—rather than any other kind of event—and why it is especially historic is more difficult to identify. This book sets out an answer to the question of what a historic battlefield is in the modern imagination, drawing upon examples from prehistory to the twentieth century. Considering battlefields through a series of different lenses, treating battles as events in the past and battlefields as places in the present, the book exposes the complexity of the concept of historic battlefield and how it forms part of a Western understanding of the world. Taking its lead from new developments in battlefield study—especially archaeological approaches—the book establishes a link to and a means by which these new approaches can contribute to more radical thinking about war and conflict, especially to Critical Military and Critical Security Studies. The book goes beyond the study of battles as separate and unique events to consider what they mean to us and why we need them to have particular characteristics. It will be of interest to archaeologists, historians, and students of modern war in all its forms.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Li ◽  
Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng ◽  
Yi-Han Chiu ◽  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Ming-Feng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Made In

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies.

Triflate-functionalized calix[6]arenes as versatile building-blocks: application to the synthesis of an inherently chiral Zn(ii) complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zahim ◽  
Roy Lavendomme ◽  
Olivia Reinaud ◽  
Michel Luhmer ◽  
Gwilherm Evano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Regioselective Synthesis ◽  
Inherently Chiral

The regioselective synthesis of two calix[6]arenes bearing triflate groups is described. These compounds constitute versatile molecular platforms that allow the elaboration of sophisticated calixarene-based systems selectively functionalized at the large and/or at the small rim.

scholarly journals A journey from reductionist to systemic cell biology aboard the schooner Tara

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2403-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Karsenti
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

In this essay I describe my personal journey from reductionist to systems cell biology and describe how this in turn led to a 3-year sea voyage to explore complex ocean communities. In describing this journey, I hope to convey some important principles that I gleaned along the way. I realized that cellular functions emerge from multiple molecular interactions and that new approaches borrowed from statistical physics are required to understand the emergence of such complex systems. Then I wondered how such interaction networks developed during evolution. Because life first evolved in the oceans, it became a natural thing to start looking at the small organisms that compose the plankton in the world's oceans, of which 98% are … individual cells—hence the Tara Oceans voyage, which finished on 31 March 2012 in Lorient, France, after a 60,000-mile around-the-world journey that collected more than 30,000 samples from 153 sampling stations.

Emulsion templated advanced functional materials from emerging nano building blocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenfei Yao ◽  
Ge Shi ◽  
Yijie Hu ◽  
Hao Zhuo ◽  
Zehong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Transition Metal Carbides ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress

The development of emulsion templated functional materials has achieved great progress in the past decades in academic and industrial fields. Recently, new building blocks such as graphene, transition metal carbides...

New Developments in Quasigroup-Based Cryptography

2014 ◽  
pp. 286-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mileva
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Codes ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Identification Schemes ◽  
Public Key Cryptosystems ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Given

This chapter offers an overview of new developments in quasigroup-based cryptography, especially of new defined quasigroup-based block ciphers and stream ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes, PRNGs, public key cryptosystems, etc. Special attention is given to Multivariate Quadratic Quasigroups (MQQs) and MQQ public key schemes, because of their potential to become one of the most efficient pubic key algorithms today. There are also directions of using MQQs for building Zero knowledge ID-based identification schemes. Recent research activities show that some existing non-quasigroup block ciphers or their building blocks can be represented by quasigroup string transformations. There is a method for generating optimal 4x4 S-boxes by quasigroups of order 4, by which a more optimized hardware implementation of the given S-box can be obtained. Even some block ciphers' modes of operations can be represented by quasigroup string transformations, which leads to finding weaknesses in the interchanged use of these modes.

Efficient labeling of organic molecules using 13C elemental carbon: universal access to 13C2-labeled synthetic building blocks, polymers and pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Ledovskaya ◽  
Vladimir V. Voronin ◽  
Konstantin S. Rodygin ◽  
Valentine P. Ananikov
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthetic Methodology ◽  
Vinyl Derivatives

Synthetic methodology enabled by 13C-elemental carbon is reported. Calcium carbide Ca13C2 was applied to introduce a universal 13C2 unit in the synthesis of labeled alkynes, O,S,N-vinyl derivatives, labeled polymers and 13C2-pyridazine drug core.

scholarly journals Single cell ecology

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Richards ◽  
Ramon Massana ◽  
Stefano Pagliara ◽  
Neil Hall
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
The Way

Cells are the building blocks of life, from single-celled microbes through to multi-cellular organisms. To understand a multitude of biological processes we need to understand how cells behave, how they interact with each other and how they respond to their environment. The use of new methodologies is changing the way we study cells allowing us to study them on minute scales and in unprecedented detail. These same methods are allowing researchers to begin to sample the vast diversity of microbes that dominate natural environments. The aim of this special issue is to bring together research and perspectives on the application of new approaches to understand the biological properties of cells, including how they interact with other biological entities. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

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