Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism Prevalence in a Portuguese Sample

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses a set of disorders involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. It is a complex biopsychosocial disorder with several triggering, predisposing and perpetuating factors. In the etiology of TMD, oral parafunctions, namely bruxism, play a relevant role. The study of bruxism is complicated by some taxonomic and diagnostic aspects that have prevented achieving an acceptable standardization of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and bruxism in a Portuguese sample.

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Asociación entre hábitos parafuncionales de la cavidad bucal y los transtornos temporomandibulares en adolescentes

REVISTA ODONTOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA ◽

10.33738/spo.v10i2.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Muñoz Quintana

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Neuromuscular System ◽

Jaw Movements ◽

Nail Biting ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Masticatory System ◽

Objective Being

La musculatura del sistema masticatorio y la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) están protegidos por reflejos nerviosos básicos y sistema neuromuscular a través de la coordinación de fuerzas musculares, todo lo que produce sobrecarga muscular repetitiva como los hábitos parafuncionales (HPF) pueden ocasionar trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM)1. Los HPF se caracterizan por movimientos anormales a la función mandibular normal sin objetivo funcional, al estar alterados constituyen una fuente productora de fuerzas traumáticas caracterizadas por dirección anormal, intensidad excesiva y repetición frecuente y duradera (Rolando Castillo Hernández, 2001)4. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la asociación entre la presencia de hábitos parafuncionales de la cavidad bucal y los TTM en adolescentes de la ciudad de Puebla. Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron 258 adolescentes, 132 (51.2%) mujeres y 126 (48.8%) hombres, con una edad promedio de 12.5±.73 y quienes fueron diagnosticados con los CDI/TTM y los HPF fueron auto-reportados por los pacientes. Se encontró una prevalencia de los TTM del 39.9% y una prevalencia de HPF del 86%. Los HPF más frecuentemente reportados fueron la succión labial y la onicofagia. Se encontró una asociación significativa (x2=7.31, p=0.007) entre los hábitos parafuncionales y los TTM en adolescentes. Palabras clave: Trastornos temporomandibulares, hábitos parafuncionales, adolescentes, articulación temporomandibular. Abstract The muscles of the masticatory system and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are protected by basic nerve reflex and neuromuscular system through the coordination of muscle forces, all that repetitive muscle overload occurs as habit parafunctional (HPF) can cause temporomandibular disorder TMD)1. The characteristics of HPF are abnormal jaw movements without a functional objective. Being the jaw movements altered, they constitute a source of traumatic forces with an abnormal direction, excessive intensity and long-lasting and frequent duration. (Rolando Hernandez Castillo 2001)4. Objective: was to identify the association between the presences of parafunctional habits of the oral cavity and TMD in adolescents in the Puebla city in Mexico. Material and methods: Is a observational study, we included 258 adolescents 132 (51%) females and 126 (48.8%) were men, mean age 12.5±.73 and who were diagnosed with CDI/TTM and HPF were self- reported by patients. Results: The prevalence of TMD was 39.9% and a prevalence of 86% HPF. The most frequently reported HPF were lip sucking and nail biting. We found a significant association (x2= 7.31, p = 0,007) between HPF and TMD in adolescents. Key words: Parafunctional habits of oral cavity, temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular joint. (Odontol Pediatr 2011;10(2): 90-94).

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Associação entre a sintomatologia dolorosa e a disfunção temporomandibular

ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION ◽

10.21270/archi.v9i1.4667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wyllka Cyntya Galvão da Silva ◽

Karolinne Domingos Medeiros ◽

Eloisa Cesário Fernandes ◽

Sandja Gabriela Oliveira ◽

Caio Rodrigues Maia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Degenerative Disorders ◽

International Conference On Bioinformatics ◽

Research Diagnostic Criteria

Introdução: A Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) é um quadro patológico que afeta o sistema estomatognático e, frequentemente, acompanhada de dor. Objetivos: Aferir o nível de dor dos pacientes portadores de DTM e a prevalência de sintomatologia articular e muscular. Percebeu-se que a relação entre a origem da DTM e a sintomatologia dolorosa é pouco relatada na literatura. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional de corte transversal, desenvolvido com 30 pacientes com DTM, diagnosticado pelo Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). A amostra foi determinada pelas estimativas de atendimento. A associação entre a sintomatologia e a origem da DTM foram verificadas através do teste qui-quadrado, com intervalos de confiança (95%). Foi usada uma ficha clínica para a coleta de dados com idade, gênero e nível da dor, que foi aferido através da Escala Visual Analógica de dor. Resultados: Constatou-se que 26 pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 4 do sexo masculino. Quinze apresentaram idade inferior a 36,5 anos, e os outros uma idade superior a esta. Quanto a origem da DTM, 19 tinham desordem articular e 11 muscular. A categoria moderada foi o nível mais prevalente, seguida do intenso. Determinou-se que não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis deste estudo com a DTM. Conclusão: Constatou-se que, os fatores etiológicos analisados isoladamente não influenciam de forma única no desenvolvimento da DTM, mas poderão atuar em conjunto com outros fatores, já que a sua causa é multifatorial.Descritores: Dimensão Vertical; Boca Edêntula; Dor Facial; Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular.ReferênciasDworkin SF, LeResche L. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992;6(4):301-55.Gonçalves DAG, Bigal ME, Jales LCF, Camparis CM, Speciali JG. Headache and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders: an epidemiologic study. Headache. 2010;50(2):231-41.Piccin CF, Pozzebon D, Chiodelli L, Boufleus J, Pasinato F, Corrêa ECR. Aspectos clínicos e psicossociais avaliados por critérios de diagnóstico para disfunção temporomandibular. Revista Cefac. 2016;18(1):113-19.Winocur E, Emodi-Perlman A. Occlusion, orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders: myths and scientific evidences. in: Orthodonthics-basis aspects and clinical considerations. In Tech. 2012.Jorge JMS, Dini C, Santos L, Camara de Bem SH, Custodio W. Associação entre dimensão vertical de oclusão e transtornos temporomandibulares. ClipeOdonto – UNITAU. 2016;8(1):44- 50.Bayma PTC, Feltrin PP, Dias CAS, Costa JF, Laganá DC, Inoue RT. Temporomandibular disorders in otolaryngology patients. RGO (Porto Alegre). 2010;58(3):313-17.Martinez JE, Grassi DC, Marques LG. Análise da aplicabilidade de três instrumentos de avaliação de dor em distintas unidades de atendimento: ambulatório, enfermaria e urgência. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2011;51(4):299-308.Slade GD, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, Fillingim RB, Bair E, Sanders AE et al. Painful temporomandibular disorder: decade of discovery from OPPERA studies. J Dental Res. 2016; 95(10):1084-92.Rauhala K., Oikarinen KS, Raustia AM. Role of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in facial pain: occlusion, muscle and TMJ pain. Cranio. 1999;17(4):254-61.Manfredini D, Favero L, Gregorini G, Cocilovo F, Guarda-Nardini L. Natural course of temporomandibular disorders with low painrelated impairment: a 2-to-3-year follow-up study. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40(6):436-42.Freitas LS. Associação da disfunção Temporomandibular com o polimorfismo 102T-C do gene receptor da serotonina HTR2A [tese]. São José do Rio Preto: Faculdade de Medicina do São José do Rio Preto – FAMERP; 2011.Tanaka E, Detamore MS, Mercuri LG. Degenerative disorders of the temporomandibular joint: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Dent Res. 2008;87(4):296-307.Lopes PRR, Campos PSF, Nascimento RJM. Dor e inflamação nas disfunções temporomandibulares: revisão de literatura dos últimos quatro anos. R Ci med biol. 2011;10(3):317-25.Wang X, Guo H, Wang Y, Yi X. The effects of estrogen on cytoplasmic ca2+ concentration of masticatory muscles myoblast in acid condition. 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE); 10-12 May 2011; Wuhan, China. Anais. Disponível em http://www.icbbe.org/2011/Proceeding2010.aspx.Cairns BE. Pathophysiology of TMD Pain—Basic Mechanisms and Their Implications for pharmacotherapy. J Oral Rehabil. 2010; 37(6):391-410.Portinho CP, Razera MV, Splitt BI, Gorgen ARH, Faller GJ, Collares MVM. Apresentação clínica inicial em pacientes com disfunção Temporomandibular. Rev Bras Cir Craniomaxilofac. 2012;15(3):109-12.

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Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041613-295.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 310-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Daniele Manfredini ◽

Giuseppe Perinetti ◽

Luca Guarda-Nardini

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Open Bite ◽

Final Model ◽

Posterior Crossbite ◽

The Difference ◽

Contact Position ◽

Dental Malocclusion

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the association of several dental malocclusion features with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) click sounds in a population of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Materials and Methods: Four hundred forty-two TMD patients (72% female; 32.2 ± 5.7 years, range 25–44 years) were divided into a TMJ clicking and a no-TMJ clicking group, based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) assessment. Seven occlusal features were recorded for each patient: (1) posterior crossbite, (2) overbite, (3) open bite, (4) overjet, (5) mediotrusive and (6) laterotrusive interferences and (7) retruded contact position to maximum intercuspation (RCP-MI) slide length. A logistic regression model was created to estimate the association of occlusal features with TMJ clicking. Results: The difference between the groups as for the prevalence of the various occlusal features was generally not statistically significant, with minor exceptions. Mediotrusive interferences (P = .015) and RCP-MI slide ≥2 mm (P = .001) were the two occlusal features that were associated with the probability of having TMJ clicking, even if the adjusted odds ratios for TMJ clicking were low for both variables (1.63 and 1.89, respectively). Moreover, the amount of variance in the prevalence of TMJ clicking that was predicted by the final model was as low as 4.5% (R2 = 0.045). Conclusions: Findings from the present investigation suggested that in a population of TMD patients, the contribution of dental malocclusion features to predict TMJ click sounds is minimal with no clinical relevance.

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Evaluation of pain threshold upon palpation of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-021620182028616 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carolina Marciela Herpich ◽

Fabiano Politti ◽

Cid Andre Fidelis de Paula Gomes ◽

Igor Phillip dos Santos Gloria ◽

Ana Paula Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Submandibular Region ◽

Mandibular Region ◽

Research Diagnostic Criteria

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the pain threshold upon palpation of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving the evaluation of pain threshold upon palpation of the extraoral muscles (temporal, masseter, posterior mandibular region, submandibular region) and intraoral muscles (lateral pterygoid area and temporal tendon) in women using the RDC/TMD clinical examination. Results: 60 women were evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found among the muscles evaluated regarding the pain threshold. The lateral pterygoid area, bilaterally, had the lowest pain threshold, followed by the masseter and temporal muscles. Conclusion: this study suggests that the lateral pterygoid muscle, bilaterally, has the lowest pain threshold upon palpation among the masticatory muscles, followed by masseter and temporal muscles, in women with TMD, according to the RDC/TMD evaluation.

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Cervical and scapular instability in subjects with temporomandibular disorder

Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2018.16.616 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Maryllian de Albuquerque Vieira ◽

Maria das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo ◽

Gabriel Barreto Antonino ◽

Angélica da Silva Tenório ◽

Maria das Graças Paiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Shoulder Girdle ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Control Group ◽

Cervical Instability ◽

Mobility Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neck Disability

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a set of disorders involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or the associated structures. Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of cervical and scapular instability in subjects with TMD. Methods: A total of 22 patients participated in the study, being 11 of them with TMD, selected using the RDC/TMD criteria, and 11 in the control group. The stabilization capacity of the neck muscles was evaluated through StabilizerTM and the muscles of the shoulder girdle through specific tests. Cervical mobility data from both groups were provided using the accelerometer while for cervical disability was used the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire. Results: Cervical instability was higher in the TMD group (20.36 ± 3.2) than in the control group (28.54 ± 0.8), revealing significant difference (p= 0.03). The highest percentages of scapular stabilization tests were found in subjects with TMD, (n= 9; 81.81%) when compared with control subjects (n= 5; 45.45%). The NDI results showed that the TMD group presented mild cervical incapacity (11.18 ± 2) and the control presented no disability (2.27 ± 0.4; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Cervical disability, and cervical and scapular instability were more frequent in subjects with TMD.

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Automated segmentation of articular disc of the temporomandibular joint on magnetic resonance images using deep learning

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-04354-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shota Ito ◽

Yuichi Mine ◽

Yuki Yoshimi ◽

Saori Takeda ◽

Akari Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Semantic Segmentation ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Articular Disc

AbstractTemporomandibular disorders are typically accompanied by a number of clinical manifestations that involve pain and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint. The most important subgroup of articular abnormalities in patients with temporomandibular disorders includes patients with different forms of articular disc displacement and deformation. Here, we propose a fully automated articular disc detection and segmentation system to support the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder on magnetic resonance imaging. This system uses deep learning-based semantic segmentation approaches. The study included a total of 217 magnetic resonance images from 10 patients with anterior displacement of the articular disc and 10 healthy control subjects with normal articular discs. These images were used to evaluate three deep learning-based semantic segmentation approaches: our proposed convolutional neural network encoder-decoder named 3DiscNet (Detection for Displaced articular DISC using convolutional neural NETwork), U-Net, and SegNet-Basic. Of the three algorithms, 3DiscNet and SegNet-Basic showed comparably good metrics (Dice coefficient, sensitivity, and positive predictive value). This study provides a proof-of-concept for a fully automated deep learning-based segmentation methodology for articular discs on magnetic resonance images, and obtained promising initial results, indicating that the method could potentially be used in clinical practice for the assessment of temporomandibular disorders.

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IncobotulinumtoxinA Injection for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/0003489417693013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 328-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Amit A. Patel ◽

Michael Z. Lerner ◽

Andrew Blitzer

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Pain Medication ◽

Saline Injection ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Joint Disorder ◽

Muscles Of Mastication

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) involves dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and associated muscles of mastication causing pain with chewing, limitation of jaw movement, and pain. While the exact pathophysiology of TMD is not completely understood, it is thought that hyperfunction of the muscles of mastication places stress on the temporomandibular joint, leading to degeneration of the joint and associated symptoms. We hypothesize that chemodenervation of the muscles of mastication with IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) will decrease the stress on the temporomandibular joint and improve pain associated with temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder (TMJD). Methods: Twenty patients were randomized to IncobotulinumtoxinA (170 units) or saline injection of the masticatory muscles. Patient-reported pain scale (0-10) was recorded at 4-week intervals following injection for 16 weeks. Patients who received saline injection initially were assessed for reduction in pain at the first 4-week interval and if still had significant pain were rolled over into the IncobotulinumtoxinA arm. Results: Preinjection pain scores were similar between patients. While there was a statistically significant reduction in pain score in the placebo group one month, there was an overall larger drop in average pain scores in those patients injected with IncobotulinumtoxinA initially. All patients initially injected with placebo crossed over into the IncobotulinumtoxinA group. Similar results were seen when examining the composite masticatory muscle tenderness scores. There was no significant change in usage of pain medication. Conclusions: We demonstrate utility of IncobotulinumtoxinA in treating patients with TMD with pain despite pain medication usage and other conventional treatments.

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Prevalence of Sign and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Pakistani Population at Sheikhupura, Lahore: A Gender comparison

10.53350/pjmhs211582166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 2166-2168

Author(s):

Ashfaq-ur- Rahim ◽

Muhammad Nauman ◽

Sadiq Ali ◽

Saima Ihsan ◽

Tannaza Qayyum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Orofacial Pain ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Female Predominance ◽

History Of

Background: Temporomandibular disorders have been considered as a common orofacial pain condition. The term temporomandibular pain dysfunction (TMPD) is used synonymously with myofacial pain dysfunction disorder/syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, craniomandibular disorder and many other terms. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporo-mandibular joint disorder (TMD). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faryal Dental College, Sheikhupura , Lahore, Pakistan from 1st February 2019 to 31st May 2021. Methodology: One hundred adolescents aged 15 to 60 years were enrolled. A detailed history about the chief complaint was taken and clinical examination was done. Temporomandibular joint examination performed included Auscultation for temporomandibular joint sounds like clicking and crepitus and palpation of both TMJs and associated muscles for evaluation of pain. Results: The most common signs of temporomandibular joint disorders were temporomandibular joint pain 78%, temporomandibular joint clicking 53% and trismus 29%. The most prevalent predisposing factors of temporomandibular joint disorders were parafunctional habits 40%, unknown factors 23% and history of road traffic accident/history of difficult extractions 9%. Male to female ratio showed female predominance (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders were prevalent in Pakistani population with a clear female predominance. Key words: Temporomandibular disorders, Temporomandibular joint, Orofacial pain, Bruxism, Headache, Pain

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Correction of Condylar Displacement of the Mandible Using Early Screw Removal following Patient-Customized Orthognathic Surgery

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1597

Author(s):

Won-Seok Jang ◽

Soo-Hwan Byun ◽

Seoung-Won Cho ◽

In-Young Park ◽

Sang-Min Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Surgical Simulation ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Distal Segment ◽

Joint Space ◽

Dentofacial Deformities

Objective: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a surgical intervention that corrects dentofacial deformities through the movement of maxillary and mandibular segments to achieve adequate masticatory function, joint health, and facial harmony. However, some patients present with occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorders after OGS. Various methods have been employed to solve these problems after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of early screw removal in patients with occlusal discrepancies after OGS using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In 44 patients with dentofacial deformities, patient-customized OGSs with customized plates were performed to correct facial deformities using customized guides with computer-aided surgical simulation. Of the 44 patients, eight patients complained of occlusal discrepancies and temporomandibular disorders after OGS. These eight patients underwent screw removal under local anesthesia around four weeks. The temporomandibular joint spaces at three time points (pre-surgical, post-surgical, and after screw removal) in the sagittal and coronal planes were compared using CBCT. Results: Eight patients showed an increase in joint space on CBCT images immediately after surgery (T1), but after early screw removal (T2), these spaces almost returned to their pre-surgical state, and the temporomandibular joint problem disappeared. Conclusions: The removal of screws located in the distal segment under local anesthesia between three and four weeks post-surgically may be a treatment option for patients with post-OGS occlusal discrepancies, condylar sag, and/or temporomandibular disorder.

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The Efficiency of Anterior Repositioning Splints in the Management of Pain Related to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement with Reduction

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2018/9089286 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Malgorzata Pihut ◽

Malgorzata Gorecka ◽

Piotr Ceranowicz ◽

Mieszko Wieckiewicz

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Disc Displacement ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disc ◽

Disc Displacement With Reduction

Background and Objective. Intra-articular temporomandibular disorders are often related to pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint, ear, and temple. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency of anterior repositioning splints in decreasing pain related to temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction. Methods. The research material consisted of 112 patients, aged 24 to 45 years, of both genders, who reported for treatment at the Consulting Room of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow between 2014 and 2016 due to pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint(s) and noise(s) of temporomandibular joint(s) present during jaw movements with comorbid contracture of masticatory muscles. Subjects were examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) protocol and, after diagnosis of painful disc displacement with reduction and masticatory muscle contracture, they were assigned randomly to either the study or control groups (56 patients in each). In the study group, we used an anterior repositioning splint on the full lower arch for about 20 hours usage over a 4-month period. In the control group, a noninvasive therapy was applied using a biostimulation laser over 12 sessions performed every second day on the area of both temporomandibular joints with mouth open and while performing muscle self-exercises with a dominant protrusive position of the mandible. Pain intensity was evaluated using the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) immediately before the treatment and then after 4 and 16 weeks. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test p≤0.005. Results. The VNRS values reported during the final examination for the study group were significantly lower than for the control group p=0.0004. Conclusions. The anterior repositioning splint is an efficient tool in decreasing pain related to disc displacement with reduction. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03057262.

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