scholarly journals Chitosan Nanoparticles for Therapy and Theranostics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver-Targeting

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Bonferoni ◽  
Elisabetta Gavini ◽  
Giovanna Rassu ◽  
Marcello Maestri ◽  
Paolo Giunchedi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Liver Targeting ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Polymeric Carriers ◽  
Drug Selectivity ◽  
Current Therapies

Chitosan nanoparticles are well-known delivery systems widely used as polymeric carriers in the field of nanomedicine. Chitosan is a carbohydrate of natural origin: it is a biodegradable, biocompatible, mucoadhesive, polycationic polymer and it is endowed with penetration enhancer properties. Furthermore, it can be easily derivatized. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a remarkable health problem because current therapies, that include surgery, liver transplantation, trans-arterial embolization, chemoembolization and chemotherapy, present significant limitations due to the high risk of recurrence, to a lack of drug selectivity and to other serious side effects. Therefore, there is the need for new therapeutic strategies and for improving the liver-targeting to HCC. Nanomedicine consists in the use of nanoscale carriers as delivery systems to target and deliver drugs and/or diagnostic agents to specific organs or tissues. Chitosan and its derivatives can be successfully used in the preparation of nanoparticles that, for their peculiar surface-properties, can specifically interact with liver tumor, by passive and active targeting. This review concerns the use of chitosan nanoparticles for the therapy and theranostics of HCC and liver-targeting.

Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization according to Angiographic Findings in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Young Goo Kim ◽  
Kun Sang Kim ◽  
Jong Beum Lee ◽  
Hyung Jin Shim ◽  
Jong Ik Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization ◽  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Angiographic Findings

Palliative Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Savastano ◽  
G. P. Feltrin ◽  
D. Neri ◽  
P. da Pian ◽  
M. Chiesura-Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Arterial Embolization

Advances in the use of MOFs for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
pp. 4174-4184
Author(s):  
Marina P. Abuçafy ◽  
Bruna L. da Silva ◽  
João A. Oshiro-Junior ◽  
Eloisa B. Manaia ◽  
Bruna G. Chiari-Andréo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Diagnostic Agents

Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents have gained much attention in recent years, especially for cancer treatment. Nanocarriers improve the therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability of antitumor drugs, besides providing preferential accumulation at the target site. Among different types of nanocarriers for drug delivery assays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest in the academic community. MOFs are an emerging class of coordination polymers constructed of metal nodes or clusters and organic linkers that show the capacity to combine a porous structure with high drug loading through distinct kinds of interactions, overcoming the limitations of traditional drug carriers explored up to date. Despite the rational design and synthesis of MOFs, structural aspects and some applications of these materials like gas adsorption have already been comprehensively described in recent years; it is time to demonstrate their potential applications in biomedicine. In this context, MOFs can be used as drug delivery systems and theranostic platforms due to their ability to release drugs and accommodate imaging agents. This review describes the intrinsic characteristics of nanocarriers used in cancer therapy and highlights the latest advances in MOFs as anticancer drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents.

Osteomyelitis: Focus on Conventional Treatments and Innovative Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Gallarate ◽  
Daniela Chirio ◽  
Giulia Chindamo ◽  
Elena Peira ◽  
Simona Sapino
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Third World

: Osteomyelitis is a bone marrow infection which generally involves cortical plates and which may occur after bone trauma, orthopedic/maxillofacial surgery or after vascular insufficiency episodes. It mostly affects people from the Third World Countries, elderly and patients affected by systemic diseases e.g. autoimmune disorders, AIDS, osteoporosis and microvascular disease. The highest percentage of osteomyelitis cases (almost 75%) is caused by Staphylococcus spp., and in particular by Staphylococcus aureus (more than 50%). The ideal classification and the diagnosis of osteomyelitis are two important tools which help the physicians to choose the best therapeutic strategies. Currently, common therapies provide an extensive debridement in association with intravenous administration of antibiotics (penicillin or clindamycin, vancomycin and fluoroquinolones among all for resistant microorganisms), to avoid the formation of sequestra. However, conventional therapeutic approach involves several drawbacks like low concentration of antibiotic in the infected site, which can lead to resistance and adverse effects due to the intravenous administration. For these reasons, in the last years several studies have been focused on the development of drug delivery systems such as cement, beads, scaffold and ceramics made of hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphate (CaP) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) which demonstrated to be biocompatible, poorly toxic and capable to allow osteointegration and a prolonged drug release. The aim of this review is to provide a focus on current therapies and latest developed drug delivery systems with particular attention on those based on CaP and its derivatives, hoping that this work could allow further direction in the field of osteomyelitis.

Chitosan Nanoparticles: An Approbative System for the Delivery of Herbal Bioactives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Saini ◽  
Sanju Nanda ◽  
Anju Dhiman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Novel Drug

: Chitosan, a natural biodegradable polymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin, has been used as an approbative macromolecule for the development of various novel drug delivery systems. It is one of the most favorable biodegradable carriers for nanoparticulate drug delivery due to its intrinsic properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, availability of free reactive amino groups, and ease of chemical modification into different active derivatives. Furthermore, interesting physical properties (film-forming, gelling and thickening) make it a suitable candidate for formulations, such as films, microcapsules, beads, nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanogel and so on. Researchers have reported that chitosan nanoparticles act as a promising vehicle for herbal actives as they provide a superior alternative to traditional carriers and improve pharmaceutical efficiency. As no review of chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating herbal extracts and bioactives has been published till date, a maiden effort has been made to collate and review the use of chitosan nanoparticles for the entrapment of phytoconstituents to yield stable, efficient and safe drug delivery systems. Additionally, the paper presents a comprehensive account of the state-of the-art in fabricating herbal chitosan nanoparticles and their current pharmacological status. A list of patents on chitosan nanoparticles of herbal actives has also been included. This review is intended to serve as a didactic discourse for the formulation scientists endeavoring to develop advanced delivery systems for herbal actives.

Effect of co-treatment with doxorubicin and verapamil loaded into chitosan nanoparticles on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Abo Mansour ◽  
MM El-Batsh ◽  
NS Badawy ◽  
ET Mehanna ◽  
NM Mesbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

This study aimed to investigate the potential role of co-treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) and verapamil (VRP) nanoparticles in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and to investigate the possible mechanisms behind the potential favorable effect of the co-treatment. DOX and VRP were loaded into chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), and cytotoxicity of loaded and unloaded drugs against HepG2 cells was evaluated. Male albino mice were divided into eight groups ( n = 15): (1) normal control, (2) diethylnitrosamine, (3) CHNPs, (4) free DOX, (5) CHNPs DOX, (6) free VRP, (7) CHNPs VRP, and (8) CHNPs DOX + CHNPs VRP. Either VRP or DOX loaded into CHNPs showed stronger growth inhibition of HepG2 cells than their free forms. DOX or VRP nanoparticles displayed pronounced anticancer activity in vivo through the decline of vascular endothelial growth factor and B cell lymphoma-2 contents in liver tissues, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and downregulation of multidrug resistance 1. Moreover, reduced cardiotoxicity was evident from decreased level of tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde in heart tissues coupled with decreased serum activity of creatine kinase-myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase. Co-treatment with CHNPs DOX and CHNPs VRP showed superior results versus other treatments. Liver sections from the co-treatment group revealed the absence of necrosis, enhanced apoptosis, and nearly normal hepatic lobule architecture. Co-treatment with CHNPs DOX and CHNPs VRP revealed enhanced anticancer activity and decreased cardiotoxicity versus the corresponding free forms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document