scholarly journals Olive Leaves as Biotemplates for Enhanced Solar-Light Harvesting by a Titania-Based Solid

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽  
Juan Martín-Gómez ◽  
M. Carmen Herrera-Beurnio ◽  
Rafael C. Estévez ◽  
Francisco J. Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray

Olive leaves (by-product from olive oil production in olive mills) were used as biotemplates to synthesize a titania-based artificial olive leaf (AOL). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of AOL showed the successful replication of trichomes and internal structure channels present in olive leaves. The BET surface area of AOL was 52 m2·g−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra revealed that the resulting solid was in the predominantly-anatase crystalline form (7.5 nm average particle size). Moreover, the synthesis led to a red-shift in light absorption as compared to reference anatase (gap energies of 2.98 and 3.2 eV, respectively). The presence of surface defects (as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, EPR) and doping elements (e.g., 1% nitrogen, observed by elemental analysis and XPS) could account for that. AOL was preliminarily tested as a catalyst for hydrogen production through glycerol photoreforming and exhibited an activity 64% higher than reference material Evonik P25 under solar irradiation and 144% greater under ultraviolet radiation (UV).

Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles: Rapid Sintering Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Yin Lin ◽  
Jin Guo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bifeo3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Rapid Sintering

The homogeneous multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoparticles with average particle size of 85 nm have been successfully synthesized by a simple sol-gel route. The prepared sample was characterized by a variety of techniques, such as X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimeter analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained results shows that rapid sintering and subsequently quenching to room temperature are the two vital important factors for the preparation of pure BiFeO3. The magnetic phase transition (TN = 369 °C) and the ferroelectric phase transition (TC = 824.5 °C) were determined, revealing the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric nature of the as-prepared BiFeO3 nanoparticles. The optical properties of the nanopowders were investigated. The strong band-gap absorption at 486 nm (2.55 eV) of the BiFeO3 nanoparticles may bring some novel applications.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanospinel ZnCr2O4 Using Thermal Treatement Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahudeen A. Gene ◽  
Elias B. Saion ◽  
Abdul Halim Shaari ◽  
Mazliana A. Kamarudeen ◽  
Naif Mohammed Al-Hada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The fabrication of nanospinel zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4) crystals by the means of thermal treatment method from an aqueous solution containing metal nitrates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and deionized water was described in this study. The samples were calcined at various temperatures ranging from 773 to 973 K for the decomposition of the organic compounds and crystallization of the nanocrystals. PVP was used as capping agent to control the agglomeration of the particles. The characterization studies of the fabricated samples were carried out by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The corresponding peaks of Zn, Cr and O were observed in the EDX spectrum of the sample which confirms the formation of ZnCr2O4. The XRD patterns also confirmed the formation of the single faced nanocrystallines of spinel ZnCr2O4 with a face-centered cubic structure. The average particle size of the synthesized crystals was also determined from the XRD patterns using the Scherers formula which shows that the crystallite sizes increases with increase in calcination temperature and was in good agreement with the TEM images which shows cubical ZnCr2O4 nanocrystals with uniform morphology and particle size distributions. The ESR spectra confirmed the existence of unpaired electron in the fabricated samples and the increase in g-factor and decreases in resonant magnetic field (Hr) were observed as the calcination temperature increases.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Spinel NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Studies of Their Photocatalytic Activity for Oxidation of Alcohols

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrong Ma ◽  
Rui Dang ◽  
Jieying Liu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Huigui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Oxidation Of Alcohols ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

In this paper, we report a novel and facile approach for the synthesis of spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and studies of its photocatalytic activity for oxidation of alcohols. The as-synthesized catalyst was thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET) analysis. The TEM image reveals cubic shapes with an average particle size of 10–20 nm. The as-synthesized spinel NiFe2O4 has proved to be an excellent photocatalyst for oxidation of alcohol to the aldehyde with a conversion of 80% and selectivity of 99%. The catalyst has also proved to be noteworthy as it does not loss its catalytic activity even after five cycles of reuse.

scholarly journals Visible Light-Driven Mn-MoS2/rGO Composite Photocatalysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Trang Phan ◽  
Thanh Tam Truong ◽  
Ha Tran Huu ◽  
Le Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Van Thang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Photocatalysts

The n%Mn-MoS2/rGO (labeled as n%MMS/rGO, where n% = Mn/(Mn + Mo) in mol) composites were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method from the Mn-MoS2 (MMS) and rGO precursors, in which the MMS was obtained by a facile one-step calcination of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, (NH2)2CS, and Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O as precursors in N2 gas at 650°C. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which indicates the composites containing nanosheets of Mn-MoS2 and rGO components. The photocatalytic activities of the n%MMS/rGO composite photocatalysts were evaluated through the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under the visible light irradiation. The enhancement in the photocatalytic performance of the achieved composites was attributed to the synergic effect of Mn doping and rGO matrix. The investigation of photocatalytic mechanism was also conducted.

Preparation, characterization and dechlorination property of nano Pd-Ni/γ-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1951003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yiyang Wang ◽  
Yalong Liao ◽  
Muyuan Guo ◽  
Gongchu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray

Nano Pd-Ni/[Formula: see text]-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst was prepared by chemical precipitation method enhanced with ultrasonic wave. The influence of dosage of dispersant, ultrasonic intensity and mass ratio of Pd to Ni on the dechlorination property of the catalyst obtained was investigated in detail. The appearance morphology, composition and structure of the catalysts prepared were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption, while the specific surface area was determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm and the chemical composition of active gradients was tested with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results indicate that the nano Pd-Ni/[Formula: see text]-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst prepared has uniform distribution of active ingredients with an average particle size of 4.91[Formula: see text]nm, and the chlorine content of shellac dechlorinated with the catalyst obtained is 0.34[Formula: see text]wt.% which is lower than that reported in the literature, meaning the perfect dechlorination property of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Effect of Synthesis Method on Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity Properties of BaFeO3-δ Perovskite Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
eid khalaf ◽  
E. K. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Ahmed. A. Askar ◽  
M. A. Motawea ◽  
Mohamed A. Aboelnasr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Fe Ions

Abstract BaFeO3-δ perovskite nanomaterials have been synthesized by two different methods: co-precipitation (Cop) and sol-gel (Sol) methods. Rietveld analysis of the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the samples are crystallized in rhombohedral perovskite structure with space group R3c. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of these samples showed the agglomerations of various particles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the average particle size of BaFeO3-Cop sample is larger than that of BaFeO3-Sol sample. The amount of oxygen deficient (δ) and the valence states of Fe ions in these samples were determined from Mössbauer spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows the elemental compositions and surface electronic states of these samples. The thermal, optical and magnetic properties of these samples depend on the amount of oxygen deficient (δ) and the valence states of Fe ions. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of these samples was systematically investigated. The present results suggest that BaFeO3-δ superparamagnetic perovskite can be used as antibacterial and antibiofilm agent.

scholarly journals In-flight Synthesis of Nanosized ZrC Particles from Various Precursors in RF Thermal Plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martiz ◽  
Zoltán Károly ◽  
Eszter Bódis ◽  
Péter Fazekas ◽  
Miklós Mohai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Rf Thermal Plasma

Synthesis of zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder was investigated applying a non-conventional atmospheric radiofrequency (RF) thermal plasma process. In one case, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) was reacted with solid carbon or with methane with varying molar ratio. In the other, zirconium-propoxide (NZP), containing both constituents, was thermally decomposed in the Ar plasma. Temperature-dependent thermodynamic analysis was performed in the 500-5500 K temperature range to estimate the formation of possible equilibrium products for each reaction stoichiometry. Broad temperature range exists for the stability of solid ZrC for each explored reaction system. In accordance with this prediction, X-ray diffraction studies detected the ZrC as the major phase in all the prepared powders. The yield of particular runs ranged from 39 % to 98 %. Practically, full conversion was typical for the case of NZP precursor, however only partial conversion could be detected in ZrO2 reactions. The average particle size of the powders falls between 10 nm and 100 nm depending on the type of the reaction systems (either calculated from the specific surface area or derived from broadening the XRD reflections). The transmission electron micrographs indicated mostly globular shape of the nanosize particles. Quantitative analysis of the surface of the powders by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen and carbon. Evaluating the spectra of the powders prepared from NZP, and taking in the account its spherical shape, a ZrC core covered by a very thin (≈1.0 nm) ZrO2 layer may be accounted for the measured oxygen and a thicker carbonaceous layer.

Formation features of zink titanate by electric explosion dispersion of titanium and zinc wires in an oxygen-containing atmosphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
O.V. Bakina ◽  
◽  
N.V. Svarovskaya ◽  
A.V. Pervikov ◽  
V.R. Chzhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Electric Explosion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zinc Titanate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity

In present work, we have synthesized, for the first time, zinc titanate nanoparticles by electric explosion of titanium and zinc wires in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (argon - oxygen 20 vol. %). As-synthesized nanoparticles nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The particles have a spherical shape and an average particle size of 82 nm. The phase composition is presented by zinc titanate and a small amount of titanium oxide, which corresponds to the phase diagram of the TiO2-ZnO system. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied in the decomposition reaction of a model dye methylene blue and it was found that it was higher than that of titanium oxide nanoparticles obtained by electric explosion of a titanium wire in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. In addition, the synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated high antibacterial activity against MRSA bacteria.

scholarly journals As(III) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Calcium Titanate Nanoparticles Prepared by the Sol Gel Method

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Tamayo ◽  
Rodrigo Espinoza-González ◽  
Francisco Gracia ◽  
Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho ◽  
Marcos Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Equilibrium Adsorption ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Arsenic (As) contamination of water is a serious problem in developing countries. In water streams, arsenic can be as As(V) and As(III), the latter being the most toxic species. In this work, an innovative adsorbent based on CaTiO3 nanoparticles (CTO) was prepared by the sol-gel technique for the removal of As(III) from aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction of the CTO nanoparticles powders confirmed the CTO phase. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated an average particle size of 27 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of Ca, Ti, and O in the expected stoichiometric amounts. The surface specific area measured by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) isotherm was 43.9 m2/g, whereas the isoelectric point determined by Zeta Potential measurements was at pH 3.5. Batch adsorption experiments were used to study the effect of pH on the equilibrium adsorption of As(III), using an arsenite solution with 15 mg/L as initial concentration. The highest removal was achieved at pH 3, reaching an efficiency of up to 73%, determined by X-ray fluorescence from the residual As(III) in the solution. Time dependent adsorption experiments at different pHs exhibited a pseudo-second order kinetics with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 11.12 mg/g at pH 3. Moreover, CTO nanoparticles were regenerated and evaluated for four cycles, decreasing their arsenic removal efficiency by 10% without affecting their chemical structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the CTO surface after removal experiments, showed that arsenic was present as As(III) and partially oxidized to As(V).

scholarly journals Influence of MoS2 on Activity and Stability of Carbon Nitride in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Sivasankaran ◽  
Nils Rockstroh ◽  
Carsten R. Kreyenschulte ◽  
Stephan Bartling ◽  
Henrik Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Photocatalysts ◽  
Electron Transfer Properties ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

MoS2/C3N4 (MS-CN) composite photocatalysts have been synthesized by three different methods, i.e., in situ-photodeposition, sonochemical, and thermal decomposition. The crystal structure, optical properties, chemical composition, microstructure, and electron transfer properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroyscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. During photodeposition, the 2H MoS2 phase was formed upon reduction of [MoS4]2− by photogenerated conduction band electrons and then deposited on the surface of CN. A thin crystalline layer of 2H MoS2 formed an intimate interfacial contact with CN that favors charge separation and enhances the photocatalytic activity. The 2H MS-CN phase showed the highest photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (2342 μmol h−1 g−1, 25 mg catalyst/reaction) under UV-vis light irradiation in the presence of lactic acid as sacrificial reagent and Pt as cocatalyst.

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