scholarly journals Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Iron-Based Materials from Liquid State to Ready Product

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Tsepelev ◽  
Yuri N. Starodubtsev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Magnetic Inhomogeneity ◽  
Core Losses ◽  
Temperature Dependences

The review is devoted to the analysis of physical processes occurring at different stages of production and application of nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials based on Fe–Si–B doped with various chemical elements. The temperature dependences of the kinematic viscosity showed that above a critical temperature, the viscosity of multicomponent melts at the cooling stage does not coincide with the viscosity at the heating stage. Above the critical temperature, the structure of the melt is more homogeneous, the amorphous precursor from such a melt has greater plasticity and enthalpy of crystallization and, after nanocrystallization, the material has a higher permeability. The most effective inhibitor elements are insoluble in α-Fe and form a smoothed peak of heat release during crystallization. On the other hand, the finest nanograins and the highest permeability are achieved at a narrow high-temperature peak of heat release. The cluster magnetic structure of a nanocrystalline material is the cause of magnetic inhomogeneity, which affects the shape of the magnetic hysteresis loop and core losses.

scholarly journals Measurement and Modeling of Rotational Core Losses of Soft Magnetic Materials Used in Electrical Machines: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youguang Guo ◽  
Jian Guo Zhu ◽  
Jinjiang Zhong ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
Jian Xun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Core Losses ◽  
Materials Used

Influence of Smelting Technology on Properties of Soft Magnetic Fe-B-Si Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Viktor Konashkov ◽  
Vladimir Tsepelev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Amorphous Ribbon ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Solid Alloy ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
To Receive

The quality of metal production can be different even at identical elemental composition and similar heat treatment. The thermo-time smelting regime influences on structure of a metal melt. The structure of a melt influences on process of a hardening and quality of solid alloy. The thermo-time processing of a melt is very relevant at production of nanocristaline materials. The structure of amorphous ribbon is inherited from a melt. The long-lived relaxation processes can be exist in liquid state. They can lasts units or even tens hours. The thermo-time processing allows to receive an equilibrium melt. The properties of an equilibrium melt depend only on an elemental composition and temperature. The development of thermo-time processing is possible on the basis of analysis of different structural-sensing properties of melts. The thermo-time processing is a combination of heating temperatures and temporary ranges. But more often it is possible to determine temperature at which one a melt passes to an equilibrium state practically instantly. Such temperature is named “critical temperature”. The achievement of “critical temperature” is accompanied by anomalies on relations of properties to temperature. The quality of soft magnetic materials received from melt heated up above than “critical temperature” is higher.

scholarly journals Unified model of temperature dependence of core losses in soft magnetic materials exposed to non-sinusoidal flux waveforms and DC bias condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ruszczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Sokalski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Scaling Theory ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Core Losses ◽  
Dc Bias ◽  
Bias Condition

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present modelling of power losses dependences on temperature in soft magnetic materials exposed to non-sinusoidal flux waveforms and DC bias condition. Design/methodology/approach – Scaling theory allows the power loss density to be derived in the form of a general homogeneous function, which depends on the peak-to-peak of the magnetic inductance ΔB, frequency f, DC bias HDC and temperature T. The form of this function has been generated through the Maclaurin expansion with respect to scaled frequency, which suit very much for the Bertotti decomposition. The parameters of the model consist of expansion coefficients, scaling exponents, parameters of DC bias mapping, parameters of temperature factor and tuning exponents. Values of these model parameters were estimated on the basis of measured data of total power density losses. Findings – The main finding of the paper is a unified methodology for the derivation of a mathematical model which satisfactorily describes the total power density losses versus ΔB, f, HDC, and T in soft magnetic devices. Research limitations/implications – Still the derived method does not describe dependences of the power density loss on shape and size of considered sample. Practical implications – The most important achievement is of the practical use. The paper is useful for device designers. Originality/value – This paper presents the algorithm which enables us to calculate core losses while the temperature is changing. Moreover, this method is effective regardless of soft magnetic material type and the flux waveforms as well as the DC bias condition. The application of scaling theory in the description of energy losses in soft magnetic materials justifies that soft magnetic materials are scaling invariant systems.

scholarly journals AC Magnetic Loss Reduction of SLM Processed Fe-Si for Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Hans Tiismus ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Anouar Belahcen ◽  
Marek Tarraste ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Core Losses

Additively manufactured soft magnetic Fe-3.7%w.t.Si toroidal samples with solid and novel partitioned cross-sectional geometries are characterized through magnetic measurements. This study focuses on the effect of air gaps and annealing temperature on AC core losses at the 50 Hz frequency. In addition, DC electromagnetic material properties are presented, showing comparable results to conventional and other 3D-printed, high-grade, soft magnetic materials. The magnetization of 1.5 T was achieved at 1800 A/m, exhibiting a maximum relative permeability of 28,900 and hysteresis losses of 0.61 (1 T) and 1.7 (1.5 T) W/kg. A clear trend of total core loss reduction at 50 Hz was observed in relation to the segregation of the specimen cross-sectional topology. The lowest 50 Hz total core losses were measured for the toroidal specimen with four internal air gaps annealed at 1200 °C, exhibiting a total core loss of 1.2 (1 T) and 5.5 (1.5 T) W/kg. This is equal to an 860% total core loss reduction at 1 T and a 510% loss reduction at 1.5 T magnetization compared to solid bulk-printed material. Based on the findings, the advantages and disadvantages of printed air-gapped material internal structures are discussed in detail.

Core losses in nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials under square voltage waveforms

2008 ◽  
Vol 320 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vencislav Valchev ◽  
Alex Van den Bossche ◽  
Peter Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Core Losses

scholarly journals Metrological aspects of an automated method for measuring electrophysical parameters of soft magnetic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
A V Volik ◽  
E A Pecherskaya ◽  
Yu A Varenik ◽  
T O Zinchenko ◽  
D V Artamonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Metrological Analysis ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Secondary Voltage ◽  
Normal Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loops

Abstract The structure of an automated system for measuring magnetic-hysteresis loops, normal magnetization curve, magnetic permeability with an error of no more than ± 1% is proposed. The measuring principle is based on the inferential measurements of the magnetic induction and the coercive force by integrating the secondary voltage and the excitation current. As a result of metrological analysis, an increase in the measurements accuracy is achieved both by improving the hardware implementation and calibrating the measuring channels, by introducing a correction for the systematic component of the error.

scholarly journals Влияние температуры продолжительного отжига на структуру и магнитные свойства нанокристаллического сплава FeSiNbCuB

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Н.В. Ершов ◽  
Ю.П. Черненков ◽  
В.А. Лукшина ◽  
О.П. Смирнов ◽  
Д.А. Шишкин
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Nanocrystalline Alloy ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Soft Magnetic Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Si Nanocrystals ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Average Size

A dependence of the soft magnetic properties of the Fe73.5Si13.5Nb3Cu1B9 alloy on the temperature of annealing (Tan) carried out in air for 2 hours at temperatures from 520 to 620°C was investigated. It was shown that with Tan increasing, the magnetic hysteresis loop broadens significantly and becomes more inclined, and the Curie temperature of the amorphous matrix surrounding the α-FeSi nanocrystals decreases. The atomic structure and phase composition of the alloy samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry. After annealing at temperatures of up to 580°C, nanocrystals contain predominantly D03 phase (Fe3Si stoichiometry) and have average size of about 7 nm. Their relative fraction in the alloy increases as the temperature increases due to the additional diffusion of iron from the matrix into the nanocrystals. After annealing at Tan ≥ 600°C, the average size of the nanocrystals increases, and reflections of iron boride crystals appear in the diffractograms. The deterioration of the soft magnetic properties of the Fe73.5Si13.5Nb3Cu1B9 nanocrystalline alloy, when the annealing temperature rises from 520 to 580°C, is explained by a decrease in the silicon concentration in Fe-Si nanocrystals, which leads to a growth of the constant of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy.

Exploiting the T(x) function in fast hysteresis models for transient circuit simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427-1440
Author(s):  
Johann Wilhelm ◽  
Werner Renhart
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Hard Magnetic Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Circuit Simulator ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Future Work

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate an alternative to established hysteresis models. Design/methodology/approach Different mathematical representations of the magnetic hysteresis are compared and some differences are briefly discussed. After this, the application of the T(x) function is presented and an inductor model is developed. Implementation details of the used transient circuit simulator code are further discussed. From real measurement results, parameters for the model are extracted. The results of the final simulation are finally discussed and compared to measurements. Findings The T(x) function possesses a fast mathematical formulation with very good accuracy. It is shown that this formulation is very well suited for an implementation in transient circuit simulator codes. Simulation results using the developed model are in very good agreement with measurements. Research limitations/implications For the purpose of this paper, only soft magnetic materials were considered. However, literature suggests, that the T(x) function can be extended to hard magnetic materials. Investigations on this topic are considered as future work. Originality/value While the mathematical background of the T(x) function is very well presented in the referenced papers, the application in a model of a real device is not very well discussed yet. The presented paper is directly applicable to typical problems in the field of power electronics.

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