FORC analysis of magnetically soft microparticles embedded in a polymeric elastic environment

First-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis allows one to investigate composite magnetic materials by decomposing the magnetic response of a whole sample into individual responses of the elementary objects comprising the sample. In this work, we apply this technique to analysing silicone elastomer composites reinforced with ferromagnetic microparticles possessing low intrinsic coercivity. Even though the material of such particles does not demonstrate significant magnetic hysteresis, the soft matrix of the elastomers allows for the translational mobility of the particles and enables their magnetomechanical hysteresis which renders into a wasp-waisted major magnetization loop of the whole sample. It is demonstrated that the FORC diagrams of the composites contain characteristic wing features arising from the collective hysteretic magnetization of the magnetically soft particles. The influence of the matrix elasticity and particle concentration on the shape of the wing feature is investigated, and an approach to interpreting experimental FORC diagrams of the magnetically soft magnetoactive elastomers is proposed. The experimental data are in qualitative agreement with the results of the simulation of the particle magnetization process obtained using a model comprised of two magnetically soft particles embedded in an elastic environment.

Introduction of plumbole to f-element chemistry

f-element sandwich complexes bearing a η5-plumbole ligand are reported. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that this ligand retains its aromaticity upon coordination. The Er complexes show SMM behavior including magnetic hysteresis.

Doped Nanostructured Manganese Ferrites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties

Nanocrystalline aluminum-doped manganese ferrite was synthesized by facile thermal treatment method. Nanostructure-doped ferrite with crystalline size that ranged between 3.71 and 6.35 nm was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM). The Scherrer and Williamson-Hall hypothesis techniques were utilized to determine lattice constants and strain. Various types of structural properties including octahedral and tetrahedral site radius, bond lengths and angles, hopping parameter, oxygen positional parameters, site bonds, and edge lengths were determined from XRD spectrum analysis. Discrepancy in the hypothetically expected angle indicates improvement of A-B superexchange intercommunication. Furthermore, magnetic-hysteresis (M-H) and XPS analysis support the claim of enhancement. The presence of the ionic nature of iron and manganese in ferrite is FeII, FeIII, MnII, and MnIV as revealed by the results of XPS. Moreover, XPS assists in an excellent way to understand the properties such as configuration, chemical nature, and average inversion degree of doped ferrite samples. The spin noncollinearity and exquisite interaction amid the sublattice are responsible for the decrease in the saturation and remnant magnetization determined from the hysteresis loop at ambient temperature with maximum magnetic field of 1.8 T.

FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAZE-LIKE DOMAIN STRUCTURE OF FERRITE-GARNET FILMS IN THE PROCESS OF MAGNETIZATION

В данной работе с использованием комплекса экспериментальных методик и специализированного программного обеспечения исследуются магнитные висмутсодержащие феррит-гранатовые пленки, выращенные на подложках из гадолиний-галлиевого граната. Методом оптической магнитометрии получены предельные петли магнитного гистерезиса для дефектных и бездефектных участков висмутсодержащих феррит-гранатовых пленок. Установлено, что вдали от дефектов петля демонстрирует бескоэрцитивное поведение в пределах погрешности. Для случая перемагничивания вблизи дефекта появляется коэрцитивное состояние с H~1 Э. Для разных участков предельной петли магнитного гистерезиса определена фрактальная размерность. Полученные значения лежат в диапазоне D=1,35÷1,46 для произвольного участка пленки и D=1,37÷1,54 для участка с дефектами. Определены типичные морфологические характеристики поверхности висмутсодержащей ферритгранатовой пленки. Полученные результаты позволяют для эпитаксиальных висмутсодержащих магнитных пленок феррит-граната прогнозировать взаимосвязь между значением намагниченности и значением фрактальной размерности. In this work, using a set of experimental techniques and specialized software, magnetic bismuth-containing ferrite-garnet films grown on gadolinium-gallium garnet substrates are investigated. The limiting magnetic hysteresis loops are obtained by the method of optical magnetometry for defective and defect-free areas of bismuth-containing ferrite-garnet films. It was found that, far from defects, the loop exhibits a non-coercive behavior within the error limits. For the case of magnetization reversal, a coercive state with H ~1Oe appears near the defect. For different sections of the limiting magnetic hysteresis loop, the fractal dimension is determined. The obtained values are in the range of D=1,35÷1,46 for an arbitrary section of the film and D=1,37÷1,54 for a section with defects. Typical morphological characteristics of the surface of a bismuth-containing ferrite-garnet film have been determined. The results obtained make it possible to predict the relationship between the value of magnetization and the value of fractal dimension for epitaxial bismuth-containing magnetic films of iron garnet.

The Effect of the Thermal Annealing Process to the Sensing Performance of Magnetoelastic Ribbon Materials

The magnetoelastic materials find many practical applications in everyday life like transformer cores, anti-theft tags, and sensors. The sensors should be very sensitive so as to be able to detect minute quantities of miscellaneous environmental parameters, which are very critical for sustainability such as pollution, air quality, corrosion, etc. Concerning the sensing sensitivity, the magnetoelastic material can be improved, even after its production, by either thermal annealing, as this method relaxes the internal stresses caused during manufacturing, or by applying an external DC magnetic bias field during the sensing operation. In the current work, we performed a systematic study on the optimum thermal annealing parameters of magnetoelastic materials and the Metglas alloy 2826 MB3 in particular. The study showed that a 100% signal enhancement can be achieved, without the presence of the bias field, just by annealing between 350 and 450 °C for at least half an hour. A smaller signal enhancement of 15% can be achieved with a bias field but only at much lower temperatures of 450 °C for a shorter time of 20 min. The magnetic hysteresis measurements show that during the annealing process, the material reorganizes itself, changing both its anisotropy energy and magnetostatic energy but in such a way such that the total material energy is approximately conserved.

Precipitation of Iron Oxide in Hydrogel with Superparamagnetic and Stimuli-Responsive Properties

In this work, we present a template-based preparation of iron oxide-containing hydrogels (ferrogels) with ionic sensitive and superparamagnetic properties. The influence of the cross-linked template polyacrylamide and the concentration of the iron salts and sodium hydroxide on the precipitation of the iron oxide particles is investigated with respect to the stability of the ferrogels. Scanning electron microscope images show cubic particles, which can be semiquantitatively classified in three groups of particle size with respect to the dilution level. Magnetic hysteresis curves reveal a sigmoidal shape without remanence and coercivity for all samples. The higher cross-linked ferrogels, in comparison with the lower cross-linked ferrogels, possess a steady-state degree of swelling in ultrapure water and a stimuli-sensitive deswelling over a wide range of varying ionic strengths. Thus, they are suitable candidates for applications in sensing and microfluidics.

Magnetic and magnetocaloric effect in a stuffed honeycomb polycrystalline antiferromagnet GdInO3

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties were studied in a stuffed honeycomb polycrystalline antiferromagnet GdInO3. The onset temperature of antiferromagnetic ordering was observed at ~ 2.1 K. Negligible thermal and magnetic hysteresis suggest a reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the GdInO3 compound. In the magnetic field changes of 0–50 kOe and 0–70 kOe, the maximum magnetic entropy change values are 9.65 J/kg K and 18.37 J/kg K, respectively, near the liquid helium temperature, with the corresponding relative cooling power values of 115.01 J/kg and 211.31 J/kg. The MCE investigation of the polycrystalline GdInO3 serves to illuminate more exotic properties in this frustrated stuffed honeycomb magnetic system.