scholarly journals A Critical Review of the Deviance Detection Theory of Mismatch Negativity

NeuroSci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Jamie A. O’Reilly ◽  
Amonrat O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Deviance Detection ◽  
Processing Theory

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the difference waveform derived from passive auditory oddball stimulation. Since its inception in 1978, this has become one of the most popular event-related potential techniques, with over two-thousand published studies using this method. This is a testament to the ingenuity and commitment of generations of researchers engaging in basic, clinical and animal research. Despite this intensive effort, high-level descriptions of the mechanisms theorized to underpin mismatch negativity have scarcely changed over the past four decades. The prevailing deviance detection theory posits that MMN reflects inattentive detection of difference between repetitive standard and infrequent deviant stimuli due to a mismatch between the unexpected deviant and a memory representation of the standard. Evidence for these mechanisms is inconclusive, and a plausible alternative sensory processing theory considers fundamental principles of sensory neurophysiology to be the primary source of differences between standard and deviant responses evoked during passive oddball stimulation. By frequently being restated without appropriate methods to exclude alternatives, the potentially flawed deviance detection theory has remained largely dominant, which could lead some researchers and clinicians to assume its veracity implicitly. It is important to have a more comprehensive understanding of the source(s) of MMN generation before its widespread application as a clinical biomarker. This review evaluates issues of validity concerning the prevailing theoretical account of mismatch negativity and the passive auditory oddball paradigm, highlighting several limitations regarding its interpretation and clinical application.

scholarly journals Reduced Auditory Mismatch Negativity Reflects Impaired Deviance Detection in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Koshiyama ◽  
Kenji Kirihara ◽  
Mariko Tada ◽  
Tatsuya Nagai ◽  
Mao Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Deviance Detection ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is a translatable electroencephalographic biomarker automatically evoked in response to unattended sounds that is robustly associated with cognitive and psychosocial disability in patients with schizophrenia. Although recent animal studies have tried to clarify the neural substrates of the MMN, the nature of schizophrenia-related deficits is unknown. In this study, we applied a novel paradigm developed from translational animal model studies to carefully deconstruct the constituent neurophysiological processes underlying MMN generation. Patients with schizophrenia (N = 25) and healthy comparison subjects (HCS; N = 27) underwent MMN testing using both a conventional auditory oddball paradigm and a “many-standards paradigm” that was specifically developed to deconstruct the subcomponent adaptation and deviance detection processes that are presumed to underlie the MMN. Using a conventional oddball paradigm, patients with schizophrenia exhibited large effect size deficits of both duration and frequency MMN, consistent with many previous studies. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia showed selective impairments in deviance detection but no impairment in adaptation to repeated tones. These findings support the use of the many-standards paradigm for deconstructing the constituent processes underlying the MMN, with implications for the use of these translational measures to accelerate the development of new treatments that target perceptual and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and related disorders.

Impact of Chronic Cannabis Use on Auditory Mismatch Negativity Generation in Schizophrenia Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Roser ◽  
Eva-Maria Pichler ◽  
Benedikt Habermeyer ◽  
Wolfram Kawohl ◽  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Characteristic Finding ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm

Abstract Introduction Cannabis use disorders (CUD) are highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Deficient mismatch negativity (MMN) generation is a characteristic finding in SCZ patients and cannabis users. This study therefore examined the effects of CUD on MMN generation in SCZ patients. Methods Twenty SCZ − CUD patients, 21 SCZ+CUD patients, and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. MMN to frequency and duration deviants was elicited within an auditory oddball paradigm and recorded by 32 channel EEG. Results As expected, SCZ − CUD patients showed reduced frontocentral MMN amplitudes to duration deviants compared to HC. Interestingly, SCZ+CUD patients demonstrated greater MMN amplitudes to duration deviants compared to SCZ − CUD patients at central electrodes with no differences compared to HC. Discussion These results demonstrate that comorbid cannabis use in SCZ patients might be associated with superior cognitive functioning. It can be assumed that the association between cannabis use and better cognitive performance may be due to a subgroup of cognitively less impaired SCZ patients characterized by lower genetic vulnerability for psychosis.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control Deficits in Alcohol Dependence Are a Trait- and State-Dependent Biomarker: An ERP Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Hongliang Zhou ◽  
Chenguang Jiang ◽  
Yanling Xue ◽  
Zhenhe Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Time Point

Alcohol dependence (AD) presents cognitive control deficits. Event-related potential (ERP) P300 reflects cognitive control-related processing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cognitive control deficits are a trait biomarker or a state biomarker in AD. Participants included 30 AD patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). All participants were measured with P300 evoked by a three-stimulus auditory oddball paradigm at a normal state (time 1, i.e., just after the last alcohol intake) and abstinence (time 2, i.e., just after a 4-week abstinence). The results showed that for P3a and P3b amplitude, the interaction effect for group × time point was significant, the simple effect for group at time 1 level and time 2 level was significant, and the simple effect for time point at AD group level was significant; however, the simple effect for time point at HC group level was not significant. Above results indicated that compared to HCs, AD patients present reductions of P3a/3b amplitude, and after 4-week alcohol abstinence, although P3a/3b amplitudes were improved, they were still lower than those of HCs. For P3a and P3b latencies, no significant differences were observed. These findings conclude that AD patients present cognitive control deficits that are reflected by P3a/3b and that cognitive control deficits in AD are trait- and state-dependent. The implication of these findings is helpful to understand the psychological and neural processes for AD, and these findings suggest that improving the cognitive control function may impact the treatment effect for AD.

scholarly journals the Effect of Quetiapine on Auditory p300 Response in Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder: Preliminary Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Korostenskaja ◽  
K. Dapsys ◽  
A. Siurkute ◽  
A. Dudlauskaite ◽  
A. Pragaraviciene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Auditory Information Processing

Abnormalities in attention, memory and information processing are considered to be the primary deficits in schizophrenia. Event-related potential (ERP) P300 could reflect deficits in auditory information processing related to active attention in schizophrenia patients. Atypical antipsychotics tend to ameliorate cognitive deficits, however their effects on neural aspects of cognitive dysfunction have not been consistent.Aim:To investigate the effects of quetiapine on auditory information processing by using auditory P300.Methods:We examined 7 patients with schizoaffective disorder, depressive type and 7 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. ERPs were elicited during active auditory “oddball” paradigm. P300 was recorded before and after two weeks of treatment with quetiapine (468.7±143 mg/day).Results:Baseline P300 latencies were significantly delayed in patients compared with controls. Quetiapine did not change P300 amplitudes. However, it normalized P300 latency. These results suggest that already after two weeks of treatment, quetiapine could have a beneficial effect on the active attention reflected in P300 in patients with schizoaffective disorder. Previous studies with antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone failed to show changes in P300 after this treatment interval.Conclusion:Quetiapine may be faster than other neuroleptics in ameliorating attentional dysfunction in patients with schizoaffective disorder. However, studies with a larger sample size must be conducted in order to confirm or reject the results of the current study.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term habituation of auditory event-related potentials in the rat

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kestutis Gurevicius ◽  
Arto Lipponen ◽  
Rimante Minkeviciene ◽  
Heikki Tanila
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Related Potentials

An auditory oddball paradigm in humans generates a long-duration cortical negative potential, often referred to as mismatch negativity. Similar negativity has been documented in monkeys and cats, but it is controversial whether mismatch negativity also exists in awake rodents. To this end, we recorded cortical and hippocampal evoked responses in rats during alert immobility under a typical passive oddball paradigm that yields mismatch negativity in humans. The standard stimulus was a 9 kHz tone and the deviant either 7 or 11 kHz tone in the first condition. We found no evidence of a sustained potential shift when comparing evoked responses to standard and deviant stimuli. Instead, we found repetition-induced attenuation of the P60 component of the combined evoked response in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. The attenuation extended over three days of recording and disappeared after 20 intervening days of rest. Reversal of the standard and deviant tones resulted is a robust enhancement of the N40 component not only in the cortex but also in the hippocampus. Responses to standard and deviant stimuli were affected similarly. Finally, we tested the effect of scopolamine in this paradigm. Scopolamine attenuated cortical N40 and P60 as well as hippocampal P60 components, but had no specific effect on the deviant response. We conclude that in an oddball paradigm the rat demonstrates repetition-induced attenuation of mid-latency responses, which resembles attenuation of the N1-component of human auditory evoked potential, but no mismatch negativity.

scholarly journals Increment and decrement tone frequency effects in English-speaking adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings ◽  
Amebu Seddoh
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pure Tones

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been shown to vary in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. However, how tone deviance direction affects its generation is poorly understood due to paucity of data. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies with deviance magnitudes of 20, 40, and 50 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Both stimulus sets had the same standard tone of 200 Hz. Each standard tone was accompanied by a set of either increment or decrement deviant tones. The increment tones were 220, 240, and 250 Hz, and the decrement tones were 180, 160, and 150 Hz. Thus, regardless of direction, deviance magnitudes were kept the same at 20 Hz, 40 Hz, and 50 Hz across each stimulus set. Results showed that ERP amplitudes varied according to deviance direction. Decrement stimuli of 160 Hz and 150 Hz elicited larger MMN responses than their corresponding increment stimuli (240 Hz and 150 Hz). These outcomes are consistent with data that indicate that the perception of low and high pitch is mediated by differential discrimination thresholds.

scholarly journals Effect of deviance direction on generation of mismatch negativity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings ◽  
Amebu Seddoh
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pure Tones

Several studies have shown that Mismatch negativity (MMN) varies in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. By contrast, the effect of deviance direction is poorly understood due to paucity of data on this aspect of MMN generation. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies of 100 Hz and 200 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Opposing stimulus sets presented 850 Hz and 1050 Hz tones as standards in one set and deviants in the other. A third tone, 950 Hz, served as a deviant in both stimulus sets. ERP amplitudes and latencies elicited by deviance direction (increment vs. decrement) and magnitude (100 Hz vs. 200 Hz) were examined across the two stimulus sets. Results showed that ERP amplitudes and latencies varied according to deviance magnitude, but not deviance direction. The absence of an effect of deviance direction was attributed to the high frequencies of the stimuli used. However, given the paucity of data, this possibility needs to be considered as a speculation that warrants validation in future research.

scholarly journals Extracting Phonetic Features From Natural Classes: A Mismatch Negativity Study of Mandarin Chinese Retroflex Consonants

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Fu ◽  
Philip J. Monahan
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Phonetic Feature ◽  
Experimental Block ◽  
Memory Representations

How speech sounds are represented in the brain is not fully understood. The mismatch negativity (MMN) has proven to be a powerful tool in this regard. The MMN event-related potential is elicited by a deviant stimulus embedded within a series of repeating standard stimuli. Listeners construct auditory memory representations of these standards despite acoustic variability. In most designs that test speech sounds, however, this variation is typically intra-category: All standards belong to the same phonetic category. In the current paper, inter-category variation is presented in the standards. These standards vary in manner of articulation but share a common phonetic feature. In the standard retroflex experimental block, Mandarin Chinese speaking participants are presented with a series of “standard” consonants that share the feature [retroflex], interrupted by infrequent non-retroflex deviants. In the non-retroflex standard experimental block, non-retroflex standards are interrupted by infrequent retroflex deviants. The within-block MMN was calculated, as was the identity MMN (iMMN) to account for intrinsic differences in responses to the stimuli. We only observed a within-block MMN to the non-retroflex deviant embedded in the standard retroflex block. This suggests that listeners extract [retroflex] despite significant inter-category variation. In the non-retroflex standard block, because there is little on which to base a coherent auditory memory representation, no within-block MMN was observed. The iMMN to the retroflex was observed in a late time-window at centro-parieto-occipital electrode sites instead of fronto-central electrodes, where the MMN is typically observed, potentially reflecting the increased difficulty posed by the added variation in the standards. In short, participants can construct auditory memory representations despite significant acoustic and inter-category phonological variation so long as a shared phonetic feature binds them together.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document