scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption during Adulthood Does Not Impair Later Go/No-Go Reversal Learning in Male Rats

NeuroSci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Charles L. Pickens ◽  
Mark Gallo ◽  
Hayley Fisher ◽  
Alisa Pajser ◽  
Madelyn H. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Higher Alcohol

Reversal learning tasks are used to model flexible decision-making in laboratory animals, and exposure to drugs of abuse can cause long-term impairments in reversal learning. However, the long-term effects of alcohol on reversal learning have varied. We evaluated whether six weeks of voluntary alcohol consumption through chronic intermittent alcohol access (elevated by food restriction) in adult male rats would impair rats in a go/no-go reversal learning task when tested at an interval beyond acute withdrawal. In our go/no-go task, rats were reinforced for pressing one lever or withholding from pressing another lever, and the identities of the two levers were switched twice (once rats reached an accuracy criterion). We found no evidence that prior alcohol consumption altered discrimination or reversal learning in our task. This replicates previous patterns from our laboratory that higher alcohol consumption in food-restricted rats did not impair discrimination or reversal learning in a different go/no-go task and that alcohol consumption in free-fed adolescent/early adult rats did not impair go/no-go discrimination or reversal learning in the same task. It is unclear whether this represents an insensitivity of this task to alcohol exposure generally or whether an alcohol exposure procedure that leads to higher blood ethanol concentration (BEC) levels would impair learning. More research is needed to investigate these possibilities.

Gender-related long-term effects in adult rats by perinatal dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. R575-R579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Korotkova ◽  
Britt G. Gabrielsson ◽  
Agneta Holmäng ◽  
Britt-Marie Larsson ◽  
Lars Å. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Serum Leptin

Epidemiological studies in humans have shown that perinatal nutrition affects health later in life. We have previously shown that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the maternal diet affects serum leptin levels and growth of the suckling pups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of various ratios of the dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA during the perinatal period on serum leptin, insulin, and triacylglycerol, as well as body growth in the adult offspring. During late gestation and throughout lactation, rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing 7 wt% fat, either as linseed oil (n-3 diet), soybean oil (n-6/n-3 diet), or sunflower oil (n-6 diet). At 3 wk of age, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in the serum phospholipids of the offspring were 2.5, 8.3, and 17.5, respectively. After weaning, all pups were given a standard chow. At the 28th postnatal wk, mean body weight and fasting insulin levels were significantly increased in the rats fed the n-6/n-3 diet perinatally compared with the other groups. The systolic blood pressure and serum triacylglycerol levels were only increased in adult male rats of the same group. These data suggest that the balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA during perinatal development affects several metabolic parameters in adulthood, especially in the male animals.

scholarly journals STRESS DURING PUBERTY FACILITATES PRECANCEROUS PROSTATE LESIONS IN ADULT RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Herrera-Covarrubias ◽  
G A Coria-Avila ◽  
M E Hernandez ◽  
N Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Abnormal Nucleus ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

Puberty can be a critical period for the long-term development of diseases, especially for stress-related disorders that depend on neuroendocrine and immune responses. Some organs like the prostate are prone to diseases that result from neuroendocrine or immune challenges, such as cancer. Aim: In the present study, we assessed the long-term effects of an acute pubertal stressor (immune-challenge) on the development of precancerous lesions in adult rats, and compared them with testosterone-induced prostatic lesions. Materials and Methods: Pubertal male rats received a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline during puberty (5 weeks old). At adulthood (8 weeks old) males were subcutaneously implanted with either an empty capsule or filled with testosterone propionate (100 mg/kg). This resulted in a total of five groups: 1) intact untreated, 2) saline-treated and implanted with a blank capsule, 3) saline-treated and implanted with a testosterone capsule, 4) LPS-treated and implanted with a blank capsule, 5) LPS-treated and implanted with a testosterone capsule. Four weeks later, the rats were sacrified and their prostates processed for histology (hematoxylin and eosin stain) and blood serum processed for hormone analysis (testosterone and corticosterone). Results: Males treated with LPS (stressed during puberty via immune challenge) expressed epithelium dysplasia (specially in the ventral prostate), anisocytosis, presence of mononuclear cells, anisokariosis, non-basal polarity, abnormal nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, proplastic myoepithelium, and granular content in the lumen. These histological alterations were similar, but less severe than those observed in males implanted with testosterone during adulthood. Conclusion: These results indicate that pubertal exposure to an immune challenge (stress) facilitates the long-term development of prostatic lesions in adult male rats.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of neonatal alcohol exposure on photic reentrainment and phase-shifting responses of the activity rhythm in adult rats

Alcohol ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg C. Allen ◽  
Yuhua Z. Farnell ◽  
Ji-ung Maeng ◽  
James R. West ◽  
Wei-Jung A. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Neonatal Alcohol Exposure

Suppression of pituitary-testis function in rats treated neonatally with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist: acute and long-term effects

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-L. Kolho ◽  
I. Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

ABSTRACT The acute and long-term effects of pituitary-testis suppression with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, d-Ser(But)6des-Gly10-GnRH N-ethylamide (buserelin; 0·02, 0·1, 1·0 or 10 mg/kg body weight per day s.c.) or antagonist, N-Ac-d-Nal(2)1,d-p-Cl-Phe2,d-Trp3,d-hArg(Et2)6,d-Ala10-GnRH (RS 68439; 2 mg/kg body weight per day s.c.) were studied in male rats treated on days 1–15 of life. The animals were killed on day 16 (acute effects) or as adults (130–160 days; long-term effects). Acutely, the lowest dose of the agonist decreased pituitary FSH content and testicular LH receptors, but with increasing doses pituitary and serum LH concentrations, intratesticular testosterone content and weights of testes were also suppressed (P< 0·05–0·01). No decrease was found in serum FSH or in weights of accessory sex organs even with the highest dose of the agonist, the latter finding indicating continuing secretion of androgens. The GnRH antagonist treatment suppressed pituitary LH and FSH contents and serum LH (P< 0·05–0·01) but, as with the agonist, serum FSH remained unaltered. Testicular testosterone and testis weights were decreased (P <0·01) but testicular LH receptors remained unchanged. Moreover, the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights were reduced, in contrast to the effects of the agonists. Pituitary LH and FSH contents had recovered in all adult rats treated neonatally with agonist and there was no effect on serum LH and testosterone concentrations or on fertility. In contrast, in adult rats treated neonatally with antagonist, weights of testis and accessory sex organs remained decreased (P <0·01–0·05) but hormone secretion from the pituitary and testis had returned to normal except that serum FSH was increased by 80% (P <0·01). Interestingly, 90% of the antagonist-treated animals were infertile. It is concluded that treatment with a GnRH agonist during the neonatal period does not have a chronic effect on pituitary-gonadal function. In contrast, GnRH antagonist treatment neonatally permanently inhibits the development of the testis and accessory sex organs and results in infertility. Interestingly, despite the decline of pituitary FSH neonatally, neither of the GnRH analogues was able to suppress serum FSH values and this differs from the concomitant changes in LH and from the effects of similar treatments in adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 83–91

Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Pilot Prevention Program to Reduce Alcohol Consumption

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2303-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chudley E. Werch ◽  
Deborah M. Pappas ◽  
Joan M. Carlson ◽  
Carlo C. Diclemente
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Reduce Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Han ◽  
Jinzhu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Longevity

Abstract Background In the context of increasing global aging, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in older adults were analyzed in order to provide rationalized health recommendations to the elderly population. Methods The study used the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) dataset, from which 5354 Chinese seniors aged 65–112 years were selected as the subjects, spanning the years 1998–2018. Data on alcohol, diet, activity, and cognition were collected by questionnaire and cognitive levels were judged by the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (also referenced to the Functional Assessment Staging Test). Data cleaning and preprocessing was implemented by R software. The dynamic Cox model was applied for model construction and data analysis. Results The results of the dynamic Cox model suggested that seniors who drank alcohol were at higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those who never drank (HR = 1.291, 95%CI: 1.175–1.419). The risk was similarly exacerbated by perennial drinking habits (i.e., longer drinking years, HR = 1.008, 95%CI: 1.004–1.013). Compared to non-alcoholic beverages, liquor (≥ 38°), liquor (< 38°), wine and rice wine all showed negative effects. Whereas, the risk of cognitive decline was relatively lower in seniors who consumed liquors (< 38°) and rice wine compared to the high-level liquor (HR: 0.672 (0.508, 0.887) and 0.732 (0.559, 0.957), respectively). Conclusions Alcohol consumption has a negative and long-term effects on cognitive function in seniors. For the elderly, we suggested that alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible.

Testicular oxytocin: effects of intratesticular oxytocin in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Nicholson ◽  
S. E. F. Guldenaar ◽  
G. J. Boer ◽  
B. T. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT The long-term effects of oxytocin administration on the testis were studied using intratesticular implants. Adult male rats had an Accurel device containing 20 μg oxytocin (releasing approximately 200 ng/day) implanted into the parenchyma of each testis; control animals received empty devices. The animals were killed at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Some animals were perfused and the testes processed for light and electron microscopy. Blood was collected from the remaining animals for the measurement of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, LH, FSH and oxytocin; epididymal sperm counts were measured and the testes were extracted and radioimmunoassayed for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oxytocin. Long-term administration of oxytocin resulted in a significant reduction in testicular and plasma testosterone levels throughout the 4-week period examined and, after 14 days of treatment, lipid droplets were seen in the Leydig cells of treated but not control animals. Concentrations of dihydrotestosterone in the plasma and testes of the oxytocin-treated animals, however, were significantly elevated after 7 and 14 days and at no time fell below control values. Plasma FSH levels were also lower in the oxytocin-treated animals. Intratesticular oxytocin treatment did not affect LH or oxytocin concentrations in the plasma, epididymal sperm counts or the number of Leydig cells in the testis. Empty Accurel devices had no effect on testicular morphology. This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin in vivo can modify steroidogenesis in the testis. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 231–238

Changes in Sleep Architecture under Sustained Pain in Adult Male Rats Subjected to Neonatal Short-Lasting Local Inflammatory Insult

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-398
Author(s):  
Cheryl C.H. Yang ◽  
Shiang-Suo Huang ◽  
Chun-Ting Lai ◽  
Terry B.J. Kuo ◽  
Ya-Chun Chu
Keyword(s):  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neonatal, short-lasting, local, nociceptive insult by carrageenan can cause long-term alterations in somatosensory and neurohumoral systems. We previously revealed hyporesponsiveness of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after painful stimulation of adult rats in a neonatal carrageenan-induced pain model. Sleep disturbance has been highly correlated with pain and ANS activity. In the present study, adult rats that had received an intraplantar injection of carrageenan on postnatal day 1 were investigated to determine if there were alterations in their sleep architecture upon the stimulation of pain. Polysomnographic and heart rate variability recordings were carried out, with a wireless transmission of data, for 24 h under baseline conditions and after an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant to induce sustained nociception. Increased active awake (AW) and decreased quiet sleep (QS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) times were noted in the control animals. In the carrageenan-treated rats, the AW time increased but with decreased alertness, as revealed by decreases in beta and increases in theta power. The QS time did not decrease. The PS time decreased during the first 12 h, then increased during the following 12 h, suggesting an early rebound of formerly deprived PS time. Sympathetic activation under sustained pain was not apparent in any stage of sleep in carrageenan-treated rats and was even suppressed in AW time. An impaired sympathetic reaction to pain may have contributed to the atypical changes in sleep architecture in these rats. In conclusion, pain in early life has a long-term effect on the cardiovascular-autonomic-electroencephalographic responses to pain later in life. The physiological relevance of these results remains undetermined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document