scholarly journals Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin: Experimental and Human Evidence for a Role in Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuzhu Lin ◽  
Tara Brennan-Speranza ◽  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
Bu Yeap
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽  
Muscle Regulation

scholarly journals Maternal adaptations of pancreatic islets and glucose metabolism after lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gustavo Canul-Medina ◽  
Leticia Riverón-Negrete ◽  
Karina Pastén-Hidalgo ◽  
Paulina Morales-Castillo ◽  
Francisco García-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Serotonin Content

Pancreatic islets adapt to metabolic requirements and the hormonal milieu by modifying their size and hormone secretions. Maternal glucose demands and hormonal changes occur after weaning, to rapidly re-establish bone mineralization. Minimal information exists about glucose metabolism and pancreatic islets after lactation. This study investigated islet morphology and glucose homeostasis for 14 days after lactation in C57BL/6NHHsd mice. Compared to the day of weaning, rapid increases in the islets’ area and number of beta cells were found from the first day post-lactation, attaining maximum values on the third day post-weaning. These changes were accompanied by modifications in glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Islet-cell proliferation was already augmented before lactation ceased. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations increased significantly post-lactation; however, it is unlikely that this enhancement participates in earlier cell proliferation augmentation or in decreasing insulin sensitivity. Islet serotonin content was barely expressed, and serum calcium concentrations decreased. By the 14th day post-weaning, islets’ area and glucose homeostasis returned to age-matched virgin mice levels. These findings recognize for the first time that increases in islet area and insulin secretion occur during physiological post-weaning conditions. These results open up new opportunities to identify molecules and mechanisms participating in these processes, which will help in developing strategies to combat diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Exercise on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Levinger ◽  
George Jerums ◽  
Nigel K Stepto ◽  
Lewan Parker ◽  
Fabio R Serpiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin

scholarly journals TRIB3 R84 variant affects glucose homeostasis by altering the interplay between insulin sensitivity and secretion

Diabetologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1354-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prudente ◽  
R. Baratta ◽  
F. Andreozzi ◽  
E. Morini ◽  
M. G. Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Preproglucagon Neurons in the Brainstem Regulate Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Shi ◽  
Shaji Chacko ◽  
Alexander Brown ◽  
Depei Li ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis

scholarly journals Orexin receptors 1 and 2 in serotonergic neurons differentially regulate peripheral glucose metabolism in obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xiao ◽  
Gagik Yeghiazaryan ◽  
Simon Hess ◽  
Paul Klemm ◽  
Anna Sieben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

AbstractThe wake-active orexin system plays a central role in the dynamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here we show orexin receptor type 1 and 2 are predominantly expressed in dorsal raphe nucleus-dorsal and -ventral, respectively. Serotonergic neurons in ventral median raphe nucleus and raphe pallidus selectively express orexin receptor type 1. Inactivation of orexin receptor type 1 in serotonin transporter-expressing cells of mice reduced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity, mainly by decreasing glucose utilization in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Selective inactivation of orexin receptor type 2 improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice, mainly through a decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Optogenetic activation of orexin neurons in lateral hypothalamus or orexinergic fibers innervating raphe pallidus impaired or improved glucose tolerance, respectively. Collectively, the present study assigns orexin signaling in serotonergic neurons critical, yet differential orexin receptor type 1- and 2-dependent functions in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis.

Specific Deletion of CASK in Pancreatic β Cells Affects Glucose Homeostasis and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Mice by Reducing Hyperinsulinemia Running Title: β Cell CASK Deletion Reduces Hyperinsulinemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjing Liu ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Qingzhao Yuan ◽  
Jinyang Xie ◽  
Ting Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Normal Chow

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is involved in the secretion of insulin vesicles in pancreatic β-cells. The present study revealed a new <i>in vivo </i>role of CASK in glucose homeostasis during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A Cre-loxP system was used to specifically delete the <i>Cask </i>gene in mouse β-cells (βCASKKO), and the glucose metabolism was evaluated in <a>βCASKKO</a> mice fed a normal chow diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD). ND-fed mice exhibited impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. Transmission electron microscopy showed significantly reduced numbers of insulin granules at or near the cell membrane in the islets of βCASKKO mice. By contrast, HFD-fed βCASKKO mice showed reduced blood glucose and a partial relief of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance when compared to HFD-fed wildtype mice. The IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was upregulated in the adipose tissue of HFD-βCASKKO mice. These results indicated that knockout of the <i>Cask</i> gene in β cells had a diverse effect on glucose homeostasis: reduced insulin secretion in ND-fed mice, but improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. Therefore, CASK appears to function in the insulin secretion and contributes to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance during the development of obesity-related T2DM.

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