scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of B Vitamin Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: Effects on Healthy and ‘At-Risk’ Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Young ◽  
Andrew Pipingas ◽  
David J White ◽  
Sarah Gauci ◽  
Andrew Scholey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
B Vitamin

A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine and quantify the effects of B vitamin supplementation on mood in both healthy and ‘at-risk’ populations. A systematic search identified all available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of daily supplementation with ≥3 B group vitamins with an intervention period of at least four weeks. Random effects models for a standardized mean difference were used to test for overall effect. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic. Eighteen articles (16 trials, 2015 participants) were included, of which 12 were eligible for meta-analysis. Eleven of the 18 articles reported a positive effect for B vitamins over a placebo for overall mood or a facet of mood. Of the eight studies in ‘at-risk’ cohorts, five found a significant benefit to mood. Regarding individual facets of mood, B vitamin supplementation benefited stress (n = 958, SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.45, p = 0.03). A benefit to depressive symptoms did not reach significance (n = 568, SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = −0.01, 0.32, p = 0.07), and there was no effect on anxiety (n = 562, SMD = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.13, 0.20, p = 0.71). The review provides evidence for the benefit of B vitamin supplementation in healthy and at-risk populations for stress, but not for depressive symptoms or anxiety. B vitamin supplementation may particularly benefit populations who are at risk due to (1) poor nutrient status or (2) poor mood status.

scholarly journals Rapid immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease in at-risk populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0007271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Angheben ◽  
Dora Buonfrate ◽  
Mario Cruciani ◽  
Yves Jackson ◽  
Julio Alonso-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

scholarly journals Smoking May Reduce the Effectiveness of Anti-TNF Therapies to Induce Clinical Response and Remission in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmin Lee ◽  
M Ellen Kuenzig ◽  
Amanda Ricciuto ◽  
Ziyu Zhang ◽  
Hang Hock Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background and Aims Cigarette smoking worsens prognosis of Crohn’s disease [CD]. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between smoking and induction of clinical response or remission with anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL [June 2019] were searched for studies reporting the effect of smoking on short-term clinical response and remission to anti-TNF therapy [≤16 weeks following the first treatment] in patients with CD. Risk ratios [RR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] were calculated using random-effects models. Results Eighteen observational studies and three randomised controlled trials [RCT] were included. Current smokers and non-smokers [never or former] had similar rates of clinical response [observational studies RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.05; RCTs RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.41]. When restricted to studies clearly defining the smoking exposure, smokers treated with anti-TNF were less likely to achieve clinical response than non-smokers [smokers defined as having ≥5 cigarettes/day for ≥6 months RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.83; lifetime never smokers vs ever smokers excluding former smokers RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.93]. Current smokers were also less likely to achieve clinical remission in observational studies [RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.98], though this association was not seen in RCTs [RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.21]. Conclusions Smoking is significantly associated with a reduction in the ability of infliximab or adalimumab to induce short-term clinical response and remission when pooling studies where smoking status was clearly defined. When patients with CD are treated with highly effective therapy, including anti-TNF agents, concurrent smoking cessation may improve clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of interventions for the implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalised patients at risk of venous thromboembolism: an updated abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Kahn ◽  
Gisele Diendéré ◽  
David R Morrison ◽  
Alexandre Piché ◽  
Kristian B Filion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Multifaceted Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of system-wide interventions designed to increase the implementation of thromboprophylaxis and decrease the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalised medical and surgical patients at risk of VTE.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesMedline, PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, DARE, EED, LILACS and clinicaltrials.gov without language restrictions from inception to 7 January 2017, as well as the reference lists of relevant review articles.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of system-wide interventions such as alerts, multifaceted, education, and preprinted orders when compared with no intervention, existing policy or another intervention.ResultsWe included 13 RCTs involving 35 997 participants. Eleven RCTs had data available for meta-analysis. Compared with control, we found absolute increase in the prescription of prophylaxis associated with alerts (21% increase, 95% CI [15% to 275%]) and multifaceted interventions (4% increase, 95% CI [3% to 11%]), absolute increase in the prescription of appropriate prophylaxis associated with alerts (16% increase, 95% CI [12% to 20%]) and relative risk reductions (risk ratio 64%, 95% CI [47% to 86%]) in the incidence of symptomatic VTE associated with alerts. Computer alerts were found to be more effective than human alerts, and multifaceted interventions with an alert component appeared to be more effective than multifaceted interventions without, although comparative pooled analyses were not feasible. The quality of evidence for improvement in outcomes was judged to be low to moderate certainty.ConclusionsAlerts increased the proportion of patients who received prophylaxis and appropriate prophylaxis, and decreased the incidence of symptomatic VTE. Multifaceted interventions increased the proportion of patients who received prophylaxis but were found to be less effective than alerts interventions.Trial registration numberCD008201.

Abstract 14945: Electronic Cigarettes Are Effective for Smoking Cessation: Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A Rahman ◽  
Nicholas R Hann ◽  
Andrew M Wilson ◽  
George Mnatzaganian ◽  
Linda Worrall-Carter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Finding effective interventions for smoking cessation has proven difficult and existing interventions have limited consumer appeal. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular and a possible role for them in smoking cessation is being debated. Our objective was therefore to analyse existing research to investigate whether use of e-cigarettes is an effective smoking cessation method. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that use of e-cigarettes is an effective smoking cessation method. Methods: A systematic review of articles in English of any publication date was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases. Published studies investigating the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation among current smokers were included. Studies were systematically reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect and random-effects models. Heterogeneity and quality of the selected studies were also evaluated. Results: Six studies were selected, including two randomised controlled trials, two cohort studies and two cross-sectional studies, and included 7,551 participants. Meta-analyses included 1,242 participants on whom complete smoking cessation data was available. Of these, 224 (18%) reported smoking cessation after using nicotine-enriched e-cigarettes for a minimum period of six months. Use of such e-cigarettes was positively associated with smoking cessation with a pooled Effect Size of 0.20 (95%CI 0.11-0.28). Nicotine filled e-cigarettes were more effective in achieving cessation compared to those without nicotine (pooled Risk Ratio 2.29, 95%CI 1.05-4.97). Use of e-cigarettes was also effective in reducing smokers’ daily cigarette consumption. The studies included were heterogeneous, (I 2 =93%, p<0.001). A meta-regression model showed that 98% of this heterogeneity was caused by study design and gender variation. Conclusions: In conclusion, available literature suggests that the use of e-cigarettes may be an effective alternate smoking cessation method. Further research is required to investigate this among both genders.

scholarly journals Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise are equivalent to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Miller ◽  
Pinyadapat Areerob ◽  
Declan Hennessy ◽  
Daniela C. Gonçalves-Bradley ◽  
Christopher Mesagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Treatment ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Exercise has been identified as an allied health strategy that can support the management of depression in older adults, yet the relative effectiveness for different exercise modalities is unknown. To meet this gap in knowledge, we present a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the head-to-head effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise to mitigate depressive symptoms in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods: A PRISMA-NMA compliant review was undertaken on RCTs from inception to September 12th, 2019. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for eligible RCTs enrolling adults with a mean age ≥ 65 years, comparing one or more exercise intervention arms, and which used valid measures of depressive symptomology. Comparative effectiveness was evaluated using network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence, controlling for inherent variation in trial control groups. Results: The systematic review included 82 RCTs, with 69 meeting eligibility for the network meta-analysis (n = 5,379 participants). Pooled analysis found each exercise type to be effective compared with controls (Hedges’ g = -0.27 to -0.51). Relative head-to-head comparisons were statistically comparable between exercise types: resistance versus aerobic (Hedges’ g = -0.06, PrI = -0.91, 0.79), mind-body versus aerobic (Hedges’ g = -0.12, PrI = -0.95, 0.72), mind-body versus resistance (Hedges’ g = -0.06, PrI = -0.90, 0.79). High levels of compliance were demonstrated for each exercise treatment. Conclusions: Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise demonstrate equivalence to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults aged ≥ 65 years, with comparably encouraging levels of compliance to exercise treatment. These findings coalesce with previous findings in clinically depressed older adults to encourage personal preference when prescribing exercise for depressive symptoms in older adults. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018115866 (23/11/2018).

scholarly journals Adjunctive ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander McGirr ◽  
Marcelo T. Berlim ◽  
David J. Bond ◽  
Peter Y. Chan ◽  
Lakshmi N. Yatham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundKetamine has emerged as a novel therapeutic agent for major depressive episodes, spurring interest in its potential to augment electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).AimsWe sought to update our preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving an index course of ECT, and testing the hypothesis that lack of efficacy is due to barbiturate anaesthetic co-administration.MethodWe searched EMBASE, CENTRAL and Medline to identify RCTs examining the efficacy of ketamine during a course of ECT. Data were synthesised from ten trials (ketamine group n = 333, comparator group n = 269) using pooled random effects models.ResultsElectroconvulsive therapy with ketamine was not associated with greater improvements in depressive symptoms or higher rates of clinical response or remission, nor did it result in pro-cognitive effects. This held true when limiting analysis to trials without barbiturate anaesthetic co-administration. Increased rates of confusion were reported.ConclusionsOverall, our analyses do not support using ketamine over other induction agents in ECT.

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