scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): What Key Messages Can Health Care Providers Offer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Riazi ◽  
Maitreyi Raman ◽  
Lorian Taylor ◽  
Mark G. Swain ◽  
Abdel Aziz Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising epidemic worldwide and will be the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplant within the next decade. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Behaviors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and consuming a Western diet, have led to substantial challenges in managing NAFLD patients. With no curative pharmaceutical therapies, lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and exercise, that ultimately lead to weight loss remain the only effective therapy for NAFLD. Multiple diets, including low-carbohydrate, low-fat, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean (MD) diets, have been evaluated. NAFLD patients have shown better outcomes with a modified diet, such as the MD diet, where patients are encouraged to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and olive oil. It is increasingly clear that a personalized approach to managing NAFLD patients, based on their preferences and needs, should be implemented. In our review, we cover NAFLD management, with a specific focus on dietary patterns and their components. We emphasize the successful approaches highlighted in recent studies to provide recommendations that health care providers could apply in managing their NAFLD patients.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns in relation to hepatic fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
Golnaz Ranjbar ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Ladan Goshayeshi ◽  
Farkhonde Razmpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3899
Author(s):  
Maria Notarnicola ◽  
Alberto Ruben Osella ◽  
Maria Gabriella Caruso ◽  
Pasqua Letizia Pesole ◽  
Antonio Lippolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Focus

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in hepatocytes leading to liver injury. Recently, many studies have focused on the identification of the genetic and epigenetic modifications that also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and their prognostic implications. The present review is aimed to discuss on cellular and metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD, which can be helpful to identify new noninvasive biomarkers. The identification of accumulated lipids in the cell membranes, as well as circulating cytokeratins and exosomes, provides new insights in understanding of NAFLD. This review also suggests that lifestyle modifications remain the main prevention and/or treatment for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and managing pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vittorio ◽  
Joel E. Lavine
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Common Etiology

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease that can range from isolated macrovesicular hepatocellular steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased over several decades, mirroring the global obesity pandemic. NAFLD currently represents the most common etiology of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents worldwide. Disease presentation in childhood strongly suggests that these children may have unique susceptibilities and more severe long-term consequences. Emerging data demonstrate that the pathogenesis of early-onset NAFLD is secondary to a complex interplay involving genetic, metabolic, environmental, and microbiological factors. Such influences may begin in utero. Dietary and lifestyle modifications remain the primary effective therapeutic interventions, although long-term efficacy is limited by poor adoption or adherence. Advances in the development and validation of non-invasive biomarkers and imaging modalities will facilitate diagnosis for affected children and adolescents and facilitate long-term natural history studies and the development of therapeutic interventions.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) for Primary Care Providers: Beyond the Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddison Godinez-Leiva ◽  
Fernando Bril
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract:: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has consolidated as a major public health problem, affecting ~25% of the global population. This percentage is significantly higher in the setting of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Presence of NAFLD is associated with severe liver complications, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; i.e., presence of inflammation and necrosis), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the majority of these patients die of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, management of this condition requires a multidisciplinary team, where primary care providers are at center stage. However, important misconceptions remain among primary care providers, preventing them from appropriately approach these patients. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease should be understood as part of a systemic disease, characterized for abnormal accumulation of fat in tissues other than the adipose tissue. This, in turn, produces dysfunction of those organs or tissues (process sometimes referred to as lipotoxicity). Therefore, due to the systemic nature of this condition, it should not surprise that NAFLD is closely related to other metabolic conditions. In this review, we will focus on the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD and its metabolic and cardiovascular implications. We believe these are the most important issues primary care providers should understand, in order to effectively manage these complicated patients. In addition, we have provided a simple and straightforward approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NAFLD and/or NASH. We hope this review will serve as a guide for primary care providers to approach their patients with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Association with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Cirrhosis Status: The Multiethnic Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Mazen Noureddin ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Lynne R Wilkens ◽  
Veronica W Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological data on the role of overall dietary patterns in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited, especially from population-based prospective studies. Objectives We investigated the associations between dietary patterns assessed by predefined diet quality indexes (DQIs) and NAFLD risk by cirrhosis status in African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, and whites from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC). Methods A nested case-control analysis was conducted within the MEC. NAFLD cases were identified by linkage to 1999–2016 Medicare claims. Four DQIs—Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet score, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score—were calculated from a validated FFQ administered at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs with adjustment for multiple covariates. Results Analyses included 2959 NAFLD cases (509 with cirrhosis; 2450 without cirrhosis) and 29,292 matched controls. Higher scores for HEI-2015 (i.e., highest compared with lowest quintile OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94; P for trend = 0.002) and DASH (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89; P for trend < 0.001), reflecting favorable adherence to a healthful diet, were inversely associated with NAFLD risk. Whereas there were no differences by sex or race/ethnicity, the inverse association was stronger for NAFLD with cirrhosis than for NAFLD without cirrhosis (P for heterogeneity = 0.03 for HEI-2015 and 0.05 for DASH). Conclusions Higher HEI-2015 and DASH scores were inversely associated with NAFLD risk in this ethnically diverse population. The findings suggest that having better diet quality may reduce NAFLD risk with more benefit to NAFLD with cirrhosis.

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