scholarly journals 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio D’Avolio ◽  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Alessandra Manca ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a clinical outcome ranging from mild to severe, including death. To date, it is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms. Many authors have suggested the involvement of vitamin D in reducing the risk of infections; thus, we retrospectively investigated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in plasma obtained from a cohort of patients from Switzerland. In this cohort, significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.004) were found in PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 (median value 11.1 ng/mL) patients compared with negative patients (24.6 ng/mL); this was also confirmed by stratifying patients according to age >70 years. On the basis of this preliminary observation, vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce the risk of infection. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations and to confirm our preliminary observation.

scholarly journals Genetic Components of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Increase in Three Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Trummer ◽  
Natascha Schweighofer ◽  
Christoph W. Haudum ◽  
Christian Trummer ◽  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH)D) serum concentration depends on vitamin D intake, endogenous vitamin D production and genetic factors. The latter have been demonstrated in large genome-wide association studies indicating that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the vitamin D metabolism are as important for serum 25(OH)D levels as the influence of season. The mechanism on how these SNPs influence serum 25(OH)D levels are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic effects of ten selected SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism on 25-hydroxyvitamin D increase (∆25(OH)D) after vitamin D supplementation in three randomized controlled trials. Genotypes of SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism were determined in 411 participants with 25(OH)D concentrations < 75 nmol/l receiving 20,000 IU cholecalciferol per week for 8 or 12 weeks after study inclusion. For the vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs10783219 polymorphism, the minor A-allele was associated with lower ∆25(OH)D values in the entire study population (p = 0.022), which was not consistent in all three cohorts when analysed separately. VDR rs10783219 might therefore be a genetic modulator of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Considering the wide-spread use of vitamin D supplementation, future large and well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should investigate the clinical impact of this polymorphism.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Cirrhotic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
Csilla Putz-Bankuti ◽  
Martin Gaksch ◽  
Walter Spindelboeck ◽  
Marius Haselberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

scholarly journals Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Grant ◽  
Henry Lahore ◽  
Sharon L. McDonnell ◽  
Carole A. Baggerly ◽  
Christine B. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

The world is in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40&ndash;60 ng/ml (100&ndash;150 nmol/l). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

scholarly journals Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Grant ◽  
Henry Lahore ◽  
Sharon L. McDonnell ◽  
Carole A. Baggerly ◽  
Christine B. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

scholarly journals Serum PTH is not a good marker for defining a threshold for vitamin D deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Rolf Jorde ◽  
Guri Grimnes
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Serum Pth

Objective In addition to its skeletal effects, vitamin D may also be important for health in general. It is uncertain what level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), marker of vitamin D status, is sufficient for these effects. With decreasing serum 25(OH)D levels there is an increase in serum PTH. The point at which this occurs has been considered as a threshold for vitamin D sufficiency. The thresholds found have varied widely and have mainly been based on observational studies. However, to truly establish a threshold for vitamin D effects, this has to be based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The study included 2803 subjects from a general health survey, the Tromsø study, and pooled individual person data from five vitamin D intervention studies (n = 1544). Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and change in PTH after vitamin D supplementation were related to serum 25(OH)D levels in steps of 25 nmol/L (<24, 25–49, 50–74, 75–99, and >99 nmol/L). Results In the Tromsø study, in the females there was a gradual decrease in serum PTH with increasing serum 25(OH)D with no apparent plateau, whereas in the males the decrease in PTH in subjects with serum 25(OH)D >74 nmol/l was marginal. In pooled RCTs, there was a significant reduction in serum PTH by vitamin D supplementation regardless of baseline serum 25(OH)D level. Conclusions The use of the serum PTH–25(OH)D relation from observational studies to determine a threshold for vitamin D sufficiency is highly questionable.

scholarly journals Vitamin D to prevent exacerbations of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Jolliffe ◽  
Lauren Greenberg ◽  
Richard L Hooper ◽  
Carolien Mathyssen ◽  
Rachida Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D to prevent COPD exacerbations have yielded conflicting results.Individual participant data meta-analysis could identify factors that explain this variation.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science were searched from inception up to and including 5 October 2017 to identify RCTs of vitamin D supplementation in patients with COPD that reported incidence of acute exacerbations. Individual participant data meta-analysis was performed using fixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease spirometric grade and trial.ResultsFour eligible RCTs (total 560 participants) were identified; individual participant data were obtained for 469/472 (99.4%) participants in three RCTs. Supplementation did not influence overall rate of moderate/severe COPD exacerbations (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13). Prespecified subgroup analysis revealed that protective effects were seen in participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <25 nmol/L (aIRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.84) but not in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥25 nmol/L (aIRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.27; p for interaction=0.015). Vitamin D did not influence the proportion of participants experiencing at least one serious adverse event (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.75).ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation safely and substantially reduced the rate of moderate/severe COPD exacerbations in patients with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <25 nmol/L but not in those with higher levels.Trial registration numberCRD42014013953.

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