scholarly journals Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Martin Doseděl ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lenka Krčmová ◽  
Lenka Javorská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in critical conditions: from bench to bedside (part 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
S.M. Chuklin ◽  
S.S. Chuklin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Critically Ill Surgical Patients

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an important physiological role in numerous metabolic functions. It is also a cofactor in the synthesis of important substances, in particular catecholamines and vasopressin. A decrease in the level of ascorbic acid has been noted in various diseases, often accompanying the severity of the patient’s state. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge on the physiological role of vitamin C and the experimental evidences of its use in critically ill surgical patients. The pharmacodynamics of ascorbic acid, the possibility of using high doses of vitamin C are also considered. MEDLINE database on the PubMed platform was used to search for the literature sources with key words: vitamin C, sepsis, shock, trauma, burns.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in critical conditions: from bench to bedside (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
S.M. Chuklin ◽  
S.S. Chuklin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Critically Ill Surgical Patients

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an important physiological role in numerous metabolic functions. It is also a cofactor in the synthesis of important substances, in particular catecholamines and vasopressin. A decrease in the level of ascorbic acid has been noted in various diseases, often accompanying the severity of the patient’s state. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge on the physiological role of vitamin C and the experimental evidences of its use in critically ill surgical patients. Medline database on the PubMed platform was used to search for the literature sources with key words: vitamin C, sepsis, shock, trauma, burns.

scholarly journals Common anti-oxidant vitamin C as an anti-infective agent with remedial role on SARS-CoV-2 infection. An update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Michailides ◽  
Dimitrios Velissaris
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Infective Agent

Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide multifaceted crisis. The medical world agonizes to contend with the problem, but a string of tested medications has been proven unavailing. Vitamin C is well described as a salutary antioxidant and some trials conclude that it may be a potential antiviral drug. In high doses, Vitamin C can alternate crucial steps in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This dynamic was the driving force behind trials around the world that tried immunonutrition as a weapon against clinical entities. We summarize the mechanisms of action of Vitamin C and its role against infections and the current literature referring to the potential role of Vitamin C in SARS-CoV-2 infection, also as a contingent treatment agent.

Is There a Physiological Role of Vitamin C in Iron Absorption?

1987 ◽  
Vol 498 (1 Third Confere) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEIF HALLBERG ◽  
MATS BRUNE ◽  
LENA ROSSANDER-HULTHÉN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Physiological Role

Antioxidative Role of Synthetic and Natural Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in Metabolic Pathways of A Biological System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3143-3143
Author(s):  
Naveed Shuja
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

The properties of a substance are determined by the structure of its component molecules. Ascorbic acid occurs abundantly in fresh fruit, especially blackcurrants, citrus fruit and strawberries, and in most fresh vegetables; good sources are broccoli and peppers. It is destroyed by heat and is not well stored in the body3. Ascorbic acid is a good reducing agent and facilitates many metabolic reaction and repair processes. In pharmaceutical preparations and fruit juices, ascorbic acid is readily separated from other compounds by TLC on silica gel and quantitated directly by absorption at 254nm. Serum and plasma may be deproteinized with twice the volume of methanol or ethanol.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID: ANTIOXIDANT AND NON-ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Reena V Saini ◽  
Adesh K Saini
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Glutamate Toxicity ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Ascorbic acid (AA) or Vitamin C is an important antioxidant which participates in numerous cellular functions. Although in human plasma its concentration is in micromolars but it reaches millimolar concentrations in most of the human tissues. The high ascorbate cellular concentrations are generated and maintained by a specific sodium-dependent Vitamin C transporter type 2 (SVCT2, member of Slc23 family). Metabolic processes recycle Vitamin C from its oxidized forms (ascorbate) inside the cells. AA concentration is highest in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, and deletion of its transporter affects mice brain and overall survival. In the CNS, intracellular ascorbate serves several functions including antioxidant protection, peptide amidation, myelin formation, synaptic potentiation, and protection against glutamate toxicity. SVCT2 maintains neuronal ascorbate content in CNS which has relevance for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. As ascorbate supplements decrease infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion injury and protect neurons from oxidative damage, it is a vital dietary antioxidant. The aim of this review is to assess the role of the SVCT2 in regulating neuronal ascorbate homeostasis in CNS and the extent to which ascorbate affects brain function as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid improves parthenogenetic embryo development through TET proteins in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Xianfeng Yu ◽  
Jindong Hao ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Tet Proteins ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryo ◽  
Blastocyst Rate

Abstract The TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) proteins catalyze the oxidation of 5mC (5-methylcytosine) to 5hmC (5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and play crucial roles in embryonic development. Ascorbic acid (Vc, Vitamin C) stimulates the expression of TET proteins, whereas DMOG (dimethyloxallyl glycine) inhibits TET expression. To investigate the role of TET1, TET2, and TET3 in PA (parthenogenetic) embryonic development, Vc and DMOG treatments were administered during early embryonic development. The results showed that Vc treatment increased the blastocyst rate (20.73 ± 0.46 compared with 26.57 ± 0.53%). By contrast, DMOG reduced the blastocyst rate (20.73 ± 0.46 compared with 11.18 ± 0.13%) in PA embryos. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and IF (immunofluorescence) staining results revealed that TET1, TET2, and TET3 expressions were significantly lower in PA embryos compared with normal fertilized (Con) embryos. Our results revealed that Vc stimulated the expression of TET proteins in PA embryos. However, treatment with DMOG significantly inhibited the expression of TET proteins. In addition, 5hmC was increased following treatment with Vc and suppressed by DMOG in PA embryos. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of TET proteins plays crucial roles mediated by 5hmC in PA embryonic development.

scholarly journals Vitamin C and the Role of Citrus Juices as Functional Food

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Martí ◽  
Pedro Mena ◽  
Jose Antonio Cánovas ◽  
Vicente Micol ◽  
Domingo Saura
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Citrus Juices ◽  
Citrus Extract

The literature on the content and stability of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) in citrus juices in relation to industrial practices is reviewed. The role of vitamin C from citrus juices in human diet is also reviewed. Citrus fruits and juices are rich in several types of bioactive compounds. Their antioxidant activity and related benefits derive not only from vitamin C but also from other phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids. During juice processing, temperature and oxygen are the main factors responsible for vitamin C losses. Nonthermal processed juices retain higher levels of vitamin C, but economic factors apparently delay the use of such methods in the citrus industry. Regarding packing material, vitamin C in fruit juice is quite stable when stored in metal or glass containers, whereas juice stored in plastic bottles has a much shorter shelf-life. The limiting step for vitamin C absorption in humans is transcellular active transport across the intestinal wall where AA may be oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which is easily transported across the cell membrane and immediately reduced back to AA by two major pathways. AA bioavailability in the presence of flavonoids has yielded controversial results. Whereas flavonoids seem to inhibit intestinal absorption of AA, some studies have shown that AA in citrus extract was more available than synthetic ascorbic acid alone. DHAA is reported to possess equivalent biological activity to AA, so recent studies often consider the vitamin C activity in the diet as the sum of AA plus DHAA. However, this claimed equivalence should be carefully reexamined. Humans are one of the few species lacking the enzyme (L-gulonolactone oxidase, GLO) to convert glucose to vitamin C. It has been suggested that this is due to a mutation that provided a survival advantage to early primates, since GLO produces toxic H2O2. Furthermore, the high concentration of AA (and DHAA) in neural tissues could have been the key factor that caused primates (vertebrates with relative big brain) to lose the capacity to synthesize vitamin C. Oxidative damage has many pathological implications in human health, and AA may play a central role in maintaining the metabolic antioxidant response. The abundance of citrus juices in the Mediterranean diet may provide the main dietary source for natural vitamin C.

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